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simmons is, i'm to tens of thousands of wetlands proportional to land mass. the country has more wetlands than any other on the planet. there is the marietta ponds, its rise here in the woodlands. rich natural beauty drove many visits the but the wetlands are also in bolton's from climate. the in numerous amounts of comp, in a store to us, some is locked in palm, a frost. the will depend for us to mount massive amounts of comp and would likely be released into the atmosphere,

celebrating climate change. but it's not too late. the recent studies suggest the while these new rules and wetlands may pose trends fail or so, right. we don't put you in to take the, how much human kind work with the wetlands to come global climate change. the research group from the university of helsinki has arrived in kayla busy ave

lapland, in the fall, know the thing, and that hoping to discover whether the palm of frosty is already melting multi effects that could have blown up be cham or i say subtleties. that's better exciting who who, who. oh really. so and this is from one and a half. feet has power to go. focus. just ice. yeah. textbook. yeah. so we can use it for long drinks. no thought i'm not when it smells like that, but that's good to get the dog to let you get all this long term project is concentrated on permafrost on that. so what we want to find out what process is this? that's all for that. now let's see that, and the 1st contains huge amounts of mercury. another talks hands with this one is

very useful kind of compounds and gas. estate costs. are we on a need that we want to know what could be released? and what effect that would have on the climate change? how do i get me the next? some components can cover stuff. we have to assume that the most to the next on the right to appeal, it does say that what about the desktop and to stay in and a northern permafrost may contain hazards that are as yet unknown to us. the in the summer of 2016 alarming news came from the yamaha of peninsula in north western side bay area. a young man had died, a vance rhymes a disease that had been eradicated from the region 75 years sonia of a 2000 reindeer died from the disease. an additional 5 adults and 2 children were

infected and science was suspected to have spread from a contaminated reindeer congress, which lane frozen in the palm of frost. for decades. subsequent studies revealed that an exceptionally warm summer had mounted large sections of permafrost. the soul that apparently revived the answer, i expect a room which furnished infected animals then the reindeer herders. the seams 2060 no new and strange outbreaks have been detected in yamma. the. the mounting is a ton of phones times, however, tools damage to buildings it also releases

carbon dioxide and me sang both known ex underwriters of climate change. the the arctic circle surrounds the noise power to the ground. here contains twice the amount of carbon that is found in the atmosphere in march. if it is stored in the arctic wetlands permafrost, the compound a blessing and the cost with outage that would be known as i phone us. at the same time. it's the cause of global warming to greenhouse gases contain compound carbon dioxide. and me, st. is these 2 gases that contribute the most, most ferric warming in nature comp and is in constant

association. the wetlands in northern europe play a key role in the comp and cycle yes, i was gonna say, oh my gosh, can you hold on not a document that he later thought that i think what we want to understand. how common sawgrass work in the science guys, i guess they don't take some of the site. that's kind of a for us. i mean, what else? there was some wetlands and launch wetlands, so you'd be any as while away they are, we want to start the older interactions you might have with that kind of get that a firm just to call them tight when it moves from one place to another. so now how does a, the, wherever the comp and store have those here. and what sort of saw says you got the,

how does it end up in the atlas van or more in the ocean the last day that we set about? do you want me to type out a maybe? so i don't really what i was planning past is no, not here in the nor does it. so it's also in the tropics, the vice, or for ricky. like to go us call them by when you on the guy you let me to fact, so climate the small company stored in wetlands then in the entire opponents vegetation, up to the oceans. wetlands of the us launch is comp and reservoirs so i thought he left the thought as eco systems, the wetlands absorb carbon from the atmosphere. sylvia, after the ice age, it was continuously drawn from the air, ethical, rusty, if there weren't any wetlands, the atmosphere would today be much richer and carbon. and with every wetland that's destroyed on the carbon gets released into the atmosphere across the be

the spa, little study has been made of wetland permafrost, so the possible effect of permafrost melt, alonzo, the unknown data must be mindful. here's, here's all of us. i'm assuming there's hardly any data from northern regions like this one was in a gas measurements like these have only been undertaken in a very few places around the world, especially less on our research thus far as been largely based on assumption and then the federal still up, it's got the last to exceed one hypothesis. as the climate warms, the ground becomes walter locked. you'll start, you get all the so last, that's them, it's nothing is the permafrost inside these mountains, now it becomes a puddle like this one here. and here, these release a lot of methane, which is the potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. that's one possible scenario that we wind up with these expensive, what area is all about leaking methane into the atmosphere?

it's stuck for force at the, at the state of the eat, shoot me an e, and permafrost inside period has apparently been going to mount some of the ancient frozen silence fine for the 1st time and 10000 years and its effects. post traumatic stress for global warming signs at the time of frosts melting have been observable for some 20 years. now. the images are assigned barriers collapsing, permafrost mounds stoked fee is as early as $20.00. 14 scientists concluded that the mounds were filled with me signed, which was being released from the melting permafrost. the pressure inside them had grown so great that it 1st opened the mountains and

made on a crop, said, i didn't know if i had them. tell us why all these me think try to sign them up for a bit like st. cost, which can be found around the well i think the box in the permafrost platform ice clocks the minus 6 layer of frozen. so i'll get out of when that mel line and it's a bit like pulling the stopper out of the sink. and 1st thing from the top rushes out and just leaving a crate to the hunt, that level of the bottom i'll get more of done. i'd like to be as almost started as i have confirmed the melting at this time period, permafrost over the years initial assumptions become increasingly concrete. bike always, they're still not in my dining, passed it oil, anything and emissions can be locally quite high times. and that can increase, but the effect is apparently not terribly significant. a of them now pull up all the americans, this dining of your left doors to fix status. stuff like this, not just let me see. yeah, nice, nice. now a macro fossil. what have you found?

the seat? it looks like the bulk bean. how does it look in the middle menu? n t savanna? right, so i thought, thoughts i, i'd also say it's a mini into a book being seen to sho get that means that it used to be very damp here. soft ground, not much under grows on the bottom of the seed assigned to. so just found is several 1000 years old. it indicates that the landscape around this bulk must have once looked very different under the sun, the beam, and then the last good that we drilled was mineral matter, not bogs, settlement at all. that source, i didn't see a that's an old, there used to be some kind of a lake or a puddle, then, which was later filled, and then formed boggs. this is the way nature works is still wonderful. nothing is forever. see, i like this environment, look very different after the last i say about a okay,

and i think that fix permafrost bogs, a long time capsules that help us study environmental and climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years in a saw a year by year sheet accumulates in the swamp courses in southern and finland, the pete layer can be several meters, the side lobby, some. and in lapland, we only have 2 meters of a pete that's assessment. the layers are a kind of time machine or dried them that record the whole history of the wetland mesa. scientists search through the lines of stratification for signs of temperature and humidity changes to like a half of the sale of mazda. so, you know, it's easy to see in the terrain. this is something happened and honestly there. and often the changes appear as differences in color to see. and then when we bring the samples to the lab, we can see in more detail how the vegetation has changed across history, documented over the course of 10000 years old. there have been at least

a couple of changes to the vegetation, which tells us about changes in the environment. that's the mainland, the non beta can layer. we have a sample of about 50 centimeters from a bug and lapland. luckily, we can clearly see changes in the composition of the pizza. this layer is perhaps a 1000 years old. down here we have us our grasp agitation which grows in human conditions. at the same time with us. so have to say it's the most here we see a clear change in the 18th century, say nobody has the it all of a sudden, at that point during the little ice age at the time or for us, begin developing incentives, condo, so on the surface of the ball dried out to changing the vegetation completely. shrubs begin to spread out during that period. the 6th and yellow here on the far left, the vegetation has changed once again. this layer reflects the situation at the x direction point and then the conditions. we still have today, lucas moss is growing there. an indication that the environment has become more

humid again, pay a month or stomach $6.00 by observing the various layers, it is possible to make a rough, initial prediction of changes a hand the same i came in. and i also thought that by next i thought if that fell on a little, i mean, we can see how the layers in the blog behaved at various times. ceiling ended up in general, say the carbon dioxide, along with warmer temperatures, promotes the growth of p. and, and the accumulation of carbon. but these forecasts do not take into account other aspects related to wetlands for now. so extensive changes in vegetation, things like res, talk or the off of myers bod grove, fires to nice that are considered in these models. not with on the bottom of the following is that both much more research is needed for that one of them. and that's also at the. ready

ready the finland is a great place to study the wetlands effects on the climates after a wetlands compress the finland. an area, the size of point you call the

functions from several ways being important to the things they've provided food for humans and animals as well as the fuel. the heating finish focus on is filled with tails of spirits, elves and dantes living in the wetland. so it's no wonder then that finish has thousands of ones, but different kinds of westland wetlands. well once fee and there's some predictable environments. a space between us and water being and beyond in the past, people were buried in this one night to waste was dumped down the know to box around like that sometimes store common efficiently. one offers

release it so much. i can't really. so i thought any last, so what do you, they're all over 100 different types of women and finland alone. get at that. the heat each is different in the way it's accumulates or a mix common. so what do these weights or kinds of bugs that release maintained into the atmosphere 9? i'm atanya driveable to mount carmel accumulate, to install a call from very efficient, make it to a name and visit the data data. edit devlin garcia, that are still a hell of a hot finland's wetlands hoping drained the goal was to dry out the wetland soil, making it most suitable for forestry and agriculture. one such wetlands is around scale on copy in southern finland. the dense

spruce forest was originally a woodland bunk. decades ago the wetlands were drained to support tree groves. the ground floor of the table was lowered considerably. that's what i'm similar, similar for you. those ought to be let me read on finally on. we're in a well trained whitland to present which has become common for finland to call a few. and according to the latest findings, this type of fee to use as a major source of emissions. the sewing of a drain, white gland forest produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and me saying at the same time the far as trees take in carbon dioxide from the yeah, that means a peter and far as serves as both a source of emissions and does a common sink drains, pete forests and pete fields on the last, a significant source of the world wide emissions date,

but you've still most as much greenhouse gas emissions as deforestation. dance in the effort to comp, time to change the wetlands have been matched as a point of focus. the draining of wetlands reduces bio diversity, wesson's water quality, and increases the risk of file. the carbon released from wetlands is bad for the climate. human intervention can however, impact just how much compound is released into the atmosphere. one go could be to strengthen the role of wetlands as comp and syncs. extract the file out at dawn and that was one option could be witness restoration in finland, for instance, east the account, this wetlands have been trying to even trying them up, filed in 15 to 30 percent of cases. no forest has been able to grow and met,

so instead of draining the wetlands, it just ruins that positive, natural quantities, only not with restoration below the wetlands can begin to function naturally again to time. so i'd like and once most thoughts, i'm solving colvin from the top boy, you say, all gone during the se, and so i'm not to say an email. if you don't like it has restoring a wetland means returning it to a state as close as possible to it's natural log. the ditches are filled, the water level rises once the water has return to the correct level, pete begins to form. again. compound is removed from the atmosphere absorbed into the soil. the

best here comes every se, gets v 75, i mean, and then we subtract. this was a pretty deep and that's only now give out in spring and the debt to equity. if it's a dry summer will be at around 120 minutes of past painburne. so you know, people suffer how you almost certainly ask me of course, when the water levels so low in ron scale and copays, the effects of the various deforestation models on wetlands emissions. of being investigated, the aim is to raise the water level in a controlled manner so that the forest remains viable. as a result, carbon dioxide emissions will also decrease. however, the water level must not rise to high. the yes, the vision one is

a 100 percent of the water rows right to the surface of methane would be released as i need. the goal is to maintain groundwater at a depths of about $20.00 to $30.00 centimeters squared. doesn't release methane last se. i hope the yeah, new ga, sufficient aerobic surface layer can prevent methane emissions on them. it's on it's last of the researchers measure of the carbon dioxide india, the methane present in the soil changes in vegetation, the ground water levels, and the circulation of liquids in the trees. they track the liquid flowing through the trees to find out how they react to filing into fluctuations in the ground water levels manifested cox onboard. yeah, yeah, i mean the heel fatty acid. we have 2 sensors here in mind measuring 2 different things for the height of the front sensor shows the degree of, of operation and the word. yeah, the measurements isn't very accurate, but it's better than nothing said this sensor on the left gives us information

about photo synthesis. so can have sugar is transported via the flow em to the places where the tree needs it for growth, the routes on the trunk, concession order storing at all possible. but also who the tonic with this one is one place to maybe even if it's better what i me on this one. yeah. yeah. so the place fixed on straight the pipes. good. intrude? well thanks in photo synthesis. trees. extract carbon dioxide from the changes in the water table can disrupt the process. it's not, not. so of course there's them, it's just one methodologies bogged ecosystems. i paint forests are controlled by water, so positive a certain extent of it and the greenhouse gas emissions depend largely on the water table take them up as well as on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by the trees, such as the ground water level is especially high water trees run into problems

with their water intake lot, but as they can struggle when it's too let's look at a st. mary's spelt also test the movement and circulation of greenhouse gases attract using automatically operated chambers and measuring devices attached to my god. through the load up, the box is placed slowly over the ground, then the chambers, he'll go to the law, say that it then measures whether there's a gas source in the ground. and we'll go from that. if, if there is a gas level inside, the chamber gradually increases on the same at the best that we've distract the gases from the box and look for concentration increases. so let me just to say, what was a minute gain from that? we can calculate the flow speeds to see that was due last as an nope out in the last 4 we have

a chunk research team has come to rants, can compete to investigate the impact of deforestation on westland admissions. so that's why we try to study the same kinds of management though remover off all 3 or removal of selected threes. and how this affects cardboard, cycling, kind of micro ps in the soil. we have this sites in the right, this columbia, in germany and slow by now and to fill on this very well for thing, because we need some, a set think which will glance, and with a specific regulation represent thought they for large box over the morales for us, so if we just look at the threes around our, of our a small and beside the house of them are thinking on how you know tomorrow. i think for all, for us it would be better to harvest. slight blue, less than because the other harvest thing in that is that these are, i don't have the 1st time. so maybe just around our side, we go less, elizabeth,

more 3. yes. and went around. you can take as much as you, as you, like, materia and funky the decomposed pond and animal material affect the production of carbon dioxide and me saying in the soil. when trees are caught down, it has a detrimental effect on these micro organisms and on greenhouse gas emissions. so we'll get to the microbes. how would a change during the science life cycle over to for us? and whether it's makes more sense to golf, just select it's 3 to maintain, the microscopes decides the

warranty is global. warming continues upon the frost mounts. what happens to the calvin stored in a natural state wetlands, up and off the the yes, he said left and he said i have with the ice the trapped here. we're looking at a very special component of this, of this even when that i smell this, well, the water flows off somewhere else that studies, i mean, this carbon might end up in the arctic ocean or in some other body of water out of it. and there are many different possibilities, and they probably don't need that a lot sale by the same fucking. yeah. so it's almost impossible to predict what will really happen. i'm a guest on the model for the northern permafrost fox, there are 3 possible scenarios in the 1st, the wetlands good even went to and for

a time become sources of me thing themselves as the ice within the mounts. the 2nd possibility is that the wetlands will dry out and release large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. the side option is that the bunks could become even more efficient to compound sinks that allow many of mazda production of bio mass and must see that's to say, plant growth increases in a warm climate. and that could accelerate the accumulation of pete cost with allowing plans out of the drive and produce even more plant through photo synthesis that pete and then binds a lot of carbon dioxide from the air, which would have a cooling effect. or regardless of scenario, regional situations very graphically. isla, much though in the state of more con,

siding matter, according to climate full cost and static rainfall in the northern latitudes, with increased by around 20 percent over the course of this century. this could of course, have a major impact, but the regional defense has a huge dollar. where is it? some regions control how the hell off as might become, even with the how this in town affects common levels will be really interesting to see if there was still a lot of research to be done to me. and in any case on 2 paintings are incredibly important in the global calvin cycle globe bodies he didn't get on the a low ball retreat at the university of helsinki. the soil samples from inside permafrost, mountains, uh, analyzed our base, the 10 for to now in, sorry,

so now it's so nice, 0 degrees c l. we saw that you guys 0 degrees, you go kind of low temperature, that lots of stuff it may take from the all this organic. so already even so those, it's 0 temperatures 0. i'm always coming out. yeah. okay. and the later we will increase the temperature from 5 degrees c and then 15 degrees c and the at this higher temperature, you will see that those last low on phone calls will be limited. much more that this low temperature laboratory simulates the melting of permafrost. isaac rooms, it's not just me saying that's released from the thousands of years old pete soil.

volatile organic compounds are set free to some of the interesting things. the simple. so for all this last year, we saw a lot of new things coming out of those. okay. so that could be something that weren't here. okay. and the interesting part is that the piece to us, it looks like the meeting was old. me saying it was not, not a new me saying that's form of it. so it's become active again. all right, but it looks as if the, the said anything was frozen in the soil. do you know, is it or why did it look like? oh, because interesting because because it came out very suddenly. so it was like a very sharp pulse. like me thing. volatile organic compounds kind of boom, the time it's one way that they do this is by forming small particles and creating a cloud. the general effects on the climate to volatile organic compounds and me

saying being released from time a frost have not yet been fully researched. it's hard to say because if they have, will me all fully impact because there is a balance between these 2. so we probably, we will more though these impacts later to know if eventually they have pulling all the hacked our climates and got the most government bottom off on maple hi, i guess on the sunday, no one can predict whether these gases will have a cooling or a warming effect while i meet them up because the process is in the atmosphere telling are so complex, especially. yeah, this is something of a pilot project. they told me that they had on the

trees were cut down at the ranch, can on coffee research site at the beginning of 2021. now in the summer, the aim is to measure the effect caused the deforestation here effected local greenhouse gas emissions. one thing that's clear from the outset last comment, accumulates in the soil of cleared areas. that's because there are no longer any trees to absorb the common through photo synthesis. so here's i understood that for photo synthesis because there are only very few plants here. neal, meaning that the sink effect diminishes considerably and then also at least at the beginning on academic logs, are still not presentation cost. with this, with the dilemma of how the organic method is the composed, this will very likely also change because there will be this. usually they can both have a car one and the car one will be less and less digestible for the microbes. so this

is, will be expressed in other words, off to complete deforestation. the sewing will binds less comp and then it once did . however, in the partially kid research area, virtually no changes in greenhouse gas emissions can be observed. fully understanding methane emissions will remain a challenge over the coming years. for methane, the we don't have answers from the last year sampling because the book, the real and that's produces and also the ones you meant for reside in deeper box over the profile. so now we are adding the deep of beats on planks to see where they are, how boom done, they are, and to the amount of methane is flowing, vault us. so however, we expect death to which the 3 is being got to what the table will arise and was rising to what the table, the my phone organic buck 30 out,

we'll get closer to the surface so that methane will have smaller box to escape the research project in ron's gland copy will continue for several years. only later will it be possible to say with any certainty whether planting new trees or this stablish in palm and in forest are a good way to reduce emissions. to settle on the quantities of meat, of what i'm interested in the next 3 to 5 years. and will show whether permanent forests can be the solution. here at this location, empirical evidence gathered here will then show us whether emissions are changing as their models have predicted to capacity the for me. and molly, i'm calling on i of you in the

spring 2021. the research team from the university of helsinki is in for a surprise pounds. a piece bound typical of permafrost areas, is best open in the scale, move on to bulk near c. okay? because that's i use the state people. yes. good idea. are we hitting ice? no, interested in here? no ice left at all. yeah. that's already a meter deep. so how's it so as they get out on the ssl say, say a lot about the lamp and image warming has occurred in the inner permafrost layer

sort. and he said, well, if we keep coming to measure it every year, we may yet see and collapse completely. it may be that the pulses life span has reached its end. and it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with global warming . it's complicated because one cracks like this appear, so everything collapses, a new one simply form again based on how long 56 years this now i want out, that'd be yes. if we measure here again and 5 years time, we'll see completely different things that the report published in august of 2021 by the into a governmental panel on climate change provides a cautious assessment of the relationship between pete lens and global warming. according to the report and the frost mounts and emissions from pete lens are

likely to accelerate global warming, the dollars is invalid and it almost the finally to set up the sod are really the only pcc report concludes. the release of methane from the permafrost is a very gradual process of mine, so there were none of them. so for me, thing problems that we've been hearing about. however, the process, it is significant items. that means it contributes to global warming stuff. because when the time the for us mountains, methane is released to medi setup process itself. let lisa l. i make the manual. am i stuck on? you could also lani method on a lot file to on this stuff. is that in my thought, i should perhaps be aware that it can also happen quite quickly on the if the pulses suddenly collapses ice, then a huge amount of methane can be released all at once. you log in, it takes a while for levels to normalize. again, but that's whether that's one or 2 percent on the stop or however much it is,

it doesn't matter if it definitely means by an increase on the current amount is that the, the guy can make that the 1st thing that happens here will have an impact all over the well facility and quote, this isn't a remote corner in that sense and that change is happening here. and then put notes on the effect of this region here the month, the postponed by the ever notion car himself, but you're more than have an impact on the global situation, belong this in the

human kind, accelerated global warming, the budget can also slow it down the soil 1800 is the top priority is preservation in these natural westland shouldn't be misused any longer or dining quite the opposite of on it. won't conservation program should be set top to ensure they remain on touched in for structures. so it does not place in wetland areas like that. factors that allow us to utilize the potential of nature. it can come by the same climate change down the road on the one or more both. and the i've had to say it almost amount of sense. sorry, on the, the message from science is clear. it's not to liked

the, it is still possible to support and strength from the wetlands, nature's comp and sinks down. in the other hand, it's something that have been neglected in the debate. so, so, so the concept of common things atlanta, when it comes to this topic, we tend to focus on the on for us do that. the wetlands are also excellent cove and rest of us include common things with the human intervention here. i mean could turn wetlands into more effective comp and things for the future. calm, be a healing the oh yeah, that's the level i sort of the

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