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simmons is i'm to tens of thousands of wetlands proportional to land mass. the country has more wetlands than any other on the planet. barriers to marietta tonnes thrives here in the woodlands. rich, natural beauty drove many visitors but the wetlands are also in bolton's from climate, the enormous amounts of comp and a stores here. some is locked in palm, a frost. the will depend on the frost amount. massive amounts of comp and would likely be released into the atmosphere, accelerating climate change. but it's not too late to yet. res to study suggest the

while these tools and wetlands may post right now or so, right? we don't put you in to take the, how much human kind work with the wetlands to come global climate change. the research group from the university of helsinki has arrived in killa busy all of a lapland in the fall, no the thing. and that hoping to discover whether the palm of frosty is already

melting multi effects that could have blown up. be sure to chime or the say settled way that's better and exciting flow only so on. if this is from one on the how feet is power, it's just ice. yeah. textbook, yes, we can use it for long drinks. no thought. i'm not when it feels like that. but that's good to talk a bit like it all this long term project is concentrated on palm across on that. so what we want to find out what process is this? that's all for that. now, let's see. the 1st contains huge amounts of mercury. another talk, same sort of this one is very useful kind of compounds and gas, is that, that costs we have a need that we want to know what can be released. so young,

i'm going to affect that would have on climate change. how do i give me the next? some of the components can cover stuff that we have to assume that it moves to the next on the right to tell it that's it that will develop. the also see it is desta and to stay in and the northern permafrost may contain hazards that are as yet unknown to us. the, in the summer of 2016 alarming news came from the yamaha of peninsula in north western side bay area. a young man had died of anne's rooms, the disease that had been eradicated from the regions 75 years. sonia the over 2000 reindeer, died from the disease. an additional 5 adults and 2 children were infected

and science was suspected to have sprained from a contaminated randy, a congress which lane frozen in the palm of frost for decades. subsequent studies revealed that an exceptionally warm summer had mounted large sections of permafrost . the full had apparently revived fiance, i expect to hear him which 1st infected animals then the reindeer herders. the seams 2016. no new answering outbreaks have been detected in yamma. the mounting is the time of froze times, however, tools damage to buildings it also releases carbon dioxide and missing both known ex underwriters of climate change.

the the arctic circle surrounds the noise power to the ground. here contains twice the amount of calvin that is found in the atmosphere in march, if it is stored in the arctic wetlands permafrost. the common a blessing and the cost without is that would be nose. i phone us at the same time, it's the cause of global warming. to greenhouse gases contain compound carbon dioxide. and me, st. is these 2 gases to contribute the most misfiring woman in nature comp and is in constant

circulation. the wetlands in northern europe play a key role in the comp and cycle. the yes, i was gonna say, oh my gosh, can you hold that? you might attack me think that he later thought that learning cause we want to understand how common cycles work in the science guys, i guess they don't take some of the site that's kind of across on the what else there was some wetlands and the launch wetlands so you'd be any, as, while away they are, we want to start the older interactions, you might with that kind of get that equal fund just to call them tight when it moves from one place to another. so now how does it easy to the wherever the comp and store have those here and walk through it saw so you got the how does it end up in the atmosphere? look, the more in the ocean, the last day that we set about,

do you want me to type out a maybe so don't really on what levels plan in place. there's no notes here in the nor does it so that it's also in the tropics, the vice, or for ricky like to go, us call them by when you have to go to effect. so climate, the small company stored in wetlands then in the entire planet. it's vegetation up to the oceans. wetlands of the us launch is comp and reservoirs so i thought he left the thought as eco systems, the wetlands absorb carbon from the atmosphere. sylvia, after the ice age, it was continuously drawn from the air, ethical, rusty, if there weren't any wetlands, the atmosphere would today be much richer and carbon. and with every wetland that's destroyed on a, from a carbon, gets released into the atmosphere. partially because the spa,

little study has been made of wetlands permafrost, so the possible effects of permafrost, mount a laundry, unknown data must be 9, focuses all of us. i'm assuming there's hardly any data from northern regents like this one was in gas measurements like these have only been undertaken in a very few places around the world to the state level. in our research thus far as been largely based on assumptions on the federal still up, it's got the last to exceed one hypothesis. as the climate warms, the ground becomes walter locked. you'll start, you get all the so last, that's them, it's nothing is the permafrost inside these mountains, now it becomes a puddle like this one here. these release a lot of methane, which is the potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. that's one possible scenario that we wind up with these expensive, what area is all about leaking methane into the atmosphere? it's stuck with on the estate of the

deep shoot me an e, and permafrost inside period has andre beginning to mount. some of the ancient frozen silence fine for the 1st time and 10000 years, but in its effects post traumatic stress for global warming. signs at the time of frosts melting have been upset level for some 20 years. now the images are assigned barriers collapsing, permafrost mountains stoked fee is as early as 2014 scientists concluded that the mounds were filled with me signed, which was being released from the melting permafrost. the pressure inside them had grown so great that it 1st opened the mountains and made on a crop, said, i didn't know if i had them. tell us why all these me think right to sign

a mile or a bit like st. cost yellow, which can be found around the well, i think the box in the permafrost platform, ice trucks, the minus $6.00 layer of frozen soil kid or when that mel on it, it's a bit like pulling the stopper out of a single water in it. first thing from the top, rushes out and leaving a crate to hunt by level on the bottom, i'll get more of done either. for the ever more studies, i have confirmed the melting at this time period. permafrost over the years initial assumptions become increasingly concrete. bike always have state not made any past it, oil, methane emissions can be locally quite high times and they can increase the effect is apparently not terribly significant. a of them now pull up all the americans, this dining of your left toys, statics status, stuff like this. not just let me see. yeah, nice, nice. now a macro fossil. what have you found? yeah, let's see. it looks like the bulk bean. how does it look in the middle menu?

n t savanna. right, so i thought, thoughts i, i'd also say it's many into the book being seen to sho get that means that it used to be very damp here. soft ground, not much undergrowth on the bottom of the seed. the scientist just found is several 1000 years old. it indicates that the landscape around this bulk must have once looked a very different under the sun, the beam, and then the last good that we drilled was mineral matter, not bog settlement at all the source at events. the so that's an old, there used to be some kind of a lake or a puddle, then, which was later filled, and then formed boggs. this is the way nature works is still wonderful. nothing is forever. see, i like this environment, look very different after the last i say about a okay, and it's about fix permafrost box a long time capsules. they help us study environmental and climate changes over

hundreds of thousands of years. seen a saw a year by year sheet accumulates in the swamp courses in southern and finland, the pete layer can be several meters, the side lobby, some. and in lapland we only have 2 meters of feet. that's assessment. the layers are a kind of time machine or dried them that record the whole history of the wetland mesa. scientists search through the lines of stratification for signs of temperature and humidity changes to knock out the help of the sailor mazda. so, you know, it's easy to see in the terrain. this is something happened at almost there. and often the changes appear as differences in color to see. and then when we bring the samples to the lab, we can see in more detail how the vegetation has changed across history, documented over the course of 10000 years old. there have been at least a couple of changes to the vegetation, which tells us about changes in the environment. that's the how may long the non

rita clear. we have a sample of about 50 centimeters from a blog and lapland and echo. we can clearly see changes in the composition of the pizza. this layer is perhaps a 1000 years old. down here we have a sour grasp agitation which grows in human conditions. at the same time with us. so have to say it's the most here we see a clear change in the 18th century say nobody has a kid with a student at that point during the little ice age calmer for us, begin developing incentives, condo, so on the surface of the ball, dried out or changing the vegetation completely. shrubs begin to spread out during that period. i guess it's daniela here on the far left the vegetation has changed once again. this layer reflects the situation at the extraction point and then the conditions we still have today. lucas moss is growing there, an indication that the environment has become more humid, again, pam,

or stomach 6. by adjusting the various layers, it is possible to make a rough, initial prediction of changes i had the same document. i also thought except by enough that i thought, if that's the alignment that we can see how the layers in the blog behaved at various times see look at it in general, say that carbon dioxide, along with warmer temperatures, who promotes the growth of p and, and the accumulation of carbon, but these forecasts do not take into account other aspects related to wetlands for now. so expensive changes and vegetation. things like res, thought code and law off of myers ball grove, fires to nice that are considered in these models. not without a lot of us to follow and i'm, is that both much more research is needed for that's one of them. and that's also at the. ready the

finland is a great place to study the wetlands effects on the climate. after a wetlands compress the finland and area of the size of point you called the functions from several ways being important to the fins. they provided food for

humans and animals as well as fuel. the heating finish focus on is filled with tiles of spirits, elves and dantes living in the westland. so it's no wonder then let's finish has thousands of ones. the different kinds of westland wetlands, 12 months fee and there's some predictable environments. a space between us and water being and beyond in the past, people were buried in this one night to waste was dumped down the know to box around like that. sometimes store common efficiently, one offers release it.

so i'm a 2nd release. i thought any last so to be there all over 100 different types of went out on finland alone. get it that the he just different in the way it's accumulates or a mix. common, so what do these with the kinds of bugs that release maintain into the atlas van? i'm atanya drive up to mount carmel accumulate to install cove and very efficient, make it to a name, visit the data data, edit devlin garcia, lot are still healed over ha, finland's wetlands, hoping, drained the goal, was to dry out the wetland soil, making it most suitable for forestry and agriculture, one such wetlands is around skill and copy in southern finland. the dense spruce forest was originally a woodland debunk. decades ago the wetlands were drained to support tree groves.

the ground water table was low at considerably. so what i'm is that a lot of similar for you to those ought to be let me read on. finally on. we're in a well trained whitland to present which is become common for finland, decala, according to the latest findings, this type of fee to use as a major source of emissions. the sewing of a drain, white gland forest produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and me saying at the same time the far as trees take in carbon dioxide from the yeah, that means a peter and forest stuff says both a source of emissions and does a common sink drains beat forest and pete fields on the last a significant source of the world wide emissions date, but you still most as much greenhouse gas emissions as deforestation. dance in the

asset to comp time to change. the wetlands have been matched as a point of focus. the draining of wetlands reduces bio diversity, wesson's water quality, and increases the risk of file. the carbon released from wetlands is bad for the climate. human intervention can however, impact just how much compound is released into the atmosphere. one go could be to strengthen the role of wetlands as comp and syncs. extract the file out at dawn, and now it's one option could be waiting on just duration. in finland, for instance, east the account, this wetlands have been trying to even trying them up, filed in 15 to 30 percent of cases. no forest has been able to grow and met. so instead of draining the wetlands, which is really that positive, natural quantities only not with restoration below the wetlands can begin to

function not turning again to time. so i'd like and once most thoughts, i'm solving colvin from the top boy, you say all gone towing? the a c and so a thought to say an email here, you don't like it has the restoring a white glove means returning it to a state as close as possible to its natural log. the ditches are filled, the water level rises. once the water has return to the correct level, pete begins to form again. compound is removed from the atmosphere, absorbed into the soil. the

period comes and they say it's good to be $75000000.00 o. and then we subtract, this was a pretty deep and that's only now give out in spring and then just do equity. but if it's a dry summer will be at around $120.00 minus the boss painburne scene of the people suffer. how you almost there. yeah. okay. me, of course, when the water level so low in around skill and copays, the effects of the various deforestation models on wetlands emissions of being investigated. the aim is to raise the water level in a controlled manner so that the forest remains viable. as a result, carbon dioxide emissions will also decrease. however, the water level must not rise to high a. yes, the vision one is a 100 percent water rose right to the surface of methane would be released as i

need. the goal is to maintain groundwater at a depths of about $20.00 to $30.00 centimeters squared. doesn't release methane last se, i hope the yeah, new ga, sufficient aerobic surface layer can prevent methane emissions limits on the fastest. the researchers measure of the carbon dioxide india, the methane present in the soil, changes in vegetation, the ground water levels, and the circulation of liquids in the trees. they track the liquid flowing through the trees to find out how they react to filing fluctuations in the ground water levels. metal tests at the cox onboard. yeah. yeah. i mean, he had a, i said we have 2 sensors here in mind measuring 2 different things for the height of the front sensor shows the degree of, of operation and the word. yeah, the measurements isn't very accurate, but it's better than nothing said this sensor on the left gives us information about photo synthesis. so can have sugar is transported via the flow m to the

places where the tree needs it for growth, the routes on the trunk, concession order storing at all possible. okay, i'll show who the tonic with this one as well. place to maybe even if it's better what i me on this one. yeah, yes. the plates fixed on straight the pipes. good. intrude? well, thanks in photo synthesis. trees. extract carbon dioxide from the changes in the water table can disrupt the process. us? no, not. so it goes, there's them, it's just one methodologies, bug eco systems. i paint forests are controlled by water to a certain extent of it. and the greenhouse gas emissions depend largely on the water table take them up as well as on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by the trees, such as the ground water level is especially high water trees run into problems with their water intake lot best. they can struggle when it's too, let's look at

a st. mary's spell. it also test the movement and circulation of greenhouse gases attract using automatically operated chambers and measuring devices attached to my god. through the load up, the box is placed slowly over the ground. then the chambers, he'll go to the law, say that it then measures whether there's a gas source in the ground. and we'll go from that. if, if there is a gas level inside the chamber gradually increases on the same at that, that's w, distract the gases from the box and look for concentration increases. so let me just to see what it was a minute gain from that we can calculate the flow speed a that was through last. as an nope out of the last 4. we have a chunk research team has come to ron's can on co pay to investigate the

impact of deforestation on westland emissions. so that's why we try to study the same kinds of management, the removal of all 3 or removal of selected 3 and how this affects scar. motorcycling kind of micro ps in the soil. we have this sites in the right. there's columbia in your, my name's little by now and feeling this money welfare thing because we need some, a set thing with a glance and with a specific mega station or the presence of the 4 large box of the more l for us. so if we just look at the threes around our, of our baseball and decide that the house of them are taken on how many of them are less, i think for all, for us it would be better to harvest, slight blue, less than because the other harvest thing in that is it, these are i don't have the 1st time. so maybe just around our side we go a little bit more, 3, yes. and went around. you can take as much as you,

as you like, material and funky the decompose pont and animal material. affect the production of carbon dioxide and me saying in the soil when trees are caught down, it has a detrimental effect on these micro organisms and on greenhouse gas emissions. so we'll get to the microbes. how would a change during the science life cycle over to, for us? and whether it's makes more sense to golf, just select it's 3 to maintain the microscopes at the site. the once he's global,

warming continues upon the frost mounts. what happens to the calvin stored in a natural state wetlands, up and off the the yes, he said left and he said i who is the ice, the trapped here. we're looking at a very special component of this, of this even when that i smell this, well, the water flows off somewhere else that studies, i mean, this carbon might end up in the arctic ocean or in some other body of water out of it. and there are many different possibilities, and they probably don't need the sale by the same fucking. yeah. so it's almost impossible to predict what will really happen. i'm a guest on the model for the northern permafrost fox, there are 3 possible scenarios in the 1st, the wetlands good even went to and for a time become sources of me thing themselves as the ice within the mounts.

the 2nd possibility is that the wetlands will dry out and release large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. the side option is that the bunks could become even more efficient. compound sinks the bell, i mean even most of the production of bio mass. and let's see, that's just a plant growth increases in a warm climate and that could accelerate the accumulation of people the cost with allowing plans out of the drive and produce even more plant through photo synthesis that pete and then binds a lot of carbon dioxide from the air, which would have a cooling effect, or regardless of scenario, regional situations, very graphically. isla, my still in no state, i move on side of medical coatings, climate full costs inside of rainfall in the northern mex tooth will increase by

around 20 percent over the course. of a century, this could of course have a major impact, but the regional defense has a huge dollar. where is it? some regions control how the while others might become even what the, how this in town affects common levels will be really interesting to see that there was still a lot of research to be done. it doesn't mean in any case on to paint guns are incredibly important in the global calvin cycle globe, obviously the items, the level retreat to the university of helsinki. the soil samples from inside permafrost, mountains, uh, analyzed our base, the temperature now in storage. so now it's

so nice, 0 degree. see when we saw that you had 0 degrees, you go kind of a low temperature that lots of stuff it may take from the all these organic comes on. so already even so those, it's 0 temperatures zeros. i'm always coming out, okay, and the later we will increase the temperature till 5 degrees c, and then 15 degrees. and the at this higher temperature, you will see that those are less low on phone calls will be emulated much more. that this low temperature laboratories simulates the melting of permafrost. the as it rooms. it's not just me saying that's released from the thousands of years old pete soil, volatile organic compounds,

a set free to some of the interesting things, the simple. so for all this last year, we saw a lot of new things coming out of those. okay. so that would be something that weren't here. okay. and the interesting part is that the piece to us, it looks like the meeting was old. me saying it was not, not a new me saying that's form of this so it's become active again. all right. but it looks as if the, the says nice and was frozen in the soil. how do you know, is it or why did it look like? oh, because interesting, because because it came out very suddenly. so it was like a very sharp pulse, like me thing. volatile organic compounds kind of boom the time it's one way that they do this is by forming small particles and creating a cloud. the general effects on the climate to volatile organic compounds and me saying being released from time a frost have not yet been fully researched. it's hard to say because if they

have, will me all fully impact because there is a balance between these 2. so we probably, we will more though these impacts later to know if eventually they have pulling all the hacked our climates and got the most government bottom off on maple hi, i guess on the sunday, no one can predict whether these gases will have a cooling or a warming effect while i mean, because the process is in the atmosphere telling are so complex. yeah, this is something of a pilot project that you're telling me some if they hit on the trees were cut down at the ranch, can on copy research site at the beginning of 2021. now in the summer,

the aim is to measure the effect as the deforestation here affected local greenhouse gas emissions. one thing that's clear from the outset last compound accumulates in the soil of cleared areas. that's because there are no longer any trees to absolve the calvin through photosynthesis. so here's, i understood that for photos, synthesis, because they're only very few plants here. neil, meaning that the sink effect diminishes considerably. and then also at least at the beginning on academic ones, there's still no presentation cost with this. what the dilemma how the organic matter is the composed. this will very likely also change because there will be this. usually they can both have a card one and the card one will be less and less digestible for the microbes. so this is, will be x by or in other words,

off to complete deforestation. the soil binds less comp and then it once did. however, in the partially kid research area, virtually no changes in greenhouse gas emissions can be observed. fully understanding methane emissions will remain a challenge over the coming years. for methane, the we don't have answers from the last year sampling because the book, the real and that's produces and also the ones you meant for reside in deeper box over the profile. so now we are adding the deep beats on plank to see where they are, how boom done. they are, and to the amount of methane is flowing, galt, uh so however, we expect that the, with the threes being stopped, the width of the table will arise. and was rising to what the table, the my phone will get a book 30 out, we'll get closer to the surface so that methane will have smaller box to escape.

the research project in ron's gland copy will continue for several years. only later will it be possible to say with any certainty whether planting new trees or this stablish in palm and in forest are a good way to reduce emissions. to settle on the quantities of meat, of what i'm interested in the next 3 to 5 years. and will show whether permanent forests can be the solution. here at this location, empirical evidence gathered here will then show us whether emissions are changing as our models have predicted to capacitance in the product for me. and my lim calling to allow you in the

spring 2021. the research team from the university of helsinki is in for a surprise. upon set a piedmont, typical of permafrost areas, is best open in the scale, move out of bulk near c. okay? because coupled outside i used to stick with people. yes. good idea. are we hitting ice? no, interested in here? no ice left at all? yeah. that's already a meter deep. so how's it so stick it out on the ssl say so. see a lot about the lamp and image warming has occurred in the inner permafrost layer sort. and he said, well, if we keep coming to measure it every year, we may yet see and collapse completely. it may be that the pulses life span has

reached its end, and it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with global warming. it's complicated because one cracks like this appear. so everything collapses. a new one simply form again based on how long? 56 years this now i want out. that'd be yes. if we measure here again and 5 years time, we'll see completely different things. southern us the records published in august the 2021 by the intake of a mental panel on climate change provides a cautious assessment of the relationship between pete lens and global warming. according to the report and the frost mounts and emissions from pete lens are likely to accelerate global warming, the

dialysis then valley and then it almost the finally to set up a lot of the side or the or if the only pcc report concludes the release of me thing from the permafrost is a very gradual process and mine, so there were none of them. so for me, sign volumes that we've been hearing about it. however, the process is significant and understanding is it contributes to global warming. because when the time the frost mountains may assignments release, the medicaid setup process itself let loose out. i make the amount 8 am i stuck on it or that's aligning mcdonny. i'm about to on this stuff is that we must, i should perhaps be aware that it can also happen quite quickly on the if the pulses suddenly collapses ice, then a huge amount of methane can be released all at once. it takes a while for levels to normalize again, but that's whether that's one or 2 percent on the stuff or however much it is, it doesn't matter if it definitely means by an increase on the current amount is

that the, the guy can make that the 1st thing that happens here will have an impact on the well facility and quote, this isn't a remote corner in that sense, and that change is happening here. and then put notes on the effect this region here, the month, the postpone by the evolution cartons. i'll have an impact on the global situation, belong this the

human kind as to accelerated global warming, but it can also slow it down. the soil 1800 is the top priority is presentation. and these natural westland shouldn't be misused, and the long gospel dining quite the opposite of on it won't conservation programs should be set top to ensure they remain on touched him for structures. so it does not place in wetland areas like that. factors that allow us to utilize the potential of nature. this can combine climate change down the road on the home or both. and the i've had to say it almost amount of sense. sorry, on the the message from science is clear. it's not too light the, it is still possible to support and strength from the wetlands,

nature's comp and sinks down. in the other hand, it's something that have been neglected in the debate. so, so, so the concept of common things atlanta, when it comes to this topic, we tend to focus on the on forest is that the wetlands are also excellent cove and rest of us include common things with the human intervention here. i mean, could ton wetlands and to more effective compensates for the future. com be a here in the yellow? yeah. that's the level i sort of the

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