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cindy and is home to tens of thousands of woodlands proportional to land mass. the country has more wickland than any other on the planet. there is the marietta tom's right here in the woodlands. rich natural beauty drove many visits the but the wetlands are also in bolton's from climate. the in numerous amounts of comp, in a store to use. some is locked in palm, a frost, the will depend or for us to mount massive amounts of comp and would likely be released into the atmosphere. it celebrating climate change.

but it's not too late. the recent studies suggest that while these goals and wetlands may pose trends fail or so, right, we don't put you in to take the, how much human kind work with the wetlands to come global climate change. the research group from the university of helsinki has arrived in killer busy all of

a lapland in the fall, no the thing, and that hoping to discover whether the permafrost is already melting multi effects, that could have blown up. be sure to chime or i say subtleties. that's better exciting while only so on. if this is from one of the how fetus power both, it's just ice. yeah. the textbook. yes it we can use it for long drinks. no thought . i'm not when it feels like that. but that's good because of the companies cuz i get all this long term project is concentrated on time across all not. so what we want to find out what process is this? that's all for that. now, let's say a 100 for us contains huge amounts of mercury, another talk sams, this one is very useful kind of compounds and gas estate that costs we on

a need. we want to know what could be released to young. i'm with effect that would have on climate change. how do i give me the next? some of the components can cover the we have to assume that it moves to the next on the right to it until it does say that what about all the stuff in this day and, and the northern permafrost, may contain hazards that are as yet unknown to us the in the summer of 2016 alarming news came from the yamaha peninsula in north western side bay area. a young man had died of ounce ranks the disease that had been eradicated from the region 75 years. sonia the over 2000 reindeer, died from the disease. an additional 5 adults and 2 children were infected.

the contracts was there's bank to, to have spread from a contaminated randy, a congress which lane frozen in the permafrost, the decades subsequent studies revealed that an exceptionally warm summer had mounted large sections of permafrost. the full had apparently revived the i'm frank, frank terry, which 1st infected animals, then the reindeer herders, the seems. 2016, no new answering outbreaks of being detected in yamma the. the mounting is a ton of phones times, however, tools damage to buildings it also releases carbon dioxide and me sang both known accelerators of climate change.

the the arctic circle surrounds the noise power to the ground. here contains twice the amount of carbon that is found in the atmosphere in march, if it is stored in the arctic wetlands permafrost. the compound a blessing, and the cost without is that would be known as i phone us. at the same time, it's the cause of global warming. to greenhouse gases contain compound carbon dioxide. and me, st. is these 2 gases to contribute the most, most ferric warming in nature comp and is in constant

circulation. the wetlands in northern europe play a key role in the comp and cycle yes, i was gonna say my back in was for you hold on, not a document that he later thought that i think we, we want to understand how common cycles work in the science guys, i guess they don't take somebody's eyes, that's kind of a for us. i mean, what else? there was some wetlands on the launch wetlands, so it be any, as while away they are, we will just start the older interactions you might have with that kind of get that equal phone just to call them tight when it moves from one place to another. so now how does a to the, wherever the comp and store have those here and walk through it saw since you got

the, how does it end up in the atmosphere? hamilton more in the ocean, the last day that we spent about doing the dive ultimately. so i don't really what, and i was planning posters. no, not here in the, nor is it. so it's also in the tropics, the vice for regulating us call them by when you only get them to fact. so climate, [000:00:00;00] the small company stored in wetlands then in the anti opponents vegetation, up to the oceans. wetlands of the us launch is comp and reservoirs so i thought he left the thought as eco systems, the wetlands absorb carbon from the atmosphere. sylvia, after the ice age, it was continuously drawn from the air, ethical, rusty, if there weren't any wetlands, the atmosphere would today be much richer and carbon. and with every wetland that's

destroyed on the form of carbon gets released into the atmosphere across the be the spa, little study has been made of wetland permafrost, so the possible effect of permafrost melt, alonzo, the unknown data must be 9, focuses all of us. i'm assuming there's hardly any data from northern regions like this one was in the gas measurements like these have only been undertaken in a very few places around the world level in our research thus far as been largely based on assumption and then the federal still up it's got the last to exceed one hypothesis. as the climate warms, the ground becomes walter locked. yes though you get all the so last, that's them, it's nothing is the permafrost inside these mountains, now it becomes a puddle like this one here. these release a lot of methane, which is the potent of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. that's one possible scenario that we wind up with these expensive,

what area is all about leaking methane into the atmosphere? is that cool for sure? if vanya state of the e. c. medium permafrost in siberia has apparently been coming to now some of the agent frozen silas fine for the 1st time in 10000 years and its effects post traumatic stress for global warming signs at the time of frosts melting have been observable for some 20 years. now the images of siberia is collapsing permafrost. mounds stoked fee is as early as 2014 scientists concluded that the mounds were filled with me signed, which was being released from the melting permafrost. the pressure inside them

had grown so great that it 1st opened the mountains made on a cobb said i didn't know if i had them. tell us why all these me think right to sign a mile or a bit like st. cost yellow, which can be found around the well i think the box in the permafrost platform, ice clocks the minor effect layer of frozen. so i'll get out of when that mel line and it's a bit like pulling the stopper out of the sink. and 1st name from the top, rushes out in this, leaving a crate to hunt bilateral labor. drop out of us get more of done at the pool via the ever more studies have confirmed the melting at this time period time a frost over the years. initial assumptions become increasingly concrete by going to state, not them right down the past. that boil, leasing an emissions can be locally quite high times and they can increase the effect is apparently not terribly significant. a of them now pull up all the americans,

this dining of the left or statics. sadler stuff like this. not just let me see. yeah. nice, nice. now a macro fossil. what have you found? the seed? it looks like the bulk bean. how does it look in the middle menu? n t savanna. right, so i thought, thoughts i, i'd also say it's a mini, into a book being seen to sho get that means that it used to be very damp here. soft ground, not much undergrowth on the bottom of the seed, the scientist just found it's several 1000 years old. it indicates that the landscape around this bulk must have once looked very different under the sun, the beam. and then the last good that we drilled was, mineral matter, not bogs, settlement at all the source at events the. and that's an old, there used to be some kind of a lake or a puddle then, which was later filled. because then form to box it. so this is the way nature works is that a lot of so nothing is forever see i like this environment look very different

after the last. i say i've got a goodness, emetics, permafrost box a long time capsules that help us study environmental and climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years. cigna saw a year by year sheet accumulates in the swamp courses in southern and finland. the pete layer can be several meters, these and what they, some and in loveland we only have 2 meters of feet. that's assessment. the layers are kind of time machine or dried them that record the whole history of the wetlands. myself. scientists search through the lions of stratification for signs of temperature and humidity changes to knock out the prospects, the mazda. so, you know, it's easy to see in the terrain. this is something happened in honestly there. and often the changes appear as differences in color to see. and then when we bring the samples to the lab, we can see in more detail how the vegetation has changed across history,

documented over the course of 10000 years old. there have been at least a couple of changes to the vegetation, which tells us about changes in the environment. that's the mainland, non rita c'mere. we have a sample of about 50 centimeters from a blog and lapland. luckily, we can clearly see changes in the composition of the pizza. this layer is perhaps a 1000 years old. down here we have a sour grasp agitation which grows in human conditions. at the same time with us, we'll have to say here we see a clear change in the 18th century and nobody has it. all of a sudden at that point during the little ice age called humor for us, begin developing in fennel scanned yes. so on the surface of the bod, dried out to changing the vegetation completely. shrubs begin to spread out during that period. i guess it's daniela here on the far left the vegetation has changed. once again. this layer reflects the situation at the extraction point and then the

conditions we still have today. lucas moss is growing there. an indication that the environment has become more humid. again, p a mom or stomach 6. by observing the various layers, it is possible to make a rough, initial prediction of changes i had to say like him. and then i also thought that by next i thought that that's the alignment that we can see how the layers in the blog behaved at various times. so you look at it in general, say that carbon dioxide, along with warmer temperatures, promote the growth of p and, and the accumulation of carbon. but these forecasts do not take into account other aspects related to wetlands for now. so extensive changes and vegetation, things like res, talk or the off of myers bod grove, fires to nice that are considered in these models. not with on the bottom as the following is that both much more research is needed for. that's one of them. and

that's also at the. ready the . ready the finland is a great place to study the wetlands effects on the climates after a wetlands compress the finland. an area of the size of point you called

the functions from several ways being important to the fins. they provided food for humans and animals as well as fuel. the heating finish focus on is filled with tiles of spirits, elves and dantes living in the westland. so it's no wonder then that finish has thousands of ones, but different kinds of westland wetlands. small ones fit, there's unpredictable environments. a space between us and water being and beyond in the past, people were buried in the swamp. later waste was dump that. ready

no 2 bunks are alike that sometimes storm common efficiently, while others release it. so in a 2nd release i thought any last, so what do you, they're all over $100.00 different types of what not understanding the loan, get it that, that the heat each is different and the way it's accumulates or a mix common. so what do these with all kinds of bugs that release maintained into the atlas van, i make the drive up to mountains, the accumulates and store, call them very efficiently to name music, to get a diet. edit. devlin garcia, lot are still healed. overhaul finland's wetlands hoping, drained the goal, was to dry out the wetland soil, making it most suitable for forestry and agriculture. one such wetlands is around skill on colby in southern finland.

the dense spruce forest was originally a woodland bulk. decades ago, the wetlands were drained to support tree groves. the ground floor of the table was lowered considerably. that's what i'm saying. i similar for you the ability to on finally on we're in a well trained whitland to present which has become common for finland, decala you. and according to the latest findings, this type of piece is a major source of emissions. the sewing of a drained white gland forest produces greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and me saying at the same time the far as trees take in carbon dioxide from the yeah, that means a peter and forest suvs as both a source of emissions. and as a common sink drains pete forests and pete fields on the last,

a significant source of the world wide emissions date. but you've still most as much greenhouse gas emissions as deforestation. dance in the asset to cause climate change. the wetlands have been much as a point of focus the draining of wetlands reduces bio diversity. wesson's water quality increases the risk of file the carbon released from wetlands is bad for the climate. human intervention can however, impact just how much compound is released into the atmosphere. one go could be to strengthen the role of wetlands as comp and sinks except to fall out at dawn. and always one option could be witnesses restoration in finland, for instance, east the account. this wetlands have been trying to even trying them up,

filed in 15 to 30 percent of cases. no forest has been able to grow and met so you can stay on. the draining the wetlands, which is really the positive, not true quantities. i mean with restoration below the wetlands can begin to function. i'm not trying to get the time slot. i can ones, most thoughts. i'm solving colvin from the atmosphere. stop, boy, you say all gone towing? the a c and so a thought to say an email here you want my guests restoring a white glove means returning it to a state as close as possible to its natural. once the dishes are filled, the water level rises. once the water has return to the correct level, pete begins to form again. compound is removed from the atmosphere absorbed into the soil,

the best comes and they said the $75000000.00 o and then we subtract. this was a pretty deep and that's only now give out in spring and then just to equity. if it's a dry summer will be at around $122.00 minus the bus came by. so, you know, people suffer how you almost any, ask me, of course, when the water level so low in around skill and copays, the effects of the various deforestation models on wetlands emissions of being investigated. the aim is to raise the water level in a controlled manner so that the forest remains viable. as a result, carbon dioxide emissions will also decrease. however,

the water level must not rise to high a. yes, the vision one is a 100 percent. water rose, right to the surface of methane, would be released to if i need, the goal is to maintain groundwater at a depths of about $20.00 to $30.00 centimeters where it doesn't release methane. i say i have the yeah, new ga, sufficient aerobic surface layer can prevent methane emissions limits on the fastest the researchers measure of the carbon dioxide india, the methane present in the soil changes in vegetation, the ground water levels and the circulation of liquids in the trees they track the liquid flowing through the trees to find out how they'd react to filing until fluctuations in the ground water levels. metal tests at the cocks onboard. yeah. yeah. i mean the heel fatty acid. we have 2 sensors here in mind measuring 2 different things for the height of the fun sensor shows the degree of, of operation and the word. yeah, the measurements isn't very accurate,

but it's better than nothing said this sensor on the left gives us information about photo synthesis. so can have sugar is transported via the flow him to the places where the tree needs it for growth, the roots and the trunk of your orders, thawing at all costs. what tokyo, so who the tonic with this one as well place to maybe even if it's better what i me on this one. yeah. yeah. so the plates fixed on straight the pipes. good. intrude? well, thanks in photo synthesis. trees extract carbon dioxide from the changes in the water table can disrupt the process or no, not. so of course there's them. it's just one methodologies bogged ecosystems. paint forests are controlled by water, so to a certain extent of it and the greenhouse gas emissions depend largely on the water table take them up as well as on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by the trees.

it is the ground water level is especially high water trees run into problems with their water intake. so lot besta can struggle when it's to, let's look at a st. mary's spelt also test the movement in circulation of greenhouse gases attract using automatically operated chambers and measuring devices attached to my god. through the load up, the box is placed slowly over the ground, then the chambers, he'll go to the law, say that it then measures whether there's a gas source in the ground. and we'll go from that. if, if there is a gas level inside, the chamber gradually increases on the same at the best of the extract, the gas is from the box and look for concentration increases. so let me just to see what it was a minute gain from that we can calculate the flow speed

a that was through last. as an nope out of the last 4. we have a check research team has come to ron's can on co pay to investigate the impact of deforestation on westland admissions. so it's 5, we try to study the same kinds of management though remover off all 3 or remove all of selected threes. and how this affects cardboard, cycling, kind of micro ps into soil. we have this sites in right, this columbia, in your, my name's slow by now and to feeling this very well for thing because we need some, a set thing with will glance and with a specific mega station or i present thought the 4 large box of the more l for us. so if we just look at the threes around our body shop and decide that the house of them are taken and how you know them are less. i think for all, for us it means that the to harvest slightly less than because the other harvest

thing in that is that these are add ons up the 1st time. so maybe just around our side we go less a little bit more. 3. yes. and went around, you can take as much as you, as you like 90 area and funky the decompose pond and animal material affect the production of carbon dioxide and me saying in the soil when trees are caught down, it has a detrimental effect on these micro organisms and own greenhouse gas emissions. so we'll get to the microbes. how would a change during the site life cycle over to for us? and whether it's makes more sense to golf, just select it's 3 to maintain the microbes,

decides the warranty is global. warming continues. and upon the frost mounts, what happens to the calvin stored in a natural state wetlands up and off the balance of light? yeah, she said, let me say i who is the ice, the trapped here. we're looking at a very special component of this. a visit meant when that i smell this, well, the water flows off somewhere else that studies, i mean, this carbon might end up in the arctic ocean or in some other body of water out of it. and there are many different possibilities, and they probably don't need that at a loss. the advice, the best and lucky are exposed, almost impossible to predict what will really happen, i'm guess, the, the, for the northern permafrost fox, there are 3 possible scenarios in the 1st,

the wetlands good even went to and for a time become sources of me. thing themselves as the ice within the mounts. the 2nd possibility is that the wetlands will dry out and release large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. the side option is that the bunks could become even more efficient to compound sinks the bell. i mean even much the production of bio mass and let's see, that's just a plant growth increase is in a warm climate and that could accelerate the accumulation of people the cost with allowing plans out of the drive and produce even more plant through photosynthesis that pete and then binds a lot of carbon dioxide from the air, which would have a cooling effect of the, regardless of scenario,

regional situations, very graphically. isla, my still in those data move gone side of medical, according to climate full costs inside of rainfall. in the northern latitudes, with increased by around 20 percent over the course of this century. this could of course have a major impact. but the regional defense has a huge dollar. where is it? some regions control how the while off as might become even what the, how this in town affects common levels will be really interesting to see if there is still a lot of research to be done. it doesn't mean in any case on to paint guns are incredibly important in the global calvin cycle globe, obviously, the level retreat at the university of helsinki. the soil samples from inside

permafrost, mountains, uh, analyzed our base, the temperature now in, sorry. so now it's so nice, 0 degrees c. well we saw that you had 0 degrees, you go kind of a low temperature that lots of stuff it may take from the all these organic compounds. so already even so those, it's 0 to 0. i'm always coming out. yeah. okay. and the later we will increase the temperature to 5 degrees c and then 15 degrees c and the, at this higher temperature, you will see that those last lot on ponds will be imaging. much more that this low temperature laboratory simulates the melting of permafrost,

the as it rooms. it's not just me saying that's released from the thousands of years old pete solely on volatile organic compounds. a set free to some of the interesting things, the simple. so for all this last year, we saw a lot of new things coming out of those. okay. so that would be something that weren't here. okay. and the interesting part is that the piece to us, it looks like the me thing was old me saying it was not, not a new me saying it's for him to. so it's become active again. all right. but it looks as if the, the says nice and was frozen in the soil. how do you know, is it, well, why did it look like? oh, because interesting because because it came out very suddenly. so it was like a very sharp pulse. like me thing. volatile organic compounds kind of boom, the time it's one way that they do this is by forming small particles and creating

a cloud. the general effects on the climate to volatile organic compounds and me saying being released from time of frost have not yet been fully researched. it's hard to say because if they have well, me all for the impact because there is a balance between these 2. so we probably, we will more though these impacts and later to know if eventually they have pulling all the hacked our climates and got the most government bottom off on april high, i guess on the sunday, no one can predict whether these gases will have a cooling or a warming effect while i made them up because the process is in the atmosphere telling are so complex garcia. this is something of a pilot project that you told me that they had on

the trees were cut down at the ranch, can on copy research site at the beginning of 2021. now in the summer, the aim is to measure the effect as the deforestation here are effected local greenhouse gas emissions. one thing that's clear from the outset last compound accumulates in the soil of cleared areas. that's because there are no longer any trees to absolve the calvin through photo synthesis. so here's, i understood that for photo synthesis because they're only very few plants here. neil, meaning that the sink effect diminishes considerably. and then also at least at the beginning on academic logs, are still not a bunch of taishan cost with this. what the dilemma of how the organic method is, the compost this will likely also change because there will be this. usually they can both have a car one and the car one will be less and less die,

just simple for the microbes. so this is will be expressed in other words, off to complete deforestation. the sony will binds less comp and then it once did. however, in the partially kid research area, virtually no changes in greenhouse gas emissions can be observed. fully understanding methane emissions will remain a challenge over the coming years or methane. we don't have answers from the last year sampling because the book, the real that's produces and also the ones you meant for reside in deeper box over the profile. so now we are adding the deep beats on plank to see where they are, how boom done they are, and what the amount of methane is flowing, galt. uh so, however, uh, we expect that the, with the threes being stopped,

the table will arise and was rising to the table. the, my phone will get it, book 30 out, we'll get closer to the surface so that methane will have smaller box to escape. the research project in rand scanned copy will continue for several years. only later will it be possible to say with any certainty whether planting new trees or this stablish in permanent forest, are a good way to reduce emissions or so on. quantities of eat, of what i'm going west or next 3 to 5 years, and we'll show whether permanent forests can be the solution. here at this location, empirical evidence gathered here will then show us whether emissions are changing as their models have predicted to capacity. and the problem for me, and while i'm gone on i of you in

the spring 2021. the research team from the university of helsinki is in for a surprise upon such a piedmont, typical of permafrost areas as best open in the scale, move on to bulk near c. okay. so do i use the stick people? yes, good idea. are we hitting ice? no interested in here, no ice left at all. yeah. that's already a meter deep. so how's it so to take it out on the ssl say, say a lot about the lamp and image warming has occurred in the inner permafrost layer.

so what i me said, well, if we keep coming to measure it every year, we may yet see and collapse completely. it may be that the pulses life span has reached its end. and it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with global warming . it's complicated because when corrects like this appear, so everything collapses, a new one simply form again based on how long 56 years this 91. does that mean? yes. if we measure here again and 5 years time, we'll see completely different things. the most of the reports published in august of 2021 by the into a governmental panel on climate change provides a cautious assessment of the relationship between pete lens and global warming.

according to the reports and the frost mounts and emissions from pete lens are likely to accelerate global warming, the dialysis then valley and then it almost the finally to setup the side or the only the only pcc report concludes the release of me thing from the permafrost is a very gradual process and mine, so there were none of them. so for me, thing volumes that we've been hearing about. however, the process of his significant items that he's had contributions to global warming . because when permafrost mountains, methane is released into medicaid setup process itself let loose out, i make the amount 8 am i stuck on it, or that's aligning mcdonny of about 2 on this stuff. is that in my thought, i should perhaps be aware that it can also happen quite quickly. now, if the pulses suddenly collapses ice, then a huge amount of methane can be released all at once. you log in, it takes a while for levels to normalize. again,

that's whether that's one or 2 percent on the stop or however much it is, it doesn't matter if it definitely means by an increase on the current amount. is that the, the guy give me that? that is not the 1st thing that happens will have an impact all over the well facility and quote, this isn't a remote corner in that sense and not, not change is happening here on the notes on the effect, this region here, the month, the postponed by the ever notion car and so that you're more than have an impact on

the global situation. the long distance, the human kind, accelerated global warming, the budget can also slow it down. the soil on the top priority is presentation. and these natural wetlands shouldn't be misused any longer. or dining quite the opposite of on a small conservation program should be set top to ensure if they remain on touched in for structures. so it does not place in wetland areas like the factors that allow us to utilize the potential of nature. it can come by the same climate change down the road on the lower number or ma, both and the fact that the say it almost a mode of sense darling's the,

the message from science is clear. it's not too late. the it is still possible to support and strength from the wetlands, nature's comp and sinks down. in the other hand, it's something that have been neglected in the database which that most of the concept of common things atlanta, when it comes to this topic, we tend to focus on the on forest is that the wetlands are also excellent club and rest of us include common things with the human intervention here, i mean, could turn wetlands into more effective comp and things for the future. calm b a here in the yellow. yeah. mesquite level,

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