promising more substantial aid for ukraine and the prospect of membership eventually. but another nuclear superpower is looming, large at the meeting. china is seen as one of russia's main enablers and the war against ukraine. but also as a major agent of the stabilisation in the, in the pacific as why nato has sought to strength and partnerships with democratic nations in the region. china is wanting was on ease as australia, new zealand to japan, and south korea, got a seat at the table and accuses nato stoking confrontation on nicole relation, berlin and this is the day the we'll continue to deepen ties with our global partners, especially in the, in the pacific we certainly oppose nato breaking away from its positioning as a regional and defensive organization and going to need the pacific to start of

conflict. i know that we're all troubled by china support for including for war against you, frank. the war in ukraine demo sites our, our security is interlink because north korea is actually one of the main providers of the military support of i'm a nation, a to the restaurant. i would like to reconfirm that the, your atlantic and pacific security environments are inseparable. people also on the day a heat wave warning and places around the world's dr. stress. the importance of cooling off of all extreme weather conditions heats, is the most deadly. a lots of water, lots of drinks, and we just hang out in the pool. i have an umbrella drinking, lots of water, also some scream. and yeah, cold beer. like how do you guys counteract in the drinking the dehydration? i drink more beer. welcome to the show

us on your team leader saying ukraine is on an irreversible path to nato membership . their meeting on the 2nd day of the alliance of 75th anniversary summit in washington, the warranty crane. and the question of further military and financial support for keith has dominated discussion so far. secretary general and stilton rex says it's only a matter of time until ukraine joins nato. lars agree that your brain will become a member. uh, but it's too early to say exactly when that will happen. what i can say is that we are moving together. we do train your train closer and closer to a need to membership membership out of reach. for now, a brand new president will let them use the lensky is after so much to make the case for the delivery of more western weapons. you're welcome to an announcement from the u. s. the netherlands and denmark that f. 16 fighter jets are on their way

to ukraine. and finally, other non members and washington includes the leaders of japan, south korea strangely and new zealand before. countries are keen to strengthen ties with the alliance. they've long been concerned about china's growing military strength and territorial ambitions. and it's growing close to mr. russia. though we use i like sandra phenomena, reports of their limitless friendship is giving need to a headache. china has become a vital partner for russia as it tries to soften the impact of wisdom sanctions bridging says it's doesn't supply most comb with weapons, but to need to have the cues. china of building up precious war machine by providing critical components. russia, getting the support from china is as separate general said, a huge difference maker right now on the battlefield. and for china to report to have a better relations with countries in europe. while fueling this, what i believe is the biggest threat and what your opinions believe. so the biggest

part of the security since the end of the cold war does not add up. the alliance has to additionally focus on the trans atlantic area, but in its latest strategic concept, nato describes china emissions as a challenge to its security. they think already have the 2nd biggest economy in the world. and the numbers, the biggest army and navy in the world for the last few years, china has been us. so i think it's power and it's neighborhood in particular to watch t one, which it's considered as a renegade province, but also towards japan. and increasingly in the south china sea, a region of strategic importance for nato countries as well as one 3rd. the global trade is shipped through the area. china can not be treated as a country to find this stuff from a trans atlantic area. when you look at the different european nations allied countries, citizen, prizes, or for china beach,

it cut all meekly with the control of uh, some uh parts uh some facilities at their summit in washington dc need to leaders. we'll discuss how to address challenges posed by china, but also by iran and north korea who are providing russian with drones and shells. a need to is also expected to expand its corporation with partners in the in the pacific region. leaders from south korea, japan, australia, and new zealand will participate in the summit. we will build a on our practically operation with flagship projects on ukraine, cyber new technologies. we will also dress out to work more closely on defense. industrial production, getting more involved in, in the pacific area is still controversial. among some nato members. many expect us to focus more on the region in the future, and then your appearance will have to do more for their own defense. in any case,

the warning ukraine has demonstrated to the natal nation's needs partners to uphold the rules based international order. and i'm now please to welcome here that galaxy is a senior policy analyst for china and east asia at the us institute of peace. and according to the news agency, reuters the draft communicate for the summit, calls china at this time to enabler of russia's war and ukraine. how big a rhetorical escalation is that as well, it would certainly be a much different statement then you had it last year's vilnius summit declaration. and you know, i think the secretary general has an, in a couple of places recently. emphasize that what they believe china is doing is it's not openly providing weapons to russia to support the we're providing the material components as you refer to, mentioned like a micro electronics that eventually go into russian weapons. and it's also helping russia to sort of weather the economic sanctions that the west has placed on it. so

it's effectively supporting rest has more effort. and you know, i think if, if it's true that this ends up being in the communication, it's important to remind your, your listeners. but you know, these communicators are hammered up until the very last minutes. so we, we don't know what will actually be in there, but if it isn't that communicate, i think the reason you might see that now as opposed to last year is because it takes some time to build the case that this is happening to figure out whether it's happening and you know, i think that they want to make sure that this was happening before they talk about it and communicate that china is accusing nato of reaching beyond its defense zone by forging alliances, india and no pacific. how does china is behavior in its own neighborhood affect nato's security interests? you know, well, 1st of clarification, i think nato is not making any alliance isn't the under pacific. they're just deepening partnerships that they have their partners not allies. and also, you know, native has had these partnerships and has been working on these partnerships for the better part of 20 years. that's certainly not a new thing. china has known about these partnerships for

a long time in terms of how china effects nato a, you know, by what it does with its own region. i think the ukraine cases, the perfect example, you know, ukraine and what russia is doing and ukraine effecting l as in are l as in partners all over the world, including our partners in the end are pacific. not only by it's undermining of the rules based international order, but also by secondary effects on prices and energy and other things. so one can easily imagine that something china might do in the region in terms of taiwan or even in other ways where it's undermining the rules based international order. and the south china sea could have similar impacts in europe. nato says it wants to engage more actively in the and no pacific. what exactly could that mean? well, so for one thing, you've seen nato a bring out new partnership, documents with it for partners in the region. they've all signed these partnership documents now, except i think is the language is still working on it. and these layouts um clear plans for how these partners want to work together with nato. but just today at the

nato public forum secretary general stone. bert mentioned some examples of the kinds of things that nato wants to do with his partners in the region, including working on technology, sharing information, looking at defense, industrial coordination and cooperation. because as we've all seen with the war and ukraine, there's a lot of backlog defense stocks that have now been left empty. so we need to fill those docs again. and also sort of in ensuring that these partners have a seat at the table so that they can provide a 1st frontline view of what's going on in the region which nato allies are interested in knowing that that couldn't that in a sense backfire by pushing china into closer cooperation with russia and north korea and iran. well that's, i think, as we would say in the us a chicken or an egg question, you know, who, what started this, you know, is it that russia and china are already cooperating? and therefore, nato is more concerned, or is it that you know, china and russia cooperating? because nato has these partnerships? i think for, for me, the question is, is not, not, you know,

does this make china and russia more likely to cooperate, they already cooperating? they have been cooperating for some time. i think, as i've said, nato's had partnerships in this region for 20 years. and only now, recently has china started to make an issue of this partnerships, kind of echoing the same language on nato that russia has been echoing, and it's, and this information campaigns. so, you know, certainly i think china doesn't like to see nato strengthening partnerships anywhere. and basically that boils down to the idea that, that china doesn't like us to lines as effectively, or any kind of alliances that don't include china. and so i think that's what china is getting out. i think china is upset about, you know, u. s. l as in partners, you know, foraging relationships with each other. not necessarily about native specifically, but that's an easy target. you know that before countries have a seat at the table at those nato summit, but the, i'd like to know how other nations and the enough is if it view nato's pledge to deepen its involvement in the region. are they concern at all that it might cause tensions between, you know, the great powers, the heat up again,

or are they happy to have the us on their side and away? it's a great question and i don't think we know the answer necessarily. you know, my, my thought is, but many other countries in the, in the pacific region don't really know a lot about what made it was doing matter. because frankly, nato isn't present physically in the region made. it was working with its partners there. and sometimes it's uh, you know, observing exercises but, but us l as in partners have in the region but, but nato is physically not present there. so certainly, you know, i think as far as that impact goes on other countries and the region is, isn't too much of a big one. but, you know, as to whether or not these countries want it, us sort of presence and focus. you know, i think the answer is yes, but they don't want to have to choose between the us in china, in many cases. that's really a country by country question. if you look at a country like the philippines, i think right now the philippines is having some strong problems with china in terms of the 2nd time. it shows them contested territory that the 2 countries have and the philippines is winning very much on the united states. in terms of supporting them and the same with japan and it's come types of territory with china

and in other countries in the regions. i think yes there's, there's sort of a varying sort of set of views. but again, natal only has for partners in the region, so it's with those partners that it's working mostly. yeah. some critics of the car and course argue that the united states should disengage from europe and pivot entirely to the in the pacific. while european countries take on greater responsibility for their own security, how do you see it? i don't know why it has to be in either or you know the us as effectively pivoted in terms of policy to the endo pacific for some time we have a strong in the pacific strategy. that mentions, but the endo pacific is not review the most important and dynamic region in the world in terms of economy, in terms of impact on us, security, etc, etc. and yet, at the same time, we are strongly supporting ukraine and the current war that russia is putting there . and we are continuing to support our european allies and partners on the continent. and we'll continue to do so. i think the idea that we can only do one thing or the other i think is a bit um not correct. uh,

i wouldn't say that if it can be only one reason or the other and, and frankly, you know, again, i think one of the reasons that you've seen a, they're interested in the end of the civic and under pacific partners interested in nato, is because what happens in these 2 regions is increasingly seen to affect the other regions. so what russia is doing in europe is affecting in the pacific what, what china might do in the, in the pacific, in effect, europe. so one way or another, a us focus in those regions remains important as we're not going from the us institute of peace. thank you so much for those insights. create speaking to you. thanks. i here living in the northern hemisphere, chances are you spend today trying to find ways to escape the sweltering heats large parts of europe. north america and asia are currently experiencing a record of braking heat waves. and it's not a one off last month was the hottest june ever measured on this planet. for now, it looks like the heat is eager to stay and people young and old,

are struggling to keep their cool 51 degrees celsius in counting. people in mexico has northern states of bad california. i used to sewing temperatures in the middle of the summer. but this time they exceeded the average readings by nearly 10 degrees, making new records, and bring in more hardship. yeah, but i mean, i have my age, it's very difficult. i'm 72 years old and i've lived here for 50 years or less. how do you deal with a sheet? well, i spend some time in an air conditioned room and outside. that's what we do. climate scientists say not only the temperatures are getting higher, but also the stretches of holidays are getting longer. in portland,

in the us state of oregon, people are trying to cool down as the cd seagulls, temperatures between 39 degrees celsius or 100 feet in height. a long time president says it's becoming the new norm. when we moved here, there was probably the really exciting and a big deal if there was like 5 days over 90 during the summer. so obviously these temperatures are a lot different than when we move. yes. such heat waves are increasing the region locations. so the nor where the locals are unprepared in calgary, in west and canada authorities have issued a heat warning local and jose, i trying to help those who may be well rebuilt. you can't go more than a few hours without without water and he's like this and you start suffering some

pretty, pretty serious health issues. and that's the sort of thing we don't want anybody to have to deal with folks that are out there on the street. don't have easy access, so it's really important to have it, have it available to them. it's been a similar story around the world. experts say climate change has made huge waves, more frequent on practically every continent. the world health organization has found that extreme temperatures cause more depths worldwide than any other related factor. but more and more people all over the globe being exposed to sustained heat . let's take a closer look at the medical risks when the weather heat's up and stays that way for days or even weeks on end. it can be hard for the human body to co, for those who work out doors for people in rural communities and the elderly,

or just some of the groups at particular risk when the mercury climes, especially when humidity is also high. the 1st signs of heat related health dangers include headaches and nausea. if the body loses too much water and electrolytes to excessive sweating, it can lead to what's called heat exhaustion marked by a drop in blood pressure, dizziness and disorientation. if the victim isn't cold and re hydrated, they can fall into a shock and experience life threatening heat stroke. but aside from detectable symptoms, sustained high temperatures can have more subtle effects like in cognition. studies have shown that when external temperatures rise, oxygen levels in the blood drop and the less oxygen the brain has, the less able it is to think clearly that's exacerbated when nights are hot to people who sleep badly are more irritable, less focused, and generally worse at remembering things,

excess heat even affects moves and mental disorders. it causes changes in levels of the neurotransmitter, sarah tone and for example, which is linked to anxiety, depression, and aggression. one possible explanation for why violence becomes more common during heat waves. so punishing the high temperatures can have major impacts, not just on physical health, but mental health as well. to talk more about the impact of heat on our mental health. i'm joined now by robin cooper. she's an associated clinical professor and the department of psychiatry at the university of california in san francisco. she's also a member of the climate psychology alliance. welcome to the day robin. the, some of the phrases we use every day suggest the link between heat and having a bad temper. you know, we have, my blood is boiling, we feel all hot and bothered sometimes we tell people to chill out, is that just a co incidence? that is not a coincidence,

it is absolutely clear that our colloquial language tells us so much about what we all experience. we are, frankly, we are irritable, we are moody, and we're much less able to apply our normal restraints on our behaviors when it's extremely high. particularly these heat that you've already outlined. but you say that hot weather makes people cranky, angry is there than a link between hot weather and crime as well. is absolutely irritable. frankie, i don't have a whole lot of patients, but we know that there is increased interpersonal violence, not silence on property violence or that kind of a violent changes, but interpersonal violence. and that increases, particularly for people who don't normally have a don't have good restraints on their behavior. when they're cranky,

i am particularly concerned about the increase for women and children, and so as vulnerable in domestic relationships where there's an increase in domestic violence. um there's also increases in rate and in just like road rage and kids on the the, the sports field get into much more scrape. so there's absolutely increases in crime increases in the way people treat each other violently during extreme heat. waves research also shows a correlation between extreme hate and increased suicide. now can we explain that? well, actually absolutely the same and i think about it suicide, like a russian turn toward the south. and there been a number of studies that show us that there are significant increases in suicide to, to extreme heat alone, even though it's

a complex behavior. and that one of the studies, the researchers that a stanford projected that there could be an increase in $21000.00 um, suicides, due to heat alone in a year, wiping out all suicide prevention programs and policies for grant controls, which is such a big issue in the united states, striking production, we talk a lot about winter depression, is this a summer equivalent of sorts? it is a sheet impact. and because we are seeing these more stream, heat's in the summer, it's really driven by the extreme heat and the impact on the way the body has to protect itself. during the extreme heat, we have to shut blood to the our server to our periphery to our skin so that we can use normal mechanisms for pulling the body by sweating. that takes the blood away

from the brain, the oxygen levels all in the brain. can we also know that there are profound impacts in on those those chemicals to communicate between brain cells, neuro transmitters, sarah telling them particularly that are impacted and don't function as well when it's extremely heat. so i don't think of it is only summer, but it is the extreme heat that are of course associated with our summer seasons. are these just short term effects or chord extreme heat have a lasting impact on our psyche as well? kind of depends on who you are. if you already are someone who has some kind of a brain difficulties and underlined psychiatric or, or cognitive impairments due to rain illnesses,

then you're more likely to have some more in, during part dot impacts. but mostly this is the acute faces the cute problems, but those also can be a very significant in general for these kinds of symptoms are there are people that are more at risk than others, or groups in society that are more vulnerable to these kinds of effects. of air and heat that none of us are going to escape feeling really from me, but it is not uniformly felt equally across populations. and of course, there are then some much more vulnerable populations instance in children are particularly vulnerable. pregnant women are very vulnerable during the extreme heats elderly, particularly frail,

elderly and those with medical conditions and those who are disabled people who are on medication. some medications make it much more difficult to control and the body's ability to pull itself and people who are of and i'm going to as a psychiatrist, i must also underscore that psychiatric patients, sorry, the stream risk. they died 3 times more than 9 psychiatric patients, particularly severe mentally ill, low income, those who have poor housing and are not able to afford decent housing. that gives us, gives them some rest on those who can afford air conditioning. those who live in heat islands out there, but in the heat islands that are much more exposed to heat out to our workers and the homeless. and we're almost at the end of the show. but i'd like to get your

advice to all the people they are struggling to pull through with these hot temperatures. the plan ahead hydrate, hydrate, hydrate. bind for places. use water to cool yourself down. either showering or um, wet towels around your neck. consider talking to your physician about what medications you're on. avoid app alcohol. never ever leave kids in her car. as robin cooper from the department of psychiatry at the university of california in san francisco. thank you so much for all of your insight. welcome, and that's our time. make sure to stay informed. stay engaged and stay in touch for now though, from all of us here on the day. thank you so much for spending parts of your day. bye bye. the,

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