to make up your own mind. may the, let's be honest. many of us i really eat healthily as we should. the w. h. o recommends and t a vegetables fruits and other plump based staples like rice, mays, and weight. with a global population of 8000000000 people and climbing about so lots of crops to homicide and is climate change sex and you questions arise like will food remain healthy as crops of engineers to produce higher and higher yields? those topics and more on dw sign shows welcome to tomorrow. today supermarket fruit and vegetables can look flawless, plump, and freshly harvested,

delicious. but what about what's in them? do they look better for you than they are? a student desk in the last 30 or 40 years, a number of reports have stated that nutrient content in our food has fall lines dramatically in some cases. and to be honest, when it comes to some fruit or vegetables purchased and supermarkets, you have to admit that taste has really gone down hills location does not. but only the taste or the vitamins and minerals they contain as well. the fertilizers, pesticides, and high yield varieties affect quality. few comprehensive studies have looked at this specific topic. and one of the more well founded ones dates back to 2004. it looked at levels of 8 minerals and vitamins and $43.00 varieties of vegetable comparing amounts of them in 1950. and 1999.

the data comes from the us department of agriculture. the scientists found that over the nearly 50 year period, 5 of the essential nutrients declined falling between 9 and 38 percent. but why? the authors of this study assume that new fruit and vegetable varieties were behind the decline. however, it's debatable whether a $1.00 to $1.00 comparison is even possible with the data says cost off by not the nutritionist as an expert on produce quality at germany's federal research institute of nutrition and food process. for you. this kind of a 1000 i talked to the big difficulty is comparing measured values for nutrient content. some i'm one question is whether the varieties that were analyzed several decades ago are the same as those today. there are even big variations in nutrient

content within a variety, you know, have been vitamin levels. for example, depend on when the fruit was harvested on to where it was harvested, how it was fertilized and how it was stored. i got for the vitamin c content in apples, for example, falls by 50 percent after 2 weeks of storage and some varieties produce a lot while others have very little. the june of gold variety, for example, contains in average, $26.00 milligrams of vitamin c per 1. 100 grams of fruit l stars only contain 8 some onto the gates of time. it's also true that some analysis methods are just more accurate nowadays, which are parts of the plan to our parts of the fruit are considered edible, kind of difficult. in the case of an apples, for example, we know that there is always a lot more vitamin c in the skin, even in the flesh, much older studies, in particular, often loc, precise testing, cry theory. the german nutrition society has tried to eliminate this possible error

source and review for 8 food compared international data taken over 50 years. and that met us studies pounds, no significant differences in vitamin and mineral content. there is, however, in effect in a week that actually does make a difference. researchers and a scientifically sound long term study have looked at what's in cereals. the testing has been going on for over 180 years of the oldest agricultural institute in the world. ross, instead, research in britain, scientists have been studying grain since 1845, always on the same fields and always when fully right. that work shows bed between 18451967, concentrations of sink copper, pyar,

and magnesium remain stable and serials grown. they're both levels began to fall from 1968 onwards, depending on the mineral. by up to 30 percent, the green revolution began and the 19 sixty's was to blame. new we cult of ours had shorter, sturdy, or stocks. they didn't buckle as easily helping prevent crop failure. at the same time, the novel varieties were able to put more energy into growing grains and less into growing stocks. grains grown here now have 2 to 3 times more carbohydrate, but they're mineral content hasn't changed. so there are less of those nutrients per gram of grain. it's a kind of dilution effect. the researchers have also looked at nutrient content and the soil to rule out the possibility of soil exhaustion. mineral levels remain stable over the years. so the new varieties are actually responsible for the

nutrient decline. another, a common assumption is that organically grown vegetables and fruits are particularly rich and vitamins and minerals. is there any truth to that claim? what ongoing long term trials in pennsylvania in the u. s. has produced some 1st results since 2016, the same varieties have been grown on neighboring fields here. top conventional, the other half organic. initial results indicate that the organically grown produce . those tend to contain slightly higher levels of vitamins and minerals. consumers who opt for food from organic farms usually value environmentally friendly cultivation, but doesn't employ synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. however, the practices don't appear to have any significant impact on the nutrient content to produce growing that way. either kind of from our ski and us even you can assume

that fruit and vegetables today are on average just as healthy as they used to be. there may of course be small differences depending on the caesar keeps, sometimes with this nutrients. sometimes with that one is there may also be small disparities between conventional and organic fruit and vegetables. but overall it makes no real difference. and we're sure that nobody has to worry about the quality or the nutrient content of modern fruit and vegetables. more important for a good diet is to eat enough food and vegetables in the 1st place. not always a given in today's world. 5 portions are recommended daily, but few people manage that too many of us simply don't eat sufficient fresh produce . even though it's one of the keys to good health, the agricultural activities occupied around just does the lands area. most of them involve foaming animals or cultivating the

plants that feed them. so what would happen if we oh, just took me self, the menu and stopped buying all the animal based products. fuel farm animals would be good for the climate and we'd also have much more arable land to grow food crops . an interesting idea with wide ranging consequences. if the world were to go digging overnight, we would no longer need to be around $82000000000.00 farm animals. we keep the what would replace them in our diet? could we live from only vegetables instead of who you need? a very high level of newt personal knowledge. if you're not to develop a deficit, a deficiency model that she needs, you know, every person to reach a beacon tie, it helps achieve climate targets. the change would affect far more than the food industry, panama testing leather. for these whacks, all of them would become obsolete. even some of the components and condoms are

animal based. most could be replaced by plant based or synthetic from materials of dimensions. you know, show us a lot of, i believe humans are being through changing situations where they're forced to fit on to future ologist and authors. your way of cash loans has studied the utopian idea of, of deacons society intensively. he says, giving up meet from one day to the next would be a shock. for most people develop serious. it's a really think 1st that they'd grow angry and repel. then i wouldn't expect it to awaken the lot of innovation, you know, up to give x 3. developing innovation in agriculture would be key taking live stock out of the equation would free up a lot of land. but not all of it would be suitable for farming plants instead, producing enough food for all of us would remain a challenge. maybe that's why we could eat more micro algebra. cultivated at

sea, they could provide a valuable source of protein. vertical farming could also gain an important for industrially produced high tech foods like lab grown meat make all about it. so it and a v can whirl a new industries, but i'm are sure, and especially since people are probably not prepared to eat a completely different diet, and we want to continue to have things like sausage or stay in the lab. growing me to is one way of continuing these traditions. leah button, the head of nutritional medicine at a swiss hospital. she thinks it makes sense for people to eat more plant based foods, but also the trying to feed humanity only a radical vegan diet starting tomorrow could have unforeseen consequences. slider, initiate the slow se would be a step into the dark off because we don't yet have the data to assess any possible

long term medical consequences. it's an issue long faithful. then what we fear is that it could lead to deficiency symptoms caused by taking into little vitamin b 12 or a calcium. so that's when you called him nutritionally. today's meat substitutes are not a perfect match for me. according to the body that's particularly important for the guns to have a broad general knowledge of exactly what's in plans based foods. future ologist joette of cash loans as building a future that's better not worse. depends on how we shape it. replacing well with plastic, for example, would make little sense. beacon is, i'm however, addresses many of our problems at once. one example growing antibiotic resistance in humans due to mass use of the medications in livestock farmers below, but the office the own. i don't think antibiotic resistance is set to have a major impact and if we suddenly live in

a world where i'm no longer sure that i'll survive. if i cut my finger or anything that could shake people long, choked and make them realize that we really need to radically change certain things to sort of cut off the calls that are a vague in world would very likely have a positive impact on the climate live stock farming generates around 15 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions as climate researchers to help people knock. beacon isn't, isn't a prerequisite for hitting the climate targets. we've said. but if we could get by without livestock starting tomorrow, average temperatures would be point 15 degree is cooler in 2050. what does that mean exactly? what's meant time, it is kind of successfully events that we've set the goal of limiting warming to $1.00 degrees celsius. so that would be about 10 percent of the battle is so significant, how much the system for law. so the 2nd thing it's humans have huge space requirements on the safe globally. we've cut down a lot of forest global around

a 3rd of the world's wooded area and i see them at off coast time. if we went digging, we'd no longer need a lot of this area that's a better selection. and so we could re, wild parts of it. a new forest would bind immense amounts of climate damaging c o 2 . we're still a long way from a live stock for you. world though, and 2021. switzerland for example, produced more eggs than ever before. but what would food in a climate neutral future look like? ok, so it'd be a world with less meat, fewer eggs and fewer dairy products. a strictly vague in the future is unlikely. and despite our thought experiment, farm animals will probably never disappear completely. after all, they help with landscape maintenance and quite simply, we'd like having them there a drought and um, seasonal weather, many farm crops, and other plumb stove deal. well, with those challenges,

including trees in germany, many dried out spruce forests have been devastated by pests. meanwhile, apple trees in india have been damaged by heavy snow, phoning at the wrong time as the yeah. and in spain and lack of rain has decimated all. if harvest farm is have to pass the climate change. tie him to the cove and surrounded by unusual plants, these conducting field trials to find out whether exotic crops species like these can secure food supplies in germany, in the future types, i say tell me about here. this is a color form mix that includes some old familiar, a cultivated plans that may come back, but also some from south america and africa always from tropical and sub tropical areas or poor for sure. the ones that will probably be able to cook better with predicted warming, and shifts, and the distribution of precipitation for all assist please. best select come with

crimson colored emeralds like this was cultivated by the aztecs, it's grains don't contain any gluten. and it's now considered a power food in many places. however, the yield on this, the german field is low so far. the key one next to it doesn't doing that well either. by him he knew was he was on the side keen, was specially dns to study by the world food program stated that it has the potential to become a future staple. food worldwide is in but not here. or at least not. yeah, it's only 9 projects compared to the established crops we have here and we have no experience with we control and things like that. so we have fewer options, just type know, and that's actually one of the biggest problems with these new crops at the moment they didn't of course to pull the things look more promising for chia, a green from south america that has already hit the german market and i've, once it's, it's basic development is very good and it's also been able to assert itself very

well against the weeds going. but plants bearing right and on right fruit capsule still stand side by side. a problem for farmers kind. it doesn't ripen all at once . development is more continuous, you can see down here that flowers are still coming out and route. so the plan doesn't ripen all in one go. which is a big difference to crops that have been raised in germany so far north, whether they're serials rapes, the huge or crops like sizing up. so what i'd like in a few kilometers away, lovins caught mine is conducting field trials of his own that the german federal research institute for cultivated plants in pound spike climate change is also a focus here. 12 different varieties of sort of a kind of millet or grown on the institutes feels it's important. staple food in africa. so far a few varieties are growing well, but most are the plant needs even warmer summers than the one in 2023,

which so high temperatures in germany committed isn't about 2 and a half so the plan doesn't cope so well. we have a limited temperature and just kinda know it needs it hotter and so it can happen that the crop doesn't ripen in the fall and can't be fully harvested. i'd say there's still a lot of work to be done, but it's definitely an interesting crop for the future because especially because it copes well with heat and drought. so i'm talking i talk so no break through is with exotic varieties, at least not yet. but more traditional food plants are also being fred and adapted to cope with climate change. to create drought stress conditions, trial fields can be covered to prevent any rain from reaching certain areas in separate experiments, different varieties of native weight and this facility for expose to higher levels of c o. 2. to simulate projections of germany's atmosphere in 2050

results are currently being evaluated. the researchers analyze all of the plants components, systematically they were surprised by one variety of native we crossed with ry. them rule that they gave higher yields and also had more biomass. but that's because the plans need c o 2 for their photosynthesis to grow. so they respond with improved photosynthetic performance, which produces higher yields bus on the road. and that's a good thing. the work has encouraged german researchers to further develop domestic varieties in particular through reading and crossing with, for instance, varieties from southern europe. that's the kind of a coven who has seen similar results on his field trials. he thinks maze is an

ideal crop candidate for the future. to my assistance as this one day includes live, all the crops we already have near maze is actually the one that will probably cope best with the consequences of climate change, which comes with pickups quite well. with high temperatures one and it's also quite efficient in terms of how it uses water and rusty of us on north. so underneath hovens and others are searching for varieties with deeper root systems to which can better access of water during periods of drought. but also prevent the plan from being washed away during heavy rainfall. and german farmers are interested in crops like so. it's also been planted and several field trials here. this summer the plants didn't get enough sun. never the less they've done since been not showing all the plants are still standing. when would they haven't been broken by storms or rain? that's good. and we'll see what kind of you, they get you over all the your potential here in lower sacks ending is still significantly lower than in the warmer areas of southern germany. and due to

interest on the market would be huge since solely from the americas is usually genetically modified and not approved for sale in germany. the field trial so far it can't be described as a result in doing success. but more research is urgently needed. a change in climate means many conventional crops like potatoes, won't grow well here and 30 or 40 years. that's highest nice. that doesn't mean that every farm will immediately start growing completely new crops. but there will certainly be a trend towards perhaps growing a wider variety to simply spread. the risk needs a quote. this point, perhaps in the future fields in germany will be planted with more crops like have around keen, why and she we don't just need to come spill, say, process them to make other products, including medicines for years. now manufacturers have be making biofuel from them to power. vehicle. fuel made from pounds is controversial. one reason is that it's

less efficient than electricity generated from the sun and winds, which can also be harnessed for transports. and there are other arguments against biofuels to the client driving cars and trucks. heating, climate friendly and carbon neutral sounds too good to be true. biofuels made from plant matter promised to replace fossil fuels unto hydrogen, and e. mobility are deployed on wide enough scales. first generation biofuels are made from food and feed crops like may 10th grade or palm soy and rapes. the doyle production is relatively simple with rapes seed. for example, the seeds have to be ground in the mail and pressed, releasing the oil. what's left over is used as animal feed, the rate c,

doyle must then be converted through a chemical process. it 1st has to be stored under heat for a long time. after it's purified, the bio diesel is ready. over half the biodiesel on the german market is currently produced from rape c with arrest coming mostly from sewing palm oil, mays and used cooking oil. but there's a catch prompts used to make biofuels can be used as food for us to cut into our trends and us in germany. in particular, a considerable areas are already being used for this purpose by combat 2.4 mega actors in germany alone. and so around 15 percent of all airable land has been used to produce biofuels. that's already a substantial proportion. even today about an type of item. then not only that, biofuels produced directly from crops like rapes, seed store, or palm oil. have water footprints significantly larger than those of other energy

sources? there's still not all that much of biofuel and fuels sold at selling stations. but proponents say this will change the ratio of biofuel to fossil fuel. the set to grow an argument to increase it is that they're considered carbon neutral. because the c o 2 they released during combustion was previously absorbed from the atmosphere by plants. second generation biofuels are those made from practically the entire plants, not just to see one example is strong, one german firm is billed to special plants to convert straw by on that. the company says 4 big pails of it, just under 2 tons per enough to power a mid range car for a year. but how does it work? first, destroy from thence and these tanks for 90 days. the book kegan says that evac

curio converts substances into strong into natural gas and c o 2. this is the same process that also takes place to some extent and account stomach in the martin high above the structure. the grass is like giant ms. kansas might also be used as a feedstock for biofuels. small scale production is proven. it's possible in a study the pod stem institute for climate impact research calculated what to switch to biofuels made from grasses would mean a big problem is that for us with high carbon densities are still cleared to create new fields, puffing the cost in terms of emissions to search to the state monsoons. my theory is that the emissions are just as high per liter of biofuel as if a leader of fossil diesel were burns directly to the one i need to few and use this dx cover. again, whether buying or fuels become

a real alternative globally also depends on politics. but since there's still no international legislation in sight, what can we do today to help? one thing above all, change our mobility habits to burn less fuel in general. no matter where it comes from. do you have a passion for science and health? check out d, w. science project talking. why do something does not get drunk? why do gravitational waves squeeze out bodies? how much was it? do we need to pay days? do stress, stop loans, green for help know and what is the perfect to for bought by fine beyond says guess mos on dw science. oh tick, tock channel. that's all for now

and tomorrow today the science show on dw, thanks for watching and see you again. next time by the, [000:00:00;00]

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