who leaves me, you can do better than 90 minutes of the among fish eaters salmon is a popular option. it's in record demand low and supply. thanks to over fishing, a modern human solution is to breed the animal. instead of catching it in the wild . norway is home to the world's biggest salmon farm with talker culture conditions being widely criticized. is there a humane way of farming the coveted fish? also coming up, lithium, a mineral, the future that is already near indispensable for modern industry. can a new processing plant make your of less dependent on china? deep under the surface of southern spain is an abundance of other raw materials in

mines that have been lying idle for years, plus tractors are going electric. but how do they fair in the field test the know the new way above the arctic circle is i'm to hundreds of rivers and fields. and then christine, nature were on our way to a gigantic fishbock noise. the world's biggest supply of semen providing 50 percent of global production. the fish bomb operated by north deluxe is located off the coast in the bar and see on how 6 breeding cages is the largest sale. so okay, so many words, it's uh, 395 meters long. it's seems to me, it's a slide on a peak for that and we have 10000 tons of sound when they are or the 2 and i often

see millions one here. at the same time, the nets extend 56 meters down into the sea. which facility avoids the chemicals commonly used elsewhere to protect the nets against the accumulation of organisms notice filing? yeah, and that's a clean by robots. so we will, how are we into that? well sir, and then the start cleaning the, the walls of and that's the farm is run by 6 people working in 2 shifts. each of the 6 breeding cages contains around 350000 summons that fitted with underwater cameras. and most of the operational activities that done by remote control, but just how crowded conditions for the fish the lead me to search by the government. so yeah, can only have the maximum 2.5 percent of these and 97.5 percent of water. we from a run that so i would say 1.5 percent density at the application said that

this would be good space interface. someone finds all controversial, but the wild variety is known, endangered species with stocks having declined to record lows. the next stage of our trip takes is a 1000 kilometers bumped down the coast even here. further south. it's still light midnight. the we make the spokesman for the norwegian, someone river association, who happens to be an average fisher. but he has little hope of catching anything these days from re some and frequently escaped from the cages and tags in the process themselves, endangering while populations living in rivers. and then we spent games with a while, so they get all springs for life in the, in nature as so the easily,

the 1st the girl falls. and then they compete with the really wild selma which don't grow so far. and then they die. they used to be over 2000000 some an annual ways, rivers. today they number just 400000 the fish bomb we visited is one of 40 conventional facilities operated by nor locks in the countries. fjords . a major problem with agriculture is contamination with parasites among done some of the lice and extreme cases that can cause must that send them to host and they're also transmitted to wild simon. tell a lie cell survive official ser, for a longer period. so if you use fresh water for an a couple of hours, we're doing 12 hours with fresh water send the lice will lab who will die. ready some and live in both rivers on the sea and are safe from the lice and fresh water

with the power. so i just cannot survive state of the art breeding facilities use. i control and robot places to identify the nice on that program. to ideally only hit the power sites several shots required for denouncing simon that are infested with lice and escape from that cage pose a threat to the wild count of thoughts on have to be reported to the all star t's we miss or the scapes. so we focus on the, in forest years, but we weren't able to catch 36 of them. so in total we only have 4 sound on that's we don't know where they are for the last few years. infectious diseases like more attendant disclose our another problem, which is why the fish are not collected on come by adults like this one. the conditions of captivity with several 100000. someone in one tank like the fish connie, susceptible to disease. normally we run that mortality rates,

i would say around 5 percent, 4 to $6.00. so in the last 5 years. but according to the norwegian veterinarians institute, the average mortality right across no white spot higher at 17 percent. and that's due to infectious diseases, but especially the impact of anti lice treatments on the fisheries bodies. one of the main reasons is handling you to treat plans again, some of us. so that says remove solomon lice now and takes a lot of treatment on that $0.03 is stressful for the fish. and then they can, for instance, the amount of rooms of to supersized farm we 1st visited is located not in the fuel woods, but in the open ocean. the cooler pressure and moving water here apparently helps to reduce disease incidents and to wash away sediment and excrement more effectively. plus the anti lice treatments used here are less harmful to the fish. the adult, someone all picked up at regular intervals by

a transport ship. that brought on board via flexible tubes before being counted at the point of stuck, mach nice that pumped into the slaughter house still alive. after being stunned deficient cuttin kills the fine to you, run 16 hours per day, and not time processing $300.00 tons of semen from the nor like spawns, it's the 11 biggest summit of factory in the world, unemployed, 70 people for shift. some of the semen shipped to destinations around the world as whole fish see good yak. upson is head of production here and the farmer says

the other fish having a heads on may 2 bones removed by a special machine. the smaller pain bones are then removed on a conveyor belt. launch late automatically released the bounce out of to be cut into portions the resulting fee lays of insulted by a robot according to weight and grouped together for packaging. and 2023 north blocks posted prophets of almost 50000000 euros on a global scale. this is a multi $1000000000.00 industry demand for the fish remains on the up. but for all the cutting edge facilities, the better conditions and more investments in technology and medical research will be required to make some of the funding. you made the there's

a new kind of gold rush underway, not for precious metals, but critically raw materials of the future. chief among them is lithium, with its vital importance for high grade batteries of all manner of electric vehicles. in europe alone, projected to manual amount to a half a 1000000 tons. annually. germany will soon be opening its 1st lithium refinery. once it goes into operation in the near future, supplant will pose a challenge to china is dominance over the european markets. europe's path to green future has a problem. it's industry meets resources. this new listing processing plant in germany could be key to diversifying supplies to get ahead of battery production resources like lithium a crucial but chemical processing into battery great materials. this tricky that's for finer here in germany will be the 1st of its kind in europe. but the continents, the remains largely dependent on china to source materials. china dominates

refining with the alkaline metal with it, the know how for processing the material but to break free of this dependence, you wrote me suppose phone materials supply chains. here at angie's list seems frank, for the board, tory chemist, constantly monitor and test the refining steps to design for processing listen hydroxide. the scientists here has come up with ways to filter out contamination from the list in the company will later refine on a larger scale. the process is here in the lab will later work one to one in the industrial process. you press the material in here, then the cylinder spins really fast and as it rotates, the solution is forced out of the filter bag and only the dirt or the impurities remain. and my clean crystallize material stays in here. that's basically the process. the frame for phases chemical company has been building

its experience and these were finding steps for 5 years. now. understanding precisely how each step works will make it possible for the scientists here to build out capacity away from the spot. you mean rocks from a mine in brazil sits at the beginning of mt lithium processing chain and brazil it's ground up and processed and in the 1st place we ship this. what do you mean? concentrate is this the name for it to china? and the reason for this is simply because there is no other conversion planned. is able to, to use this material at this moment. and then we get back from china, a technical intermediate into the field. where we do the refining to, to find a better way to defend both in the chemical industry town in germany,

east location aimed pick to set up its industrial production with space to expand initial capacity 5 times they're still setting up shop here and what may become europe's largest lesson refinery, where they are expecting to refund $20000.00 tons of lithium hydroxide per year in the 1st phase. but as price is for the product crash, recently, investments are tough. people are very, very cautious putting money into lithium projects at this point. because with the current price level, it's very hard to make an investment case. actually the plants here receive some public subsidies and european governments pledge more money for building up the critical mineral sector. recently, european union scripts with raw materials act came into force aiming to eliminate dependence materials supply chains. it's,

it's targets for 2030. that 10 percent of materials should be mind in the you. 40 percent refined within the block and 15 percent recycled here. ready in total, no more than 65 percent of a single material should be source from one country alone. but despite the built up for finding capacities, the amount of money pledged doesn't yet match the need. funds and specs for an exam on the caps that can means single 1000000000 yourselves investment just to 20 exception, tonya. and he's looking for funding plan and jeremy is expected to make a tent and reaching those goals. they are starting to turn the tables on global materials supply chains, but they won't be able to walk it alone. sourcing

raw materials is a growing issue for europe. that you and serbia have now signed a historic tact on lithium production. serbia has one of the cotton and largest deposits, you know, for over $1000000.00 car batteries per year. for the e. u wants to diversify its supplies of other metals to which is why mining activity in southern spain is expanding to boost the use self sufficiency leaving scholars in the landscape. i'm with a history of ecological disasters, an economic decline, and to lose you some minds could now be a crucial booth. the europe self sufficiency. but at what price? this dump a truck can transport and $90.00 tons of rubble from the depths of the rio tend to mine from a single trip and, and around the clock operation. the romans were the 1st to mine metals here. follow

the centuries like to buy british companies. i've seen in some of the local architecture for years the mine was out of operation due to a couple of prices being too low. whole market sensitivity is a general problem with mine, as the local man, no soul to well, most up in the those him. but it is that we were always depends on what the mine was closed or open again. so we've had golden times, but difficult ones to know. you don't want me to come in. my company got a cup of constitutes just 0.38 percent of the rock here. but the enormous effort involved in extract in the metal is not worth while. thanks to market prices, having recovered a blessing to the local community task and look, a couple of people who is young people can now stay here unlock the times when they would move elsewhere or even emigrate over to me. okay, me get out in the caves, it in addition to economic uncertainty, another worry is the minds toxic and legacy. the rock residue you across the vast

site lies in water, contaminated with heavy metals. for environmental, there's a growing danger to people. there was a lot of people in the retention base and you can see here with these down. so what would already be banned in south american countries like july on brazil. so america, a, from what she legal mode i see harvesting 53000 tons of copper concentrate means grinding down 18000000 tons of rock. yeah, for yeah, the main by is china, while the mind spigot shareholder is a global commodities group based in singapore. the commitment to europe and self sufficiency evidently has limits while i'm to lose you as mine, so be expected to help precisely that cause riches enough soil are a treasure for on the lose. yeah, on the european energy transition. new legislation in a you hangs to ensure that 10 percent of its strategic role materials as source

from member countries and resources which on the lucia a new metro rush is on the way. there are lots of projects here that would be relevant to the new york and the whole set, because on the lose, you have 17 of the 30 critical minerals for the back, which is why that will be new mines will be no longer tearing huge crate is in the end to lose your landscape, of a couple of mine located to just 20 kilometers away from seville, reflects the changes in the sector. everything is in place for future mining operations on the ground where there was still enough deposits of copper. i'm using it, i may notice, but one under ground mine is obviously less visible where of the opinion that this is the most sensible, profitable, unsustainable option. what is along with, i mean that's what the value of the mind also serves as an example of the potential between a year ago the company was still producing q a compet here, despite money having ceased 3 years earlier, the singles have young,

we'd put the extraction rock in dry storage. in the previous 3 years, we processed it again, which enabled us to produce $20000.00 tons of compa. i mean, i mean, they go relatively deep. and once the mind starts producing underground again, it won't just be for compa. the operator has developed a chemical process that extracts the materials from the rock using land and silver . the company has also started upon the project to extract the material of vital importance, the electron mobility and other industries cobalt. it works with the help of bacteria and monday, august html code then on the material we work with is waste material from previous processing vehicles. right now we're using the residue some couple or containing those metals equal the nipples as i'm in the office. give them the dinning and told me that it and not waste material is available in almost unlimited quantities in the region. including from the rio,

10 to mines dump sites. i have sizable wastewater pines, valuable as the metals may be for modern society. however, environmental lists have great concern ekko title site because it's not letting me do the, i know it's like sticking out hundreds into the ground to mine minerals that it is, it's harmful to the environment. can you help me with it's necessary for economic reasons is open to debate? decide yes, even in the society a economy going thing on those concerns are understandable in 1998 and down this not far from civil of which only these ruins remain is what is contaminated logic, sponsors of land and nature preserves. to date, the company responsible has still not been brought to justice. 26 years on the other money companies. and under lucio, i'm making efforts to take environmental protection seriously on the dumb sides by the mine outside seville on now being cleared away. the full of the unsightly crate

to it spilled in it again to the point of all that digging and drilling is to burn less fossil fuels and reduce emissions principles. it's also starting to bear fruit in the farming industry to every year . germany's farm vehicles to pop up millions of tons of pollutants in the country. south one farming capital has developed a prototype electric tractor that is cleaner and quieter. that's what the diesel truck to sounds like. and that's what comes out along side it and electric truck to making it different kind of noise and with 0 exhaust. the it was designed by your honda on today is by a here in bavaria. and it's that contribution to

a potential resolution and farming machines. the toddles prototype with a $160.00 horse power is being put through its paces at the so comic farm outside the unit, the the truck. so it can run for 5 to 8 hours on a single charge. well there's the actual idea is not so new media and particularly yeah, company hosted by half a, somebody background informing you used to help out a lot when i was growing up and also my adult life. and so the large amounts of electricity being generated almost on a different type of thing. so it makes sense to use up to like tricity right here, instead of feeding into the grid, isn't the electric truck. so it does cost up to 50 percent more than a diesel powered machine boss. it's an investment that rapidly pays offsets develop has the help cost, but so ever its entire operational life. the principal costs for a tract, uh, as

a fuel energy on the cup and those costs would self generate to the electricity around 70 to 80 percent cheap. tons of people tend to go inside the additional comments and pay themselves off up to just 2 to 3000 hours of operation house and look forward to putting the electric tractor to its fast. real test is fun. so because in both not the solar panels on the roots of his phone cover almost his entire electricity to mom, the, the, in the queue. nothing has had this one of the stick of a value energy self sufficiency because it gives me great to financial security setup. in vida, i put one locked one and it means i'm less vulnerable to market fluctuations on the grid. just getting from the electric truck to would make him even more self sufficient with high diesel prizes, then no longer in a shame. i'm the cowardice comes with another advantage. and they come with the

ones that i've ever bought from. electric maces are easier to service and have less why? i'm going to go 1st lies. i think that it looks that they don't stay in core. i meant to teach somebody the less the to you and for the future it's actually on the financial firms that tyler to house makes major who manufacturers and now also joining the move towards electric one. i could go to machinery and saw most console by some books that is already thinking of stuff ahead. he's planning to use the todd. this is bob treats supplement to solar power generation system. as the tractor is nothing you spend most of the day, it can forward it to electricity to his home and farm buildings. a, i can now locate where you'll photos were taken. 3 us students, both in a model called vision that estimate the location of any picture it receives. it is inspired by the popular online game to get to use a is placed anywhere in the world on google street view and have to guess the

location in the game. an image, right technician, a with a base assess of around 500000 street view images, was trained by the students. the results are the ownership. the model picks the correct country, 95 percent of the cases, and usually picks the notation within around 40 kilometers is the correct spot. while this could be used in many constructive ways, the risks of governments could check your photos to no way. you have been still hang on to view. so also of the as threats. and remember this is just the students project. google is in possession of around 220000000000 street view images. and that's it for this edition of made from beginning for resources to the future, to farming fish. otherwise, in low supply on an industrial scale, and changing to the will of

a tractor that slow on noise and emissions developments connecting business and the environment till next time. do you have enough listing weak the

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