it was incredibly low, this is very just providing you with free information dw made for mind. the young women in japan breathing new like same to an old tradition, the any rock we looked at, the impacts of climate change on health. the. and we ask, why are we so hooked on lithium batteries? the,

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how battery actually works. and if you hear a battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is rechargeable, and made of lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery. 2 wires and an l. e. d. is simply terms it, but city a stays more controllable. named ernesto julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy and you have various more ways you want to get out all this energy very fast. and you control away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains in electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and the liquid. we have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons

on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electronics travel outside the battery along the circuit generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk wanted to reach charging. they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons trouble less than less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity . the metals can also grow into spikes, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the many reasons why lithium makes a great battery is that unlike lead or acid,

lithium was only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great? weird lee is that it's super reactive. so i got my hands on some lithium, which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and put it in some water and see what happens. but the safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it should be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lift them inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so, moment of truth. who do i understand why this happens?

we need to look at electronics. again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the batteries able to charge faster, have a longer live site goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the massive machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plains, because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around. and that's why our appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency, demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the

top producer of lithium, followed by july. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the max of global demand in 2022 global within production. was that a 130000 metric tons? that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over 28000 metric tons. the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white gold is abundant, doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means that the demand for it is quickly outpacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up for a while, others came down, lithium just continue to increase. and my lending itself comes with its own host of

problems, extracting with them from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from brian water that's mixed with minerals today. the last just process is to put a these brang was that in ready shuttle bones, which are extremely large. let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one ton of lithium into a lithium mining is already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause soil degradation and disrupt local ecosystem. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be used, lithium batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead

batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mines and very problematic conditions could be replaced with nickel menu square iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphs. theme. it's made by taking the layer of graphite just like this, and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphic is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting, and store more energy. which could also make more attractive for storing large

amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon. because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, the ones that thailand is now does it. the rock is one of the country's most effective by climate change. worldwide. temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali who's saying is on his way to the local well around him, signs of climate change are everywhere. okay, there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be a rocks most fertile region, but the country has suffered

a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ivy. hussein's family is one of the few sto here. that's the bottom of just 4 years ago. we find the land here, but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face and uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities, climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries of built a numerous dams leaving too little water for a rock down stream. because of the salty ground water, the children have source and open wounds on their skin. a 2000. no, it's very painful. sometimes they are close to stick to the wounds, which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the

spread of disease, like least when i, as transmitted by sam slot. and i thought i need something high and being 2nd to transmit to the infection which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter's newer and saundra are lucky, or rocky, red crescent, has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h. e. sondra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has felicia, my nicest and insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see tested, the i don't have time here on the laptop and this team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly travels across the country, visiting villages, q and lulu. i shed the people are

a little better off. the village community has dug a well. can't to though the ground water contains too much salt and solver. a question of this facility has changed their lives. it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 leaders per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit to drink height or how to him. and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region i'm hoping on. the facility is a lifetime for people here in the red christian tendon. partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage which is often and what and every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters . there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. many surrounding village is separate from a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering care on the oldest to him, i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to,

to hide our hotel and his teen talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it. well, so far there open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and to poisoning what is done with all of i did them some of the co now how do you know i'm about to deal with the summer that you just as an adult for them outside of head show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country to climate break down. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, upper for the sample that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health so that they feel assistance at or with the over whelmed and not with the climate change. that would be totally co ops if we don't know to prepare them better. and if we don't send

finance of resources, ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family. but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. private and my husband, these 2 of them i for how the water you can see here was brought to us by car 1000 leaders every week for us in our animals. that's not not like a lead. hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq. the the pollution resulting from burning oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that's mold and obesity. malaria around coal binding fossil fuels produces toxic policy, cold,

tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, counts and diabetes. it's time fiction for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease i'm suffering my struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital,

the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move young beneficiary. good. what are you doing perfect by the front of say that now please remove your mask. i think one more of them been we have many patients like pedro month rebate, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, what seal pd, and they have those here and in other hospitals, in lima. and it's something in the castle is what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. we'll see they're only very little. yes. even if it means the disease is similar, does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and that is one of those we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. so so the conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that one, cuz there's 2 of us going up with the fuel number that we met. it has more than 10000000 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry. the in

2022 lima record the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago to truly but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow montrose and orange and red batch of a whole lot. the most critical value is 2.5, which means particulate matter of 2.5. my chromatism must be no, and those are the finest particles, the very small ones, the into the respiratory tract,

and then penetrate the human body some into the bloodstream possible because again, using this data. so the authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions, and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done because this environmental activists have spent years re forcing the hills around lima. the pacific ocean on one side, and the mountains on the other, or the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter, helping to improve air quality. they have also installed a network of fug catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog this hello. this is crystal clear water?

yes, i was not a lot more than we diverted into collection points like this one here. hold on and use it for drip irrigation. lima is green. lawn has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities health. local reforestation work as held kirby erosion. but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization sold enough. and so if one day lima were to no longer met many gas or pollutants, the plan would still be polluted. democrats here hold up and we alone may not stop pollution or climate change afford effect and we will be the ones who suffer your

companies. you might the bills, he's one of the most of the woods here with his doctor's help, pedro monterey rebate has managed to reduce them of his pain. the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking aim the

most. indeed, i only take my hands off the horse if i trust him completely. that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve our 1st spade when he was to and she was 7 since then the 2 have been inseparable growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am wanting prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yeah. booth. and it was thought to be good practice for the battle field. but her gelding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay, so you probably run away from the enemy. picking the smith you put, archery is no longer an art of war and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your

boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either was a normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have. it's been ages since i've seen any that, so i look at a 50 percent. ok here and root depend, your boost to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all you, if we stay in the early twenties are reinterpreting the centuries old tradition, the nation of the day. high points we might look at me in this direction. i saw. so that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible when trainer or you could come a more, a started out 15 years ago, mounted archery was still a male domain. on the saturday i was that means i had to put up with a lot back. then they told me women had no business being here and to see if i

asked you all this, i'm in the sort of the even said i don't want to even hear the word jefferson a coming out of your mouth. but uh, you always have it difficult about talking to you when you're ready to push them up . the mountain archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's a to z. as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities always. this is passion for your boost and it is what keeps her in the country side of the them on the bus, both the others on the spit rate, but more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again. still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys waiting for the party equal to the optimal. it will probably soon be an all female support to the the one level coding that's up there. don't know if it comes with a lot of it's given. the family has always

supported her passion. she's been winning competition since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo know fabric. it's lisa say wants to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guests coming? sunday. so then this one's for sunday, they're able to get used to that. i'm about to see on the man looks aren't my style . pink is out of the question so many pulled out last night. the small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of the organizer gets from abroad, rarely make their way here. but for iris,

who say such competitions are crucial for the sports future. if you have listed it is to survive, it has to look good. so the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves, read the before they went into battle created and men with. and that's why i do the same now in this cause we have done this in the, the competition is almost exclusively female. to rules requires 3 shots at full gallop. the archers have just fractions of the 2nd to aim the

show. that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. the still another round. it sounds of the, one of the chimes of your boost to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to just take on your medical women and men of all ages. you come on. or assuming there brave enough to attempt the wild. right. ready to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to ice listing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people flight, take climate change visit tests on facebook. if you want the story behind the headlines, follow us on instagram. and if he wasn't green life text checkouts out sick token,

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check engine light is good us. i never would have thought this day would come. that's fine. so convinced i'm of the right of interest in be deciding she wants to live. that's part of sophie's daily routine. she's open about her mental illnesses sharing with others, how they impact for life. and in doing so, she gives one thing about all the choosing. in 15 minutes on the w i g major difference,

visionaries with a project get involved to create a future experience that the indian in 60 minutes on the top of the visa used to put those in the notes on the wrong conflict. crises around every single connection mapped out shows the geopolitical reality. beyond the board is what makes things the way they are. all the solutions

mapped out, navigating a changing world. now on youtube, on the long voyage through the ocean. and mother, i'm back with account for a long time. they had to be humans on the journey. but now the premises have to come there, protect the september the

this is the w news live from building posts already sent bangladesh to impose a new nationwide care, a few of the thousands of killed and hundreds more injured in 1st protest. the government has cut off and the internet service and demonstrate is that the bombings of the prime minister step down after a deadly police correct down on protest this into law. on the program, several countries urge the citizens to leave living on as fee as grow of a water in the middle east. and the rear visits where ron jordan's foreign minister likes a place of peace in the face of threats to punish israel for a high profile assassination thing by word and see the.