some of the green revolution global. so listen to all kinds of problems. if it curious on the topics, subscribe to those channels, we've got new videos every friday tried to plan. it's a the young women in japan breathing new like same to an old tradition. the penny rock, we looked at the impacts of climate change on house the and we ask, why are we so hooked on lithium batteries? the,

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how a battery actually works. and if you hear a battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is rechargeable, and made of lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery. 2 wires and an l. e. d. is input terms it but city a stays more controllable and or, or not. so julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy. you need a very small, but as you want to get out all this energy very fast and you're going to go away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and i out. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains and electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and

a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electronics travel outside the battery along the circuit, generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less than less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity . the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the

many reasons why left them makes a great battery, is that unlike lead or acid lift, humans only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great weirdly, is that it's super reactive so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and to put it in some water and see what happens. but them safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast, so the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so i'm going to choose who do

i understand why this happens? we need to look at electrons again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the battery is able to charge faster, have a longer live site, goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also a winner. when it comes to weight, all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the mass of machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plains. because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around, a match bar appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international

energy agency, demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the top producer of lithium, followed by chile. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the mass of global demand. in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over $28000.00 metric tons, the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because this white gold is abundant, doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means that the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up for a while, others came down with the and just continued to increase. and mining itself comes

with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from brian water that's mixed with minerals to bay. the largest process is to evaporate these brang. well that in very shallow bones, which had extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium, brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one ton of lithium into a lithium mining has already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities, the mines can also cause toil degradation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead

batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology, but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 kilo tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mines in very paula 90 conditions could be replaced with nickel, manganese or iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphene. it's made by taking a layer of graphite just like this and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphene is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting,

and store more energy, which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is noticed that the rock is one of the country's most effected by climate change worldwide temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali who's saying is on his way to the local well, around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be

a rocks most fertile region, but the country has suffered a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ivy. hussein's family is one of the few sto here at the bottom of just 4 years ago. we find the land here, but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up. so without farming, there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. the rock is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities. climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built to numerous dams, leaving too little water for a rock down stream. because of the salty ground water, the children have source and open wounds on their skin. a 2000, no,

it's very painful. sometimes they are close to stick to the wings, which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease like lease, but i guess is transmitted by sam slice to try it out. i need some time being 2nd to transmit to the infection which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali husein and his daughter is newer and saundra are lucky. the rocky red crescent has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h. e. sondra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has felicia, my nicest and insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see touch the on the side or how tim key are on the laptop and this team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly travels across the country,

visiting villages here in blue blue, i shed the people are a little better off the village community has dug a well, she needs it. i can't to though the ground water contains too much salt. and so for a question of this facility has changed their lives, it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 leaders per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit to drink. hi there, how to him and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region. a couple on the facility is a lifetime for people here in the red, crescent and partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage. what your thoughts are then what every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility, like there's many surrounding villages suffer from

a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering care. though on the oldest, my way of living with climate change awareness is important for children to, to hide on to him and his team. talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it as well. so far there over no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and poisoning. you're done with all i did them said mother cold. and how do you know i'm about to deal about the some of the to just add them to for them outside of head show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country, the climate breakdown. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, a perfect example that we need to reinforce our systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health so that they feel assistance that already over to well and with the climate change. that would be

totally co ops if we don't know the preferred been better in the if we don't send finance of resources. ali who's saying would like to stay here with this family, but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. 5 and my husband, these 2 of them are for how the water you can see here is brought to us by car, 1000 leaders every week for us and our animals. that's not enough because mike ali hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq or the pollution resulting from burning oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that's more than

a b city. malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic particles, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, cancer and diabetes. it's time for change for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease. i'm suffering. my struggle to breathe properly. to the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move in the very good. what are you doing? perfect by now please remove your mask. i think one more of them, we have many patients, like pedro mazda and rebates, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, what seal pd, and they have those here you and in other hospitals, in lima. and something in the castle is what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. well, see what they're only very little. yes, i mean the disease is similar that sound in other countries among heavy smokers. and the last thing was we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. so, so that conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that one, cuz there's 2 of us pulling up on the field level that lima has more than 10000000 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry,

the in 2022 lima record, the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima, we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow montrose and orange and red badge of a whole lot. the most critical value is $2.00, which means particulate matter of $2.00 micro, much as if it isn't,

it must be no. and those are the finest particles, the very small ones, the end to the rest spirits retracts from it and then penetrate the human body some into the bloodstream on both of those, again, using this data. so the authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions, and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done is this. environmental activists have spent years reinforcing the hills around lima, the pacific ocean on one side, and the mountains on the other, or the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter, helping to improve air quality. they have also installed

a network of fog catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog. this is crystal clear water. yes, i was not a lot more time. we diverted into a collection point like this one here. how long it even use it for drip irrigation lee, most green long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements and industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities health local reforestation work as held kirby erosion. but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization sold enough. and so if one day lima were to no longer met, many gas or pollutants plan would still be polluted. but make us here, hold the,

we alone, no non stop pollution or climate change a for effect. and we will be the ones who suffer your from give you much a bit of his homework and most of which here with his doctors help pedro monta rebate as managed to reduce them of his pain. the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood. and some independence. now, more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking

the most indeed, i only take my hands off the horse if i trust and completely. that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. how he 1st met spade when he was to and she was 7 since then the to have been inseparable growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am wearing prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yeah. booth. and it was thought to be good practice for the battle field, but her gilding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay, so you'd probably run away from the enemy. picking the smith, the foot,

archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either was a normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have it's been ages since i've seen any that size of 50 percent. ok. here in rude japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all yours would stay in their early twenties or reinterpreting, the centuries old tradition, the nation, not that high, high parts. we might look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible. when trainer, are you coming more? a started out 15 years ago, mounted archery was still

a male domain. on the saturday, i'm assuming that i had to put up with a lot back then they told the women had no business being here and to see if i off with the obvious, i'm in the sort of the even side. and i don't want to even hear the word jefferson a coming out of your mouth. got you all the time. it difficult about talking to you when you're ready to push and let the mountain archery might have died out in japan, if it weren't for these young women's as easy as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and that is what keeps her in the country side of the the sports, the other, some of those great that more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again, still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys or any food and or party equal to the optimal. it will probably soon be an all female sport. uh, what are the kinds of

a lot of is given her family has always supported her passion. she's been winning competition since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo? no fabric. i always use that wants to dazzle the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guests coming into the a sunday. so then this one's for sunday, very well to get used to the another. see on the main looks aren't my style. pink is out of the question. so many of our small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part

of the organizer gets from abroad. rarely make their way here. but for iris, who say such computations are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom, it is to survive. it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves rag before they went into battle created and men with. and that's why i do the same now. in most cases, we have the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires 3 shots at full gallop . the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim,

the sheer. that's exhausting, the move them, it's not over for you yet. there's still another round. it sounds or this one of the chimes of you happens to me is that it's a sports that's open to everyone to take on your medical women and men of all ages . you come on assuming they're brave enough to attempt the wild right already to compete against the very best the is an honor that once again goes to ice losing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight,

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the check engine light is the best. i never would have thought this day would count. that's fine. so convinced i'm of the right of an interesting victim. decided she wants to live. that's part of sophie's daily routine. she's open about her mental illnesses sharing with others, how they impact for life. and in doing so, she gives one thing above all me choosing my 30 minutes

d w that actually i just felt i felt like i was ready to direct honeywood style director and act to add a nice shovel on in an exclusive interview. anecdotes from the center, this was in the yellow and, and i was and work really trying to see the, the outcome in 90 minutes on d. w. the, you can draw the line between the spaces because i don't believe that space is, is a morally relevant criteria. and any more than i believe that rice or sex is un frontier in. 2 2 should. 2 2 we humans closer to a chimpanzee vanishing. pansy is even to

a dog. a dr. series about our complex relationship with animals. watch now on youtube. dw documentary, welcome to put tire time, those kinds of sofas. thanks to read. what do you get here? you can't get anywhere else in the world. in germany, if you go to a prostitute, a twice or 3 times as much and the other half the service. in 2023, a documentary uncovered corruption on child abuse. the youngest one, for example, let me show you this was now the film team investigates the the was executive have changed the red light, doc shadow,

6 tourism the a this is things i'll be in years life from ballot jubilation on the streets of the band with dash capital is the countries prime minister resigns. i'm pleased to india protests to stall and shake are seen as official residents in backups as others attack a statue of a fall, but the head of the army says you'll form an interim. government with multiple policies will bring you the latest elements breaking story, also on the program. diplomatic activity increase use of trust and release to try and de escalate, devising regional tensions. jordan's foreign minister makes