is going to be find it here, repos every weekend on d w. the face sparkle, big laser shimmer, and shine diamonds are rich, regal, a short, far way to make you feel like a queen, or at least the princess from wrappers to robbers and romantics, diamond to inspire and to rouse our emotion. when i saw his diamond fears, i mean, what makes the mistake cause this most mythical lift gems? the i don't actually own the diamond myself, but i've always been fascinated by them both as

a feet of nature and for what they represent. the diamonds are ingrained in our collective psyche as the ultimate symbol of love, status, and power. as carriers of curses, fuels of conflict and metaphors of resilience, humans have always been drawn to diamonds. but why? we're literally wired to look for shiny and look for sparkling all living things that can see have been programmed to look for something shiny or looks or something sparkly because it means water and water is months and done is just sparkled best. and they have so many stories to tell diamonds are seductive divisive and essential to our modern economies. but what does their journey look like? and are they really forever to find no head to the world's 5th largest producer of

diamonds, south africa, to one of its oldest and richest mines, the colon and diamond mine dates back to 1902. today it's the flagship assets of the mining company. petra diamonds, and to see 1st hand where diamonds originate, they're allowing me into the mind. after countless safety and security checks, i'm sued up and ready to go hundreds of meters underground. my heart is pounding as we start our descent. it takes a full 7 minutes to reach the bottom of the mine shaft. by the time diamonds get to where we combine them, they've come a long way. formed mainly between one and over 3000000000 years ago. more than a 150 kilometers below the earth surface, their intense heat and pressure caused carbon atoms to crystallized powerful eruptions later brought those crystals closer to earth surface. creating what's known as kimberly pipes, but not all types of the same. kind of them in mind is very special, like

a normal volcanic hit option, which is, is generally a cat, a cheat, the deeper you go, the more matter with gets the cutting and diamond mine consists of 3 different options in the same spot. so as the result, the pipe is a lot to the reason it's still producing after a 120 years in operations we've ever lived under ground. and if i expected it to be sparkling with diamonds, my 1st impressions of the block case or wind, noise, dirt, and darkness. gargantuan machinery is on the go down here 247. it's hard to believe i'm actually 839 meters below the surface of the earth, down at the bottom of the color and diamond mine shaft, and surrounded by an entire network of sheer kimberly walls. and who would imagine that? a diamond with all of its brilliance can actually originate from something as prosaic as this. our time is limited,

so my gods show me around the dark maze of collection points. and there's not a sparkle in sight. i'm still looking for a diamond in here. are you sure fit to get us put under the sun? okay. in all the time you've been here, you've never seen infinity as items. you haven't seen one. wow. that's how we lose . they are 30 carrots of diamonds per 100 tons of camber light. and a 5th of a grand per care that's only about 6 grams. and who said diamonds were rare, after extraction, the oars hoisted above ground for further crushing, washing and separation. the final step is the sorting house where the days haul about 4000 carrots is divided by hand according to quality its painstaking work and evident here that clear white diamonds are few and far between and found this mine has another surprising distinction kind of this, the premier sauce off type to blow down. one of the more acceptable stones really

competent recent times was the 29 cataract type to a. bu. it's sold for, for over $40000000.00 us dollars. and, and is the highest honors academy we've received for the type of offering price tag . indeed, but this mine is most famous as the birthplace of the largest gym quality diamond ever found. it weighed in at $3106.00 carrots, which could fetch a dizzy in $5000000000.00 us dollars today. this is a picture from the day it was found an absolute sensation. so this is what the colon and diamond looked like in its natural raw state when it was 1st discovered back in 19 o 5. now this is of course just a replica of it imagined finding a diamond is literally the size of your fist. and then on top of that, it happens to be of the finest gem quality. in the end, it was cut into 9 fantastic gems and any other smaller stones. and they've never

found another one, like the largest of the color in diamonds. now have pride of place in the bridges crowned jewels, one in the royal sceptre, and one in the imperial state. crown, indeed, it was royalty whose 1st course of diamonds is coveted. symbols of wealth and power . frances king louis the 14th was mad about them. and during his reign a most the most sumptuous collection in the west, his passion was fed by zoned up to you via an intrepid gen merchant and traveller, who brought many exceptional stones back to the french court. sparking craze among the european powers became a capital of high jewelry while and princes queens. even kings are rarely, without their diamonds to this day. the already in the 1st century, a deep kleinie. the elder rows of diamonds as the hardest and most precious of old stones. but they were 1st discovered in india,

where early descriptions date back to the 4th century b. c. prised for their brilliance and hardness. people thought they were created when lightning struck rock. and that they had magical properties. diamonds are distinctive as the only gemstone to consist of one single element, carbon, the same material as cold or profile. with a diamond strongly bonded crystal structure makes it the heart is natural, material on earth. the word itself comes from the greek adam us, which means indestructible indian royalty for diamonds in their uncut form in jewelry or as protective talismans. in bottles. by the early 14th century, diamonds were making their way to the major cities of europe. stocking the 1st coughing industries in venice and bruce, but it was in this port that diamonds really to cold,

becoming an integral part of the city's dna here and beautiful antwerp, which is the world capital for diamonds, elizabeth places to learn about diamonds. here is it, the diva diamond museum. following this museum explores the colorful history of the world's most precious materials, gold, silver, and diamonds, showcasing centuries of diamond craftsmanship and the dizzy in fascination. it has inspired from the science of diamond. cutting 2 are cultures of adornment. visitors can marvel at gemstones galore to raise her catherine the google guides me through the highlights of and trips nearly 600 year heritage is the world's diamond capital . the result of a complex convergence of trade in cultures that brought diamond experts and lasting wealth to antwerp. when trade routes from india were compromised by conflict, portuguese explore a vast go to gamma pioneer. the 1st,

the route around africa's cape of good hope giving antwerp a direct line to the world's only diamond source. he found a new route to india overseas and there was much safer and quicker they went up once a year to go to the india run. the big ships mix fleet took with them, amongst many other things, spices, tech styles. wow. so diamonds went of course 1st and this went to home, but then immediately to enter because it was a big harbor and center of, of europe. and it was a safe space in the 15th century, a major innovation sealed envelopes, reputation as the place to be for diamonds, the scale a polishing wheel, that revolutionize diamond, coughing, and vastly increased their popularity and trips local hero load of exxon back and his credited with his invention, and while historic evidence to this effect has been, his legend prevail

a ton back in was also allegedly jewish, and part of a community that was key to antwerp stymied success at a time when many countries restricted where jews could work, their diamond expertise flourished in antwerp, jews were not allowed to enter gifts, but one of the professions that they could do was diamond cutting diamonds, trading. so that's what they did. and another thing is, time is, are small. and you can take them with you very easily, even put it in your pocket. you can have a few millions in your pocket. and you can go somewhere else and use were hunted for many, for centuries. and so that was of this is they could take with them very well easily and then start over somewhere else. the historic connection between diamonds and the jewish people is still visible in antwerp, diamond districts, where over 1700 companies for diamond exchanges and diamond professionals from all over the world colleagues is in a tiny area and up the square mile. more than 80 percent of the roles, rough time,

and still pass through here, making it one of the most tightly guarded places in the world. come to 1000 security cameras, make sure millions worth of precious cargo can change hands quickly and safely. in solar and secretive for decades, these microcosm in the center of antwerp has fascinated the film industry. diamonds and not just about money is now not as the perfect backdrop for crime thrillers. some, even based on true events like the famous antwerp diamond ties that se, make off with over $100000000.00 worth of glittering loot. that to this day has never been found. the win supply in india began to dry up our cheese. no miners discovered edmonds in brazil. then an

oddly shiny pebble on a farm in south africa, a spark, the world's 1st diamond rush. so i had to africa's very 1st diamond mind now in the city of kimberly, from 1871 to 1914, some 50000 miners toiled here under brutal conditions. digging 240 meters into the earth, in search of the elusive stones lakes are to be funks. mine became known as the big hole today. kimberly's big hole is a major tourist attraction. it's the deepest man made whole on the planet. and a great reminder of how the global diamond industry began and it began largely thanks to the beers, a company that controlled production of most of the world's diamonds for over a century with a monopolist strategy that increased their value by making them artificially scarce . as one former term and observed psychology could do the rest.

the indeed, no one did more to anchor diamonds in public consciousness than to beers. after world wide diamond sail slumped during the depression of the 1930s, the company decided to whip up demand. we're better to do it than the united states were post for consumers and took off. the result was the most successful marketing slogan in history. a diamond is forever not only the queen to diamonds with romance, and determined love. it even told the young man how much they should spend 2 months the last forever and to be yours used popular culture to create a need for dime, a diamond this forever. the engagement ring was the anchor of what we were taught to believe and aspire to about diamonds. but they also did it by putting it movies. they paid the studios for that. they paid them to put that

jewelry in and to use the word diamonds. the movie titles, ebook titles in song di ad worked like a charm. if only 10 percent of american brides had diamond engagement rings in 1940 by 1990, that number skyrocketed to 80 percent the. but what about those blue stones? diamonds come in full colors of the rainbow, often due to trace securities, the element door on makes the diamond blue, while nitrogen makes it yellow, only one in $10000.00 diamonds has what's known as a fancy color, making them extremely rare. otherwise, the ideal diamond is colorless. the valuable diamond is largely decided by the 4 seas apparent weight. how big it is, the color, the clarity, the cost of the diamond created in the 1940s. the force,

these are universal method for assessing the quality of a diamond. in addition to color clarity, carrot weight, and caught a g i. a grading report certifies for the diamond is genuine. certification came into focus in the ninety's when the term blood diamonds emerged to describe diamonds used to finance, brutal, civil wars emblematic of the crisis for countries like sierra leone and angola. an international outcry led to the establishment of a global certification scheme to regulate the rough diamond trade. but when hollywood brought the crisis to the big screen in blood diamond, stirring jim on home to emily and under dicaprio, with the idea of diamonds as perpetuates of violence and suffering struck a numerous today. only 5 percent of rough diamonds come from ortiz and all sources, but an industry built on the spoils of colonial exploitation. had to do more to

restore credibility for diamond heavy weights like to be yours, right? down to smaller jewelry brands, ethical sourcing. and provenance became a new directive, but no system is water tight. today, russia is the world's largest diamond exposure, and it's war in ukraine means russian stones are, despite sanctions, the new conflict, diamonds, back to our 4 seas. and it's the cuts that brings out the magic, allowing a diamond to flaunt its fire. diamond cutting evolved over the centuries from simple polishing to cutting of facets to better reflect the night. today. laser technology makes cutting easier and more precise, but the fine polishing is still done by highly skilled artisans. paulina vellum is a, is a master cutter, and publisher at royal costs or diamonds in amsterdam were diamond cutting has a long tradition. she's been in the business for 36 years and you can compare, diagnose, let's say research work has grades so as to studies of great. so if they're of

diamonds and you only see one of his roles, then i know how to get assessments on it. i really have to study these roof diamonds and then you put this on this. and this message will be there. only a diamond can cause a diamond. so putting a code source case and a mixture of oil and diamond dust, you can pull this yourself, you're getting really know, put your hands on the home there with there. and then you will feel. so i found this case, doing that, you know exactly how lena is doing her part to keep the sparkle on a dying profession. she's the creator of the tiniest polish brilliance in the world of faith that earned her response. and mcginnis book of world records. just a fraction of a carrot, i need a microscope to see it. it's yet another landmark for a company that made its mark by revamping a signature crown jewels,

a queen victoria, on the silent 1852. she had to scold me nor diamonds, but it was very big, but not shiny and not sparkling enough. we sent to follow shift from world coastal diamonds to book them about us. and within 2 and a half months we, we polished as diamonds and also that she was really happy. she lost around $77.00 carrots. so that's a lot. and i can tell you, this is the most important diamond and work the in the world of diamonds going to or is it rocks chalk. it has seen the rise and fall of many empires. so it has passed to the hands of the local empress bushing shots, and leaves of countless tents hodges of been shot and then find it. and so in the british crown to, at this point, the british felt that if they could have the june of india, the goal, he moved they could have india. rena aaliyah is an award winning canadian artist

and jewelry designer. for years she's been captivated by a stone. she says is ingrained in the indian psychic queen or means mountain of light. originally from india, iran of ghana, stone and pakistan has only planned to it ever since a 10 year old maharajah was forced to hand it over to queen victoria. i always wanted to bring the cooking doors because i felt there was no diamond in all for history. back and get to it so much it carry so much of a motion. so much of baggage, so much of beauty is of power and conquests. the fact that legendary diamonds liked the quote he knew or were objects of such enduring desire, made things usually mysterious. other exceptional stones like the french blue, which later became the famous hope diamond, were even said to be cursed, financial ruin, suicide inside. and even the headings plague the hopes,

various owners, before it was safely deposited in washington, slipped sodium for all to admire. the roll of diamonds, if a visual language shines through in the world of hip hop, where jewelry became its own kind of subculture, diamonds, music teams as hip hop started to step into his power, like closer to the ninety's, the diamonds, of course, being a more expensive commodity to use became known as a status symbol. so you know hip hop, joy has always been rooted in having something that no one else had in her book, ice cold, hip hop to re history. victory explores how jewelry much of it, diamond encrusted, became a proclamation of identity with diamond studded name place, pendants, rings, and drills. hip hop artist took austin patients to a new level even enriching our vocabulary. like new orleans rap, her

b. g in 1999. about the term for flashy diamond studded jewels quickly went mainstream getting into the oxford english dictionary in 2003 today, the more the $90000000000.00 diamond industry is in constant flux. 90 percent of polishing now happens in india and lab growing diamonds are gaining in popularity as a vastly more affordable alternative. a welcome development for the fashion industry, but usually energy intensive, and with over 60 percent produced in india and china, their sustainability claims are still debatable. patrice for natural diamonds is still a solid one, with the cost of newer players reclaiming diamonds as a necessary part of african heritage. for design is like sierra leone born such on my tuesday and nigerian born selma, west diamonds can tell a different african still, right. i keep talking about what's,

why them because there are shining lights in the industry. i hope that they would be a wonderful template. you know, in terms of an african story where people actually empower from the natural resources that come from the drum. and so it says like tracy allison, a k, a, the diamonds girl agree, actively sharing her extensive diamond knowledge and ethical sourcing advice with over 1200000 followers on instagram as the world's 2nd largest producer. what's wanda, is africa's poster child for the positive societal impact, but diamonds can have diamonds account for 80 percent of exports and unique partnerships this time. and producers have made it a middle income country that provides free health care and education to all its citizens. back in johannesburg, more proof that diamonds are part of real change on the ground in africa is more leafy. late seeking a 2nd generation master diamond cover, and the 1st black on site holder at the beers. he's part of

a select group that can purchase the beers, rough diamonds in bulk. i remember, i mean stories of black people who saw that people were not even not allowed to to know how to cut in police diamonds. you know, and today to have somebody who's black and who's become the side hold, it goes to show how much change has happened over time. you know, and i think that's what makes me proud about it. is it via the games? the sense that times formation is really happened. the notion of beneficiary ation or more industry volume for diamond producing countries themselves is fundamental to empowering a growing community of african diamond professionals. back in antwerp, other players are countering the industries legacy with technology and new business models like h b and for which aims to revolutionize the diamond supply chain. using just one mind and both swanner, they deal only in stone, 3rd, 10 carrots or more so called industry specialists by cutting out all the middle men

in the supply chain. re managed to create upside of 40 percent on the diamonds that they're selling to the world to the government of atlanta compared to the previous often using block chain technology and its own closed loop system, a tree, antwerp can trace and log every step of the diamonds journey from mine to finger streamlining diamond processing means higher returns for the value chain and transparency for consumers in south africa, natural diamond support jobs and entire communities. and as petro diamond's ecologist shows me also bio diversity and extensive restoration efforts from mining, we also have to work sustainably. so what i'm doing is to look at the natural capital, look at your ika system functions and look at ways to actually preserve

those functions. diamond's needs to show that it's not just taking but giving back as well. the hardest, most resistant material owners has incredible staying power. and as a finite resource, diamond's rarity is also being put into perspective. the competition from in the diamonds is gonna, you know, impact the supply side of the equation. but i don't think that ultimately going to be, um, you know, a situation that puts the natural time industry out of business. humans. since the beginning of time has have one or, you know, rare and processing diable, you know, natural, johnstone's, and then precious metal. so, i don't think that's going to change any time soon. as a driver of change and culture through the ages. perhaps the diamonds mystique lies in the many contradictions that represents a stone that's clear tour, devoid of meaning, get invested with countless stories and emotional connections. as natural wonders, enhanced by and skilled diamonds are like mirrors objects to which we attach our

dreams and aspirations. prisons of possibility with a view to forever the

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the the, you watching the, the news live from berlin, the mall press. alan is a lot of man, putin as ukraine head. so i'm not like a bridge inside. russia is the 2nd major infrastructure i targets. key says it has destroyed in recent days. assets forces consolidates games in the course region. also at the is their idea strikes, scale more palestinians in gaza, even as the us secretary of state. i'm totally blanking as to the middle east to south east, east by a deal of how my says is an illusion. the .