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are in the far north of mongolia. it's an icy and rugged region tucked away from the rest of the world. the climate here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as santa and mongolian there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast, frozen lake the this way of shorter the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. the lakes making strange sounds to lori the

ice will break if it is at least the fingers set. for the reindeer board, accustomed to walking on snow, this crossing proves to be quite the challenge. the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days now. their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional 10 similar to a t p. luke is 30 years old. this is where he and his family spend winters. his wife is named who loved and they have 3 children. gonna is 6 years old. his sister is lula, is 3. and the youngest child is one

luke and his family are nomads and keeping with the traditional live style of the duca, they live in attend without modern amenities. they use a show for heating and cooking here's your hat. the family cook eats and sleeps and these 10 square meters, the lawn, shows us how they keep everything sorted. all in the this is the shelf where we start. all our kitchen utensils is this is where we keep our flour is just for there are the children, saddles and some blinking. if you missed here in the middle we have more blankets. i'm still and that's where we came across those and the mattresses inside the keep ourselves organized tags at

the duca r reindeer herders. sco luke cares for 40 animals, the duka cultivate a special relationship to their reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duca and mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened is now more than ever. the paducah live in the far north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. the seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duca followed the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer and

winter, they ventured across the tiger with their herds searching for the like, and that's the stains. they are animals. the, the duca, are a small group to avoid marrying a blood relative. the young man are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, a duca, man and woman will be with a remarkable occasion. and the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the 10. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world model. and what do you have a 12 to charge you for a cell phone?

and there's the issue of schooling for the past 15 years. the mongolian state has require duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters, almost at the opposite end of the step, a whole other great. this is the capital of mongolia, lombard toyota, with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old, my loan is duca. she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the tiger, i can be successful. over the course of a year, we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many. duca, family's rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost. the

news to reach the duka, we travelled more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the way to me. on the other side, the for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveler. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception. the we cross one final bridge and then reach. so i've gotten or the,

this is the northern most village in mongolia. holmes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duca the beyond the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination.

this valley, an altitude of 2000 meters, is where the duca spend their summers. they live in tents and small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers. the . each family has its own heard of reindeer. some 2000 animals are in their valley every summer. the duke i spend for months here, from june to september. this is a time to recuperate the for the long winter at the

fund mark saw and all share, well haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor, the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal. the father, microsoft does not seem altogether enthused because we're waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. and we said that you know what your answer will be shown to you at the groomsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man as wearing a red deal,

a traditional mongolian government that he must present a blue scar symbolizing the internal sky. if the father takes the scarf, it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leap. i know some good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will now be getting the ceremony of asking for the right hand in marriage. he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left. it is not here. the tradition dictates that one's the best man has initiated the ceremony. he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they?

the 15 minutes later, the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments. and they've been trying to send a message most of the time to leave just as i started or was you. there's no hurry, let's say fast. we do, we still have to work. i didn't come from, you know, i came to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is

but have left with his wife and the father accepts the scars of the year by approve the marriage of my strong will. daughter the best man can finally brita sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka. for the man in the valley, the real work has only just begun a few days later. to some of the to do you have a pencil. here's, here's where the everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future newly weds. where'd you learn this yourself? here? we told towels on our own. we do what seems right to us. the

groom is also helping bills. at 20 years old, he will be moving out of his family's tent for the 1st time. 50 on say is not taking part in the preparations. she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then, life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10th of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spent her whole life here.

her days are guided by her religious traditions. every morning she makes tea for her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs, i shall monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world. why is the nature in all its goodness, protect us, but humans and animals. that's what we say when we also teach the skies above. so the, the of animates the duca believes spirits and habit nature and all living beings. they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish and just like done on who o g is husband, they consider it a great privilege to care for them.

and then they take that we, who are born and raised and the tiger are the guardians of these mountains. and this beautiful nature reading here are we are in mongolia, raising them as the most beautiful thing in the world has to do the not on who and both g care for 100 range. here some reindeer are said to even possess some magical powers and are forwarded certain privileges. this one wears color full ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family 10th. he is their reindeer showman. this rain, direst state prison, fast plus for its lips within him. he protects the hood and who can take from illness and many other thing was

stanley spirit lives inside the reindeer table wasn't time. yes. the spurious of one of our intestines. well, she's 10 additional minutes help us choose the rainy day. during the sherman's guide, us to t n t gives us the wild o g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life are right decide their home. there's a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tend. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want good? yes, fine. today,

beau g doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before every wedding we say one for the top of all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago carefully maintained to have the visit working. yes, but it makes the noise to the well it probably sure. go ahead. i mean the, i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters to to can you? i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding

ceremony will take place in the very tent they're selling. that is if the reindeer leaves them enough material. the 6 days later, the wedding day has finally arrived, the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding. the can i forget them? before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. why not? this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that,

that was 3 times that's enough. inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back, the most sacred part of the tents. the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom gifts, the couple a leather lasso which should bring good luck. the use is less so to casual mount. then antonio, attend with it. grow prosperous with a launch had become the parents to many children the the, the no man spend all summer in this high valley where there's plenty of food for

the reindeer. but when winter rolls around, everything changes for the to cap the . as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duke and bring their reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the lichen to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods, with their small children, far from emergency medical services. they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves and bears the,

at the age of 6. and 3 donna and sula are already pitching in with the housework costa. hi, just when the snow melts becomes water. so yeah, that's why i'm connecting it. could you tell me do you want to try 5. yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that. the children have divided up a choice. gonna does the heavy lifting to 10 zoo last starts to prepare the t or

yeah, there's snow is no there for luke and long slaughter. only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. they don't breed them to eat them, but they do drink their milk in large quantities. with the rain to your milk is more nourishing, then a small meal for you. use the tub. tens of di lawn has named each one of the range here. hold on to us to use their all the same as you have, but to us each one is different. we should have ordered just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yes,

i need 3 and i man this is literally reindeer. this one is mine in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend most of their time outdoors. and they loved caring for the reindeer. yes. a man. i'm tying them up in the middle of the tiger. there's a small it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a showman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of this tree is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's

a sign that a powerful spirit lives in. it only is sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duka people believed spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 shannon's, the people. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. that is what you tell him, cause a spirit. and this guy moved inside me. he sometimes my feet high and i sense thing . i every kid in chicago in summer she lives in attend and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter who manages the household

the duca. come to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and how he feels that people come to me with questions. club hockey, they have they tell me when things are bad. how. what came in the colors to that once a month she must contact the spirits. so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so, the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her or her family. drawing my drum, this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. since exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her

eyes. the best long coat is worn as protective armour. evil spirits could try to attack or even killed her on her journey. before every ceremony, her daughter burns juniper. the hell did provide strength and cleanses everything. the the showman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she

no longer feels pain of the now it's happened. the spirits have taken over her body they convey their messages through send 66, and an unknown language. the she remains in the trance for 2 hours the fence suddenly everything steals. the showman is completely exhausted.

the spirit has spoken to the info. that's all she says, the spirits have given her other messages, she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is . he wants his son to live in freedom. busy but the duka are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more around the past decade, the mongolian government has mandated that no man of children attend school from

the age of 7. next winter governor will move with his mother to the saga, nor the only village in the region that has a school. so the families will be forced to separate. the law knows that our families, nomadic life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children, far away from the tank of her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duka. in order to give their children the state mandated education, they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains at the foot of the mountains as a wooden cabin built from tree trunks. outfitted with satellite dishes and solar

panels, and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home, the full jeep, the woman who introduced us to her reindeer sean and her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. imagine in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tiger looking after their reindeer. some gay is nearly 13. she's been going to school for 6 years. my pencil case. my compass. this is my english notebook. this is the old mongolian alphabet. overnight the temperature plummets the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen in the van shim gaze. brothers,

try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later, the van finally moves about shim gay will be very, very late to school. the, the van races over the step, something along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located, takes over 3 hours. it's 11 o'clock by the time some day finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes. or you and but um has been

the director of the school for 8 years. she is duka and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of whom are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through highschool as a stuffed reindeer is position in the schools for ya. when i sort of worked out the school as well, especially mongolian who was to because some of the students aren't do kind of that sort of way to get to moment of that. that's why we have this the glendale thing parts the people. so if we want you to teach of a few thoughts about the culture, and like i said, bring to get her to the full day. but that's where the non

to tradition stops. the school has embrace the modern technology from the 1st grade. teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was exposed to into effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school as a brand new dormitory. the children lived here during the week and everything is free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interest that goes slow. they live in to the students sleep 6 to a room, summer here, 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at

a time. is do you prefer it here or at home? i prefer thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here. while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tank at. 0 the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn, the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north. in the mountains they traverse deep into the ty got to find areas that are dense with like in the

they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter. the goal is to thank the spirits for helping us across this river with the white board detection in the spring time real so high that it's impossible to cross your to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar as the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor make the crossing dangerous . but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts can cross safely and continue on. the

nomads ride their reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks. the water here, good and good. in it's hewing, i'll show rate spring water in the after 2 days of traveling they reach their destination fully remote and like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer. from 15 families have gathered here the

on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin odin, why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the men will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin, a good, awesome young duca are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the milan back towards the capital in the middle of the step is home to 1500000

residents, half of mongolia as population lives here. the poor districts made up of small houses in europe or on the outskirts. no mans live here to look for work. the city center is growing. a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams. the model on the 19 year old duca student is discovering this new world. she moved here from the taiga 2 months ago to study of the for the stuff started last time. as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams. i'll have to have to look at. the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air of the water. i don't know i'm doing better and

hold on this and what i thought that's my question, the model and doesn't want to be a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. sort of, i thought, i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolian when she came to live on baltimore, she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west, the and all on bottled model and lives in accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building and the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students,

which is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent of $20.00 euros a month to support the duka, the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults regardless of whether they remain in the taiga or live in the city. the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years. every month i use that money to buy food. the gosh, to show us with the i said it isn't enough for everything. i need to buy some light clothing and school supplies. and despite the challenges, my own doesn't regret her decision to move to the city. in fact, she hopes others will found that when her footsteps done a day or 2 and good,

the children and young adults from the tiger should come here to receive the same education as the people and bachelors who stay with needs, which i don't think you forget your home or native language, when you study here and 4 sided condition so much without school and university, i can be the people of the taiga instead of children, will be an educated and cut off from the world and good team and just the model. and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duco wants to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the

august of cov, pushing on the inside the ring. so this a new generation against stereotype prison news for the future. in d w. respect its own about

a walk in waves and fixing nature. that's right, sandra, respecting, nature, studying aids, i mean it's about being up to date with coming tardy is technologies training for the e co way of life, the environment magazine, the co advocate in 90 minutes on the w, the living in a society is for that's concepts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think i pretend as in this leaving, what is home? how do we talk of the major issues about time? talk about the system, or if there is

a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our system. our series continues. dodson henderson on the w the . this is the w news, and these are our top stories in the us day 2, if the democratic national convention is underway in chicago. after president joe biden address delegates with an emotional speech on monday. former president obama is lined up to speak. you'll be making the case for the democrats presidential candidates, carmella hart, us secretary of state on to me, blanket has arrived in katara as diplomatic efforts continued to secure a ceasefire between israel onto a month or earlier. he met with egypt,

president abdel for tom l. c. c and of egypt. a keen negotiate.