with us, we'll have more news and analysis at the top of the hour for you. i'm kind of handling thanks so much for watching dw state your take care. the name is the calls back. said loud. thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold bad. a lot of people do that. as soon about paying a loud noise would have been nosy de la. good. everyone to king, to check out the award winning called call. don't call back. we are in the far north of mongolia. it's an icy and rugged region tucked away from

the rest of the world. the climate here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as sandtown and mongolian. there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast, frozen lake. the this way is shorter. the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. that makes making strange sounds. don't worry, the ice won't break if it's at least 3 fingers that kind of for the

reindeer, for a custom to walking on snow. this crossing proves to be quite the challenge the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days now. their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional 10 similar to a t p. luke is 30 years old. this is where he and his families spend winters. his wife is named who loves and they have 3 children. gone out is 6 years old. his sister in law is 3, and the youngest child is one. luke and his family are no mat in keeping with the traditional live style of

a duca. they live in a 10th without modern amenities. they use a stove for heating and cooking. here's your hat. the family cook eats and sleeps and these 10 square meters long shows us how they keep everything sorted, more money to the business, the shelf where we store all our kitchen utensils is helpful. this is where we keep our flower. these are there are the children. saddles and some blinking if you missed here in the middle, we have more blanket time stuff and that's where we came across those and the mattresses, time storage and find out that we keep ourselves organized. paying that

the duca r reindeer herders. a luke cares for 40 animals. the duka cultivate a special relationship to their reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duka in mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way, largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened is now more than ever. the paducah live in the far north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. this seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duca follow the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer and winter, they ventured across the tide, go with their herds,

searching for the like them that sustains their animals. the . the duka are a small group to avoid marrying a blood relative. the young man are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, a duke and man and woman will be wed, remarkable occasion. and the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the 10. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world model. and what do you have a 12 charger for a cell phone? and there's the issue of schooling for the past 15 years. the mongolian state has

require duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters at the opposite end of the step, a whole other great. this is the capital of mongolia, lombard toyota, with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old, my loan is duca. she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the tiger, i can be successful. over the course of a year, we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many duke of families, rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost the

noon to reach the duka, we traveled more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the weight to me on the other side. the for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveler. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception. the we cross one final bridge and then reach saga nor the,

this is the northern most village in mongolia. the homes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duka, the beyond the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination.

this valley at an altitude of 2000 meters is where the duka spend their summers. they live in 10 small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers. the . each family has its own heard of reindeer, some 2000. the animals are in the valley every summer, the the duca spend 4 months here from june to september. this is a time to recuperate before the long winter at the foot mark saw an oshea. well haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married

the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor. the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal for the father. microsoft does not seem altogether enthused. we're waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. sevedino and your answer will be shot. you at the groomsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man as wearing a red deal, a traditional mongolian garment that he must present

a blue scar symbolizing the internal sky. if the father takes the scarf, it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leap. i know some good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will now be getting the ceremony of asking for the right hand in marriage. he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left. you a is not here. tradition dictates that once the best man has initiated the ceremony, he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they? the 15

minutes later the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments. and they've been trying to send a message the most of the time you leave, just as i started to do, there's no hurry, let's say fast we do, we stopped working and i didn't come from, you know, i seemed to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is

to but have left with his wife and through the father. except this car was here by approve the marriage of my strong will daughter to be the best man can finally breathe a sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka. for the men in the valley. the real work has only just begun a few days later. i'm gonna to do you have a pencil here's. here's the everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future. newly weds. where'd you learn this yourself? you're the task sounds on our own. we do what seems right to us.

the groom is also helping build at 20 years old. he will be moving out of his family's tent for the 1st time. fiance is not taking part in the preparations. she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10th of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spent her whole life here.

her days are guided by her religious traditions. every morning she makes tea for her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs action monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world, the nature in all its goodness, protect us, but as humans and animals, that's what we say when we also teach the size of, of of animates the duca believes spirits and habit nature and all living beings, they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish. and just like done on who o g is husband. they consider it a great privilege to care for them.

at this table that we, who are born and raised and the tiger or the guardians of these mountains and this beautiful nature reading here are we are in mongolia. we're using them as the most beautiful thing in the world has the job. the not on who in bold g care for 100 reindeer. some reindeer are said to even possess and magical powers and or afford at certain privileges. this one wears colorful ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family 10th. he is there reindeer showman. this rain, direst state prison, fast plus for its lips within him this he protects the hood and his can take us from illness. these movements many other thing was

stanley spirit lives inside the reindeer table wasn't time. yes. the spurious of one of our intestines. well, she's 10 additional minutes help us choose the rainy day during the summons guide us to t and t gives us the wild o g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life by decide their home. there's a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tent. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want good? yes, fine. slow today, but she doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding

preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before every wedding we say one for the top of all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago, carefully maintained isn't working. yes, but it makes the noise. should i oil it? sure go ahead. running about i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters. i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding ceremony will take place and the very 10 they're selling. that is if the reindeer leaves them

enough material. the 6 days later, the wedding day has finally arrived. the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding. the can i forget them? before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. and this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that that was 3 times. that's enough.

inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back, the most sacred part of the tents. the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom gifts, the couple a leather lasso which should bring good luck to use this last so to casual mount. then antonio, attend with it, grow prosperous with a launch had become the parents to many children. the no man spend all summer in this high valley where there's plenty of food for the reindeer, but when winter rolls around,

everything changes for the duca the as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duke and bring their reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the lichen to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods. with their small children, far from emergency medical services, they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves. and the bears the

at the age of $6.00 and $3.00 donna and sula are already pitching in with the housework custom. hi, just when the snow melts becomes water. yeah. that's why i'm connecting it. could you tell me? do you want to try 5 . yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that. the children have divided up a choice. gonna does the heavy lifting and zulu starts to prepare the t

yeah. the snow is no there. for luke and long slaughter, only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. they don't breed them to eat them, but they do drink their milk in large quantities. of the food, the reindeer milk is more nourishing and a small meal. the type tens of di lawn has named each one of the reindeer. yes. hold on to us. the tennessee was there all the same. yes, but to us each one is different. we should have water just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yeah. throughout i man.

this is literally reindeer. this one is mind in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend the most of their time outdoors and they loved caring for the reindeer. yes ma'am, i'm tying them up in the middle of the tiger. there's a small, what it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a sherman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of this tree is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's

a sign that a powerful spirit lives in it. only as sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duke of people believe spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 shannon's, the people a lot. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. that is what you tell him, cause a spirit. and this guy moved inside me. sometimes my feet high and i sense thing. i every kid in japan and summer, she lives in a tent and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter who manages the household the duca come

to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and he's seen that people come to me with questions about how they, how they tell me when things are bad, how much came in bold colors to that once a month, she must contact the spirits so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so, the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her for her family. tom, drawing my drum. this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. a sense exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her eyes. the

long coat is worn as protective. armour feeble spirits could try to attack or even kill her on her journey. before every ceremony, her daughter burns juniper. the count can provide strength and cleanses everything. the shellman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she no longer feels pain. now has happened.

the spirits have taken over her body. they convey their messages through 766, and an unknown language. the . she remains in the trance for 2 hours the fence suddenly. everything steals. the shellman is completely exhausted. the spirit has spoken. sometimes the info.

that's all she says, the spirits have given her other messages, she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is . he wants his son to live in freedom, but the duka are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more the for around the past decade, the mongolian government has mandated that no matter the children attend school from the age of 7. next winter gone, i will move with his mother to got newer,

the only village and the region that has a school the family will be forced to separate from knows that her families nomadic. life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children, far away from the tiger, her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duca. in order to give their children the state mandated education, they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains at the foot of the mountains as a wooden cabin built from tree trunks. outfitted with satellite dishes and solar panels and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home,

a full gee. the woman who introduced us to her reindeer sean and her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. imagine in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tie go, looking after their reindeer. some gay is nearly 13. she's been going to school for 6 years. my pencil case. my compass. this is my english notebook. this is the old mongolian alphabet. overnight the temperature plummet. the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen in the van. some days, brothers try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later,

the van finally moves about shim gay will be very, very late to school. the . the van races over the step, bumping along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located, takes over 3 hours. it's 11 o'clock by the time sham. gay finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes or you in but um has been

the director of the school for 8 years. she is duka and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of whom are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through high school as a stuffed reindeer is positioned schools for ya. when the school is round, especially mongolia who was to because some of our students aren't due to the sort of what to get them on. the 4th of that, that's why we have this the glendale that's being tied to the people. so if we want you to teach of a few thoughts about the culture and like i said, bring to get her to the full day. but that's where the non tradition stops. the school hasn't braced modern technology

from the 1st grade. teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction . we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was supposed to, it's effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school is a brand new dormitory. the children live here during the week and everything is free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interest that goes. so they live here in to the students sleep 6 to a room summer here, 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at a time. is this is do you prefer it here or at home?

i prefer thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tango. 0 the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn, the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north. in the mountains they traverse deep into the ty got to find areas that are dense with like in the

they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across the treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter. the goal is to thank the spirits for helping us across this river with the white board detection and spring time. a developer is so high that it's impossible to cross george to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar of the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor. make the crossing dangerous. but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts came across safely and continue on the

the no man's right there reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks the water here, good and good. in it's healing a show rate, spring water and the after 2 days of traveling they reached their destination. a fully remote m, like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer from 15 families have gathered here the

on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin. oh why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the man will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin. so the house i'm young duca are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the lawn batch was the capital in the middle of the step is home to 1500000 residents,

half of mongolia as population lives here. the poor districts made up of small houses in europe or on the outskirts. no mans live here to look for work. the city center is growing. a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams. the model on the 19 year old duca student is discovering this new world. she moved here from the taiga 2 months ago to study of the service desk cetera. as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams. i'll have to have to look at. the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air, the water. i don't know, i'm doing better. and what i'm doing and what i thought that cycle

model and doesn't want to be a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. sort of, i thought it was, i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolia. and when she came to learn about or she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west, the and on back toward model and lives in accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building in the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students,

stating that it is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent of $20.00 euros a month to support the duca. the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults, regardless of whether they remain in the taiga or live in the city. the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years. every month. i use that money to buy food. d gosh, check each of us with p. c s, but it isn't enough for everything. i need to buy some light, clothing and school supplies and to despite the challenges model and doesn't regret her decision to move to the city. in fact, she hopes others will found that when her footsteps are the day of goodness and good, the children and young adults from the tiger should come here to receive the same

education as the people and bachelor to stay with needs, which i don't think you forget your home or native language, when you study here and 4 sided thing, they should do much without school and university can be the people of the taiga instead of children, will be an educated and cut off from the world and good post team and dished the model and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duka wants to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the

gym and research team wants to save lives worldwide. by making m r i technology most flexible up to now the equipment has been too heavy and expensive. move and half of the world's population had no access to us. now, 3 researches have developed a new system. an opportunity for millions of people is made in germany. in 30 minutes on d w, the

discovery stories change your mind. just a click away. find out best document trees on you to see the world, the subscribe. now to dw talking entry on the long voyage through the ocean and mother, i'm back with account for a long time. they had to be humans on the journey. but now the premises have become very protect the ocean conservation

w the . this is the w news, and these are our top stories in the us day 2, if the democratic national convention is underway in chicago. after president job, i didn't address delegates with a new motional speech on monday. former president obama is lined up to speak. you'll be making the case for the democrats presidential candidates carmella, hurt us secretary of state on to me, blanket has arrived in katara as diplomatic efforts continued to secure a ceasefire between israel on 10 months earlier. he met.