magic thing, this will have mold world news at the top of the have a good the name is the calls back said wow, thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold bad. a lot of people do that. it's all about saying a loud noise would have been nosy de la. good, everyone to king, to check out the award winning called call. don't call back. we are in the far north of mongolia. it's an icy and rugged region tucked away from

the rest of the world. the climate here is extreme. temperatures can plunge to minus 45 degrees celsius in winter. this is the home land of the duca known as sandtown and mongolian. there among the last nomadic people in the world to travel on reindeer away and shut up, or on their way to see their brother who lives high up in the mountains to reach him. they must cross this vast, frozen lake. the this way is shorter. the ice beneath them is continuously expanding and contracting over the course of the day. but likes making strange sounds. don't worry, the ice won't break if it's at least 3 fingers that for the

reindeer, for a custom to walking on snow. this crossing proves to be quite the challenge the 2 men had been traversing the snow, covered mountains and passes for 2 days now. their brother lives completely isolated in the heart of the tiger. he lives in this traditional plan, similar to a t p. for luke is 30 years old, this is where he and his families spend winters. his wife is named who loves and they have 3 children. gone out, it's 6 years old. his sister is lula, is 3. and the youngest child is one. luke and his family are no match in keeping with the traditional life style of

a duca. they live in a tent without modern amenities. they use a stove for heating and cooking. here's your hat. the family cook eats and sleeps and these 10 square meters, the lawn, shows us how they keep everything sorted more in the business, the shelf where we store all our kitchen utensils is helpful. this is where we keep our slower is just for there are the children's bottles and some blinking if you missed here in the middle, we have more blanket time stuff and that's where we came across those and the mattresses inside out, i would keep ourselves organized saying that

the duca r reindeer herders. so luke cares for 40 animals. the duka cultivate a special relationship to their reindeer. who luke and his family are among the last of the duca. and mongolia, there are just 200 people still living this way. largely removed from the modern world. their traditional way of life is being threatened is now more than ever. the paducah live in the far north of the country right on the border of russia. this vast and remote region is notoriously difficult to access. the seclusion from the rest of the world has enabled us nomadic people to preserve their traditions. originally from the land of siberia, the duca followed the same customs their ancestors did centuries ago. in summer and winter, they ventured across the tiger with their herds searching for the like and that

sustains their animals. the duka are a small group to avoid marrying a blood relatives, the young man are encouraged to look for a wife outside their own community. but in summer, duke, a man and woman will be with remarkable occasion. and the 1st such wedding and many years prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. but all their traditions are at risk of disappearing. and technology is making its way into the 10. 8 0 6 it's difficult to shut out all the temptations of the modern world model. and what do you have a 12 to charge you for a cell phone? and there's the issue of schooling for the past 15 years. the mongolian state has

require duka children to attend school from the age of 7. this law means families are separated for entire winters, almost at the opposite end of the step, a whole other great. this is the capital of mongolia lawn, bottled with its bustling streets and modern buildings. the 19 year old, my loan is duca, she left her family home to study here the even though i'm from the title, i can be successful over the course of a year. we gained an inside look into the day to day lives of many, to cut families, rare insights into the centuries old traditions and customs of an indigenous people in a world that's on the precipice of being lost. the,

the, the, to reach the duka. we traveled more than 1000 kilometers across the stem. we drove for 3 days on treacherous trails. we journeyed over rivers and bridges that our driver was not always so keen to cross the way to me. on the other side, the for hours and hours we rode without encountering a single traveler. there were neither road signs nor telephone reception. the we cross one final bridge and then reach. so i've gotten or the,

this is the northern most village in mongolia. the homes are sprawled across the shore of this vast lake. about 1200 people lived here. it's the gateway to the world of the duca. the beyond the village, the roads become even more difficult to navigate by car. we get out of our vehicle and venture forward on horseback. the mongolian riders help us scale the steep mountains and reach our destination.

this valley, an altitude of 2000 meters is where the duca spend their summers. they live in tents and small groups. the camps are spread out across a few kilometers. the . each family has its own heard of reindeer, some 2000 animals are in their valley. every summer, the duke i spend 4 months here from june to september. this is a time to recuperate the for the long winter and the fund monk saw and all share, well haven't anything but a quiet summer. their eldest daughter has told them she wants to get married

the this morning. the parents are expecting a visitor. the best man of their potential son in law is coming to extend a formal proposal. but the father, microsoft does not seem altogether enthused because you were waiting for the people who are asking for my daughter's hand in marriage. most of it, do you know what your answer will be? shot you at the groomsmen have arrived or shay the mother of the hopeful bride to be as inside the tent looking rather reserved to the best man as wearing a red deal, a traditional mongolian government and he must present a blue scar symbolizing the

a tunnel sky if the father takes the scarf, it signals the marriage proposal has been formerly accepted. the best man stands up to start his speech. but in the very same moment, the parents of the hopeful bride get up to leave. the good morning to all those gathered here. the best man launches into a speech. thank you for being here. we will no begin the ceremony of asking for the bright hand in marriage. he's so nervous that he doesn't realize her parents have left. it is not here. the tradition dictates that one's the best man has initiated the ceremony. he's not allowed to sit down again until it's concluded. where are they? the 15

minutes later, the parents are turn dressed in their finest garments. and they've been trying to send a message. most of the time to leave just as i started as you guys know. all right, let's say fast, do we still have to work or i didn't come from, you know i came to give you the scar from exxon. it's a matter of pride and honor. i assure you that your daughter will be marrying a man from a good family. agatha is trying to stall as long as possible. the longer he deflects the more clear it becomes just how cherished his daughter is but have left with his wife through the father except the scar of

the the year by approve the marriage of my strong willed daughter to be the best man can finally brita sigh of relief and enjoy a glass of vodka. for the man in the valley, the real work has only just begun. a few days later. i'm gonna too much. do you have a pencil? here's, here's the everyone has gathered today to build furniture for the future, newly weds. where do you learn this yourself? you don't have sounds on our own. we do what seems right to us.

the groom is also helping bills. at 20 years old, he will be moving out of his family's 10 for the 1st time. fiance is not taking part in the preparations. she gave birth a month ago. it's common among do got to have a child before getting married. the child is living proof of their commitment and loving bought the the wedding will take place in 2 weeks in accordance with the lunar calendar. the until then, life in the valley continues a few kilometers from the 10s of the brides and grooms parents as the camp of bo g . she's 42 years old and was born in the tiger. o g has spent her whole life here. her days are guided by her religious traditions of every morning. she makes tea for

her family. while her children are still asleep, she performs a monic ritual. she offers the 1st t of the day to the spirits of the natural world. why is the nature in all its goodness, protect us, but as humans and animals, that's what we say when we also teach the skies above as animates the duca believes spirits and habit nature and all living beings. they live in harmony alongside their reindeer animals. they especially cherish and just like done on who low geez, husband. they consider it a great privilege to care for them. at the table that we,

who are born and raised and the tiger are the guardians of these mountains and this beautiful nature. reading here are we are in mongolia, raising them as the most beautiful thing in the world has the job. the not on who and bog care for 100 reindeer. some reindeer are said to even possess some magical powers, and a forwarded certain privileges. this one wears colorful ribbons around his neck and is the only reindeer allowed to enter the family 10th. he is there reindeer showman. the this rain, direst save prisoners off plus for its lips within him. he protects the hood and his can take from illness. many other thing was

stanley spirit lives inside the reindeer. this up table wasn't time. yes. the spurious of one of our intestines was your 10 additional minutes help us choose the rainy day. during the summons guide us to t and t gives us the 12 o g is a close observer of duca traditions. she has also begun to incorporate some modern inventions into her life. right? decide their home. there's a curious yellow tent with a make shift antenna. it is the family's telephone tend. 8 their. 9 body can call her eldest daughter, who lives in the village. hello, did you sleep well, did you want to die? yes, fine. today, beau g doesn't have much time to spare. she's taking part in the wedding

preparations. let's get into the account of this for attendance as well. before every wedding we say one for the couple all the women in the valley gathered to take part. they brought out their old mechanical sewing machines for the occasion. machines from generations ago carefully maintained the visit working yes, but it makes the noise to the well it probably sure. go ahead. i mean the, i'm now a bit more but not too much. we bought 100 meters to to can you? i hope that's enough. the women need to work quickly because the wedding ceremony will take place and the very 10 they're selling. that is if the reindeer

leaves them enough material. the 6 days later, the wedding day has finally arrived. the bride and groom and their wedding party ride over on the white horses. white is a lucky color that symbolizes the purity of their union. the couple is dressed all in purple. they're expecting $100.00 guests at their wedding. the. let's forget them. before entering the tent, the bride and groom must circle it 3 times, distributing reindeer milk, all the while. and this ensures their prosperity and abundance that, that that was 3 times. that's enough.

inside the guests sit on the floor to eat and drink. the parents are seated at a special table arranged for the occasion in the back, the most sacred part of the tents. the young couple hardly utter a word. they are feeling shy and emotional. the father of the groom, gift to the couple of leather lasso which should bring good luck to use this last so to catch your mount. then antonio tent with it grow. prosper us with a launch had become the parents to many children. the the, the no man spend all summer in this high valley where there's plenty of food for the reindeer. but when winter rolls around,

everything changes for the duca the as soon as the 1st snow falls, the duke and bring their reindeer further north into the mountains. there they can find the lichen to nourish their hurts. we meet luke and his family again. they are living here fully isolated in the middle of the woods, with their small children, far from emergency medical services. they'll spend 6 months in this remote wilderness, which they share with wolves, and the bears the at the age of $6.00 and $3.00 donna and sula are already pitching in with the

housework costa. hi, just when the snow melts becomes water. so you get a 2nd while i'm connecting it. could you tell me do you want to try 5. yeah, that's great. i wouldn't be able to carry that. the children have divided up a choice, gonna does the heavy lifting. and then zoo last starts to prepare the t off.

yeah, the snow is no there for luke and long slaughter. only one or 2 reindeer every year to week. so they don't bring them to eat them, but they do drink their milk in large quantities. with the rain to your milk is more nourishing and a small meal for you. the tub tens of di lawn has named each one of the reindeer. yes, sir. hold on to us. the tennessee was there all the same. yes, but to us each one is different. we should have water just like humans. they all have their own distinct characteristics. yes, i mean throughout i man this is literally reindeer. this one is mind

in winter temperatures range between minus 10 and minus 45 degrees celsius. despite the extreme conditions for children spend the most of their time outdoors and they loved caring for the reindeer. yes. a man. i'm tying them up in the middle of the tiger. there's a small it's home to one of the most formidable members of the community. since 66 is 61 years old. as a showman, she's able to communicate with spirits. the name of this tree is always green. that's why it's a sacred place. it's a sign that

a powerful spirit lives in. it only is sherman may hang ribbons of honor on its branches. the duka people believe spirits exist in every being. since 66 facilitates a link between humans and the invisible world. she's one of the communities, 3 shannon's, the people, a lot. i became a showman when i was 37 years old. that is what you tell him, was a spirit. and this guy moved inside me, sometimes my feet high and i sense thing. i every kid in chicago in summer she lives in attend. and in winter she lives in this hot with her daughter who manages the household

the duca. come to this hot to seek counsel from the shop and he team this people come to me with questions about how they, how they tell me when things are bad. how, what came in bold colors to that once a month, she must contact the spirits. so they can relay their messages. if she fails to do so, the spirits may seek retribution by attacking her for her family. time drawing my drum. this drum symbolizes a horse one that allows her to gallop through the spirit world. since exec needs to dawn, special garments the spirits will possess her body and see the world through her eyes. the

. this long coat is worn as protective. are evil spirits could try to attack or even kill her on her journey. before every ceremony for daughter burns juniper, the which helps to provide strength and cleanses everything. the the showman summons the spirits falling deeper and deeper into a trance. she no longer feels pain. of the now it's happened.

the spirits have taken over her body they convey their messages through send success and an unknown language. the . she remains in the trance for 2 hours the fence suddenly. everything steals. the showman is completely exhausted. the spirit has spoken to you. what is your name?

the info that's all she says. the spirits have given her other messages, she must deliver them personally to the recipients. the traditions define what it means to be duca. he wants everything to remain as it is . he wants his son to live in freedom. but the duka are no longer living in isolation. the outside world is encroaching more and more the around the past decade, the mongolian government has mandated that no man of children attend school from the age of 7. next winter governor will move with his mother to the saga,

nor the only village in the region that has a school of the family will be forced to separate. the law knows that her family's nomadic life will never be the same from now on. she will spend every winter in the village with her 3 children, far away from the tank of her husband and their reindeer. this is the dilemma facing the duka. in order to give their children the state mandated education, they must sacrifice their traditional way of life. the located on the sweeping plains at the foot of the mountains as a wooden cabin built from tree trunks. outfitted with satellite dishes and solar panels, and a marker of luxury in this region and off road vehicle. this is the winter home of

full jeep. the woman who introduced us to her reindeer showman, her family's lifestyle in the winter months is quite different than what we saw in the summer. imagine in me. she lives here with her children. her husband spends the whole winter in the tiger looking after their reindeer. jim gay is nearly 13. she's been going to school for 6 years. my pencil case, my compass. this is my english notebook. this is the old magole and alphabet. overnight, the temperature plummets. the family wakes up to find the diesel has frozen, and the van shim gaze brothers, try to warm it up with a blow torch. several hours of effort later,

the van finally moves about shim gay will be very, very late to school. the . the van races over the step, something along the pass, the drive to the village where the school is located, takes over 3 hours it's 11 o'clock by the time some gay finally arrives. the school director is waiting for her you and you just got to you? yes or you and but um has been

the director of the school for 8 years. she is duka and was born and raised in the tiger. there are $550.00 students at the school in total 70 of whom are duca. the there was instruction from elementary through highschool as a stuffed reindeer is position in the schools for ya. when i sort of worked out the school as well, especially mongolian who was to because some of our students aren't do tend to get them on the that's why we have this the glendale, that's the part the people. so if we want you to teach of a few thoughts about the culture, and like i said, bring to get her to the hosting. but that's where the non to tradition stops. the school has embrace the modern technology.

from the 1st grade, teachers are already integrating screens into their instruction. we've been using this tv for less than since last year. was exposed to its effect of words to the children, learn better behind the school as a brand new dormitory. the children lived here during the week and everything is free for the families. the mongolian state covers the cost in the interest that goes. so they live here in to the students sleep 6 to a room summer here, 5 days a week. others whose parents are away in the tiger. stay for months at a time. is do you prefer it here or at home?

i prefer thing at home. i like to hear more. why? because the school is here. while the children attend school and their mother stay nearby, the village to come in are alone in the tank at. 0 the winter migration is a critical time for the duca. every year in late autumn, the nomads bring their reindeer to the far north. in the mountains, they traverse deep into the tiger to find areas that are dense with like in the

they need to ride over fast winter landscapes and across the treacherous rivers. they're constantly fearful that they're reindeer will be injured or even die on the journey. this is an alter, their goal is to thank the spirits for helping us across this river. both the white board detection and spring time developing so high that it's impossible to cross georgia to win the favor of the spirits. it's customary to throw 3 stones on the altar as the combination of the fast current and the rocky floor make the crossing dangerous. but the spirits watch over the travelers and the hurts can cross safely and continue on. the

nomads ride their reindeers for 8 hours a day. they rarely take breaks the water here, good. good. it's healing a show rate spring water and the after 2 days of traveling they reached their destination. a fully remote m, like in dense valley, that herders only recently discovered in one month 800 reindeer from 15 families have gathered here the

on this mountain slope at the edge of the forest. the duka built this log cabin odin, why she has a nice little house, but there's enough space for all of us. the men will spend winter in this 20 square meter cabin as the young duca are turning away from the traditional nomadic lifestyle and instead or trying to build a life in the city, the milan back towards the capital in the middle of the step is home to 1500000 residents, half of mongolia as population lives here. the poor districts made up of small

houses in europe or on the outskirts. no man's live here to look for work. the city center is growing. a landscape shaped by modern buildings, glass towers, and traffic jams. the motto on the 19 year old duke student is discovering this new world. she moved here from the taiga 2 months ago to study of the the stuff started last time. as soon as i got here, but i wanted to go straight home just so i could hardly stand the noise and traffic jams. i'll have to have to look at. the air is so dirty when i started getting pimples on my face from the air of the water. i don't know i'm doing better. and what i'm doing and what i thought that's my question. my own doesn't want to be

a reindeer herders. she's come here to pursue her goal of becoming a sports teacher. sort of, i thought it was, i feel i need to study to get on the same level as other mongolian when she came to live on baltimore, she discovered consumerism. she had never seen such huge shopping centers before. inside there are displays of cosmetics, watches and luxury imports from the west, the and all on bottled model and lives in accommodation for low income students. it's located in this building and the city center. she shares a dormitory with 5 other students, which is my bed. this accommodation costs are the equivalent

of $20.00 euros a month to support the duka. the mongolian state pay the stipend to all adults regardless of whether they remain in the tiger or live in the city. the mongolian state gives every adult about 70 years every month. i use that money to buy food, the gosh, to show us do it. so that isn't enough for everything. i need to buy salt lake clothing in school supplies to despite the challenges model and doesn't regret her decision to move to the city . in fact, she hopes others will follow in her footsteps done a day or 2 and good. the children and young adults from the tiger should come here

to receive the same education as the people and bachelors who stay with needs, which i don't think you forget your home or native language. when you study here and 4 sided thing, they should do much without school and university can be the people of the taiga instead of children, will be an educated and cut off from the world and good post team and dished the model. and we'll wrap up her studies in the next 4 years. she told us she doesn't want to return to life and attend and the tiger. but she is the exception. despite the encroaching modern world, most young duka wants to continue living the way their ancestors did. as the guardians of the last reindeer in mongolia, the

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visit is b, w. news life. and then a high school coach to and state government accepts the democratic nomination to be vice presidential candidate. is that how well turn the page on donald trump, that's how we'll build a country where workers, comp, 1st health care and housing are human rights. symbols, flies up, date 3 of the democratic national convention. as it becomes cumberland. how does this official dividing? might also in the program how much to enhance moving the victims of israel flights as the deadly strikes on gaza as mediations in cairo continued to seek us the spot us presidents as is israel is prime minister to me.