i am jared read in building. thank you. so your company, the name is the calls back. saved loud. thank you so much for joining in. welcome to don't hold bad. a lot of people do that. it's all about saying it loud match. would it be nosy, bailey good, everyone to king? you're healthy award winning called called the whole back. the container ships are the giants of world trade. whether

bananas, t shirts or televisions, most of our do to reach us by sea. but these huge ships leave a major environmental footprint, their stats spears and masses of greenhouse gases kind of shipping industry transition to bring fuel before it's too late. the, it's a cold january day in berlin, and unusual folks, the electronic is about to embark on an important test voyage from berlin's big industrial harbor which has taken sebastian up and bring and his colleagues years to get to the states together

the develop, the world's 1st few addition to about the ships, motors don't run on diesel, but some factories and 3 hydrogen fuel cells. the team from berlin is technical university is nervous. noise surfaces. know if it's a new ship, a new system, it's all new, so anything might happen. moving on the internet, maybe a fuel cell won't start today for the hydrogen system will leak. it may be an inverter will fail and we can switch over to the batteries, but that means that me anything can happen. and that makes me a bit nervous. i'm definitely, i hope everything goes to plan tomorrow. one of them does have a stuckey. if the electro it doesn't pass that the certification testimony, 16 years of work will appear in the

this is how the fits propulsion system works. hydrogen storage and fuel cells. we have oxygen which the ship takes in from the air, generating electricity to power the motors. only emission is clean water. gets a milestone in the fight against climate change. a lot depends on tomorrow's test. and not just for the project team. is the last test is still running its gun. i'm starting the fuel cell the electricity become a model for the entire industry. most ships still run on marine, diesel, and heavy fuel oil which negatively affect the claimant. all in all shipping consumes about $300000000.00 tons of fuel per year.

the shipping vessels are these massive amounts of air pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment, including $1000000.00 tons of c o 2 per year. that's more than germany's total annual. i've cooked sideways of the ships travel international routes each year. they have long been exempt from claimant policy, the because the ships are always traveling between countries and coincidence. it is difficult to attribute their emissions to individual nations the the international maritime organization based in london is responsible for regulating motor time transport is 176 member countries all have very different interest

bucks in 2018. they did agree to the 1st joint claimant target 50 percent reduction of c o. 2 emissions by 2050 from 20 we levels, claimant activist called irresponsible and to to the streets. the point to the fact that many countries seem to be claimed that neutral by 2050 countries, they take responsibility for their main shipping missions. everything falls between the lines, the amount, the shipping, and it says it's moving countries it's, it's a vast amount on what's on the type of maintenance will know what it might come as a surprise at the crucial increase. the claimant action is coming from the shit. splinters, the shipping companies, one of the largest is a danish company mask. it wants to be c o. 2 neutral by 2050. their because recruited biologist jakob sterling from the world wildlife fund to

devise a corresponding strategy for it split most getting our ships. yeah, i'll be over 700 ships. actually image 0 point one percent of the global c o 2 emissions. so if someone ever thousands on substitute that is being made it on this planet come from one of our ships. i think that's a massive responsibility that we need to to do something about but doing something would require building new types of ships. what should these vessels look like? and what fuel should they use? building a container, ship costs of 100000000 euros or more effect. so normally has a life span of more than 20 years. that thing on the wrong technology would be a disaster. but time is running a claim in action and ecological responsibility or no key factor. she think many

corporate strategies our direct customer behavior is changing and how invest us uh, beginning to, to ask a different questions about this and being much more serious about it. if we don't act with speed on this as a company, we might become irrelevant. so far, shipping companies have focused on saving fuel to better fit design. because this also save some money optimized, both shape reduces energy consumption by up to 8 percent. streamlined, how can save up to 20 percent and reducing speed. also costs fuel consumption significantly.

the ditch harnessing the wind can also help save energy. an idea of being pursued by mchale foss, a ship's captain and university professor. we're lucky. you can talk to one system in which one is and we discovered a seal system invented by german engineer, antoine slip. not in the 19 twenty's the let no police rotating cylinders on the decks of ships since diesel was cheat back then, his idea did not catch on the let know to the sweat in the road or essentially when the system propulsion for ships always re emerges when the fuel prices are high, the collection of pies, the whole percent. this was the case in 20 o 7 when we kind of foss decided to develop a flattened or wheel chair for motoring cargo ships at the end. and they are

university of applied sciences to use as a model of placing a wind tunnel to test the rotating cylinders properties. he wants to know what type of surfaces best and how big the cylinder should be. this is how the flattening realtor system works. an integrated motor starts rotating the cylinder the cylinder draws air pests. when, when it says here, it is carried along an accelerated on one side of the realtor and slowed down on the other side. this propels the ship forward, the, the amount of propulsion depends on when speed and direction as well as realtors. since the weather at sea cannot be controlled,

researchers are running tests to find the optimal realtor speed for different wind conditions. and they've learned that faster isn't better. realtor speed must be adapted to wind conditions. those small phones from planet always pull on. that was a bit of a breakthrough for us. so i, you know, we realized that and you get a lot more out of a road or when you control it. well, thank the central i think we were the 1st in the world to do this like this. that's tom, and of course the others are now doing it to us, but i believe our research led the way we share feeling this is squared. ralph ultimately comes. he studied with me co foss years ago, and it's been a fun, that's a flight. no router ever since he advises shipping companies, uninstalling rooters on their vessels, something that requires careful planning the

fundamental will reduce the diameter of the base and then it can go through the fox of the got the doors, then they got some full installation would require several changes to be made to the ship stacking but altman's must convince the ship owner 1st. let's see. we have a duty not doing. we'll go up through the bridge and cut through the deck and then into the wheel house to destroy the house and on some of the occupants of charles ultimate is determined by each most is this, these i would like to see these rotors become standard equipment and shipping secondary model is allowing it to become more sustainable. it's not hard to, i'd like to see that happen as soon as possible. like now for that's my drink. this might come but things move slowly in the shipping industry. only a few ships hoping, equipped with water so far. although ship owners are reluctant to invest in the technology, a few projects are now in the planning stage. higher energy prices and the need to

reduce c o 2 are making the investment worth while. that's because us letting our router can reduce fuel consumption by about 50 percent the fall improve propulsion systems like realtors, as well as better ship design and piloting can greatly reduce c o 2 emissions studies show this won't be enough for shipping to become claimant neutral peak industry needs a new fuel but both alternative to diesel and heavy fuel are there these days there's an especially good supply of liquefied natural gas or g. it's already used by german shipping company, lloyd, while it's still a fossil fuel,

ellen gee produces less pollution 20 and release shown once, unless we are constantly looking at what is technically possible to reduce emissions and, and in l. n. g is widely available. the infrastructure exist uh the regulations are in place and this means we can reduce emissions herron's. now the world's 1st conversion of a container, shift to liquefied natural gas propulsion occurred in 2020. the seminal moment was the installation of the l engine tank. a 1300 ton receptacle placed into the belly of the ship by a flushing crane. its precision worked, an entire cargo hold had to make way. so the new piece of that conversion was a pilot project, incorporating many custom made components,

planning and installation to 2 years. these these, the brussels express transports containers between asia and northern europe. the cob type lloyd has placed orders for more l n. g powered vessels because gas has several advantages over heavy field, oil and diesel. above all the cuts during the carbon footprint of these giants compared to diesel burning l. n g release is 80 percent fewer nitrogen oxides about 20 percent less c o 2 but there's a catch some engines, a low methane to escape greenhouse gas, but measured over a century is 30 times more harmful than c o. 2 messing can also escape into the atmosphere during l n. g production and transport as

a fuel is not yet to claim that neutral c to client as soon as the goal is planning to become climate neutral. and we went to achieve that with fossil fuels. and then gene that sounds reduce emissions, but it's certainly an interim solution. and so to, to show in the long term will needs synthetic fuels into that. a lot of green energy must be available, which is not yet. and the k just i'm just interested to attend one such solution is green hydrogen has used on the electra tube timberland. it's about to undergo its certification test. whether the electro can become a model for the future of shipping depends on what the inspector see. the ship's hydrogen powered engine must be able to deliver enough power.

the electric power system, a novel combination of batteries and fuel cells is up and running. no one has any experience with such a system, but at 1st thing we'll have to work right away. first, the team prepares for a speed test as much as the electron muscle reach 10 kilometers per hour. otherwise it may hold up other ships. the finished goods such as right now speed is definitely our biggest concern on the next question is whether we can travel as far as planned with the energy on board. um do you need us to plan to time the electro reach 10 kilometers per hour.

now who's watson, i system and i was a bit nervously during the speed test at full throttle. and actually we were all relieved when the speedometer showed 10.2 kilometers per hour hosting. we could have done more, but decided to pull back on this part of the canal. the speed limit is 10 kilometers in our any way, and we didn't want to take on necessary risks to decline the maximum. what's the 1st stage completed? the electra don't set a harbor in nearby spend. but that was just the start, the 2nd 65 meter long bar, just last to the boat. it looks empty, but it's loaded with many tons of ballast water. this will test the electron even further so far as sebastian often brings in his university call. these are pleased with how things are going but more

challenges lie ahead. the team is an uncharted waters, the the will the boat perform pushing this huge barge is 150 meters long. the team is heading toward sponsor. the electra is no pushing a load of around $1500.00 tons. will the hydrogen and battery charge be enough? if all goes well, the electro will be pushing barges like this one from berlin to hamburg next year. the test run is over vase in tucson. it was very interesting. it was my 1st time out on the ship and it was a really nice, quiet,

like you're just gliding along this side of us devoted well in all the tests. it's great that everything works so well from the initial idea, all the way to realization, which was really to look up. oh, okay. and so i see there was a lot of work. oh yeah, i've seen him lots of blood, sweat, and tears from many people. but we've reached a huge milestone or some quotes now we can carry on. couple of them on such pilot projects. also interest marketing, thomas from one of germany's largest ecological institutes for over 15 years. he's been working to advance the transition to green energy and shipping. and his just within the study on alternative fuels for him, hydrogen propulsion has both benefits and drawbacks. to quote this preston hydrogen is certainly an option for shorter distance as all going to across the atlantic. we need other fuels and then both were a bit skeptical. as to whether hydrogen would be feasible, difficult,

mostly signed the hydrogen supply in factories should a low the electronic travel about 400 kilometers on a single charge for shits traveling close to shore. that's not an issue. the container ship spend many days crossing the atlanta and they would need to store so much hydrogen for their trips. there will be hardly any room for cargo on top of that, the batteries would have to be so big and heavy. the ship would sink 2 reasons. hydrogen isn't suitable for powering container ships. these vessels need a different climate friendly fuel. one that performs well, because these giants require massive amounts of energy. the engines

and their bubbles are as big as houses on an average d. c. they burn a 120 tons of fuel that corresponds to the daily energy use of around 30000 households in germany. once more, all systems on board cargo ships are geared towards the use of diesel and heavy fuel oil. and their crews are only trained and using that type of engine another advantage of using fossil fuels bunkering for refueling is possible at any time and almost anywhere in the world. the, we've been used to basically using diesel for the last 100 years and shipping. now

we have fairly short timeframe to reimburse something completely different, but which fuel should be? yeah, of sterling and his colleagues agree that neither the production nor consumption of the new fuel should admit greenhouse gases. the team is considering hydrogen ammonia, unconventional poll 3, can be produced with the lead energy for the thing that but the whole have one major drawbacks. the green fuse, the re believe of the future. eh, queen fuse that do not exist as it scales today. i think i'll main challenge is that we need to build that basically a completely new marine fuel industry from scratch. many experts believe that ammonia would be the most suitable. it is already mass produced and could be easily transported and stored in tanks. like here in rush,

the ammonia is not yet for just using clean energy, but i can collect fruit on her calling in spots or convince this can change both specialize in developing green technologies. they are parts of a larger team seeking to advance the production of green ammonia in ne, germany they hope the fuel can become a means dean, commercial shipping to that. and they founded camp fire or research and business consortium assaults. when the advice, if we want to reduce emissions and stop producing c o 2, and we need an energy dense carbon free energy source. and ammonia is the solution to this region is ideal for ammonia

production. for years, large volumes of the chemical have been shipped to and from the washington the counselor consortium to make use of existing infrastructure. the best stuff in the port of ro stuck already has pneumonia storage facility. and it's a relatively short distance across the baltic sea to scandinavia, some cognitive green ammonia is also being pioneered there. so that's a key focus for our collaboration to them of 8 or 10 solutions. and hopefully we in the region believe will soon be able to use ammonia shipping fuel. i'm going to happen to be to, to just to talking to but as is the case with so many green fuel, there's a catch with ammonia to, to date, there are new market ready engines available. scientists from the university of ro stuck probably to change that. they are involved in developing ammonia engines for

use on ships and here is the heart of the future. yes, interesting engineers and technicians are working on it now. stuff for you. on the sciences plan to install this engine and i got to research have ammonia fueled engines. behavior sees none of this has been done before when i got something a we've installed a lot of safety charts. so if there's a leak, we won't get any flash back, fire was all the time and we'll dismantle the engine and reassemble it on the yacht . safety measures are required because ammonia is toxic. even at low concentrations, it can damage the skin, eyes and lungs. while they work, the scientist must follow a strict set of guidelines. so

there has been little research into how the ammonia behaves when burned in an engine. nobody knows what to expect. the scientists hope they're work with this research engine will change that. they are ready to monitor everything from fuel consumption to engine temperature and composition of the exhaust. the ship running on a monia would admit to mediately nitrogen, which is already presence in the air. another byproduct, washer vapor burning ammonia doesn't produce carbon dioxide. but it can create harmful nitrogen oxides including nitrous oxide quotes in greenhouse gas that must not be released due to the atmosphere, the

sensors to the engine measure of what levels of nitrous oxide for other nitrogen oxides are produced during combustion. the research are still need to develop catalyst to neutralize those fun wanted. sometimes they are confident they will soon succeed. only then can this type of engine be used in a shit? the beyond spirit heading the development of these engines, can fires advancing the production of green ammonia. the needed renewable energy is expected to come from wind turbines in the region. kind of funds, it's out of sight. now. we cannot wait another 20 years to bring

a mooney of fuel to the market. we'll need to get this job done within 3 to 5 years . if we're to achieve our goal. and ladies time the most of this there is still a long way to go. but even industry leaders are interested in the mooney as a new shipping fuel yak of sterling and his team are expected to launch max for 0 emission ship soon. the company has brought its claimant target forward. it now seems to be claimant neutral by 2040 crude ammonia be the solution where the german physicists, bennett, human head of green fuels sourcing at mercy is looking into it today. she will be inspecting a world 1st. the engineers at the research center of marine engine builder,

amy and copenhagen are developing a large ammonia engine that can be used to power container ships. ahead of the research center we are not fully are, has come in to show him on the test engine. where we have opens here for where you can see here at the bottom here we have the piston. when the piston connects to the crankshaft, replace at 1st, only one of the 4 cylinders will run on the moon. here we can one step by step, the team names to test the whole engine. at least we have so we have nothing more than 2000 census you, including also high speed cameras inside the combustion chamber. so we can follow exactly what happens in each revolution of the engine. then we can follow exactly how the flame is expanding in and how is facing the process. and we can make the adjustments, emmy,

and estimates that developing the ammonia engine will last through 2024. because nobody knows exactly when the 1st engine will reach the market. so it must be really difficult to prioritize say that in a mind can see that the money isn't a viable option yet. seems into the effect of a lot of issues still need to be explored design. you mean, how do we design the ship? so it's safe, a bunkering bunkering. how do we get the fuel on board? we need to answer all these questions and a single flight comb. perhaps ammonia will be a solution in the future, but mass doesn't want to wait much longer. global trade is growing and with it the fleets of cargo ships according to the international maritime organization. this

could mean an increase of c o. 2 emissions of up to 50 percent by 2050 without counter measures are increasing, consumption will continue to burden the claimant. it presents an ever growing risk for humans and the environment. the calls for change are growing louder. impact of climate change is already being felt and legal frameworks are being tightened. in 2021 the you published it's fit for 55 program with new climate protection legislation. we now have a package that can take us to our goal, which is not a legal obligation of reducing our emissions with at least 50 by 2017,

which was set us in the past assignment neutrality by 2050. this proposal makes us frontrunners because this is the 1st legislative initiative of its time the for married time transfer in 2024 regulators, added maritime transport to the european emissions trading scheme. the commission also ruled that by 2050 ships must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent it was pretty clear that we needed to step up. and if it's on the compensation, and one of the results was that was the establishment of at the couple of us agency that's, that's just dedicated for this agenda only. and the way of i know, i think we are 5060 piece of work to actually the team is working hard on finding a solution. we fairly quickly came to the solution that if we want to have impact

in this decade then method, our dream method. oh, it would be the right choice because the engine technologies ready. the, the also speaking that institute has also decided to back method all technology. the institute research has climate change and operate several research ships in 2019, they decided to replace the science special ton with a more claimant friendly ship, the biologist, mika ok. so i guess is overseeing the construction of the new ton at the start, the team carefully considered various propulsion systems. batteries would have been too heavy, liquid gas, too expensive of highly to michigan. now we're entering the engine room. you know,

that's fixed. the engine is the heart of the ship. so let's hear the invite and these are the 2 special ends i look for. these were originally marine diesel engines. the 1st even more to but were converted to run on method all for this ship . one realistic to meet on the no expert had informed clog this method or was an option. i know that i should for the thing, but either one of our ship building consultants had a leader bottle of method all in a suitcase. i could not be able to spare. he put it on the table and said, look, gentlemen, kind of, this is how easy it is for me to bring you the shipping fuel of the future. and off on 5, imagine the effort if i had wanted to bring liquefied natural gas in a pressurized container on the diving side. so that's an all is only half as energy dense as diesel require much bigger fuel tank. so this is the room with all the

scientific equipment. it was a challenge for the team of the shipyard to fit everything in, but they seem to have succeeded. so it's amazing how much you can attack of such a small ship if you're not going on to the island one. so it will be the world's 1st ship of this size to run on green method. all the construction of the new ton began in 2020, at the fast mass ship yard and northern germany. it took almost 2 years to complete the fees or the vessels method. all engines, nothing all is mostly purchased from natural gas. but officials at the institute one to these engines to run a produce from sustainably source hydrogen and c o 2. this is where things get

complicated to ship running on method. all of them, it's mostly walter vapor. but during combustion, the engines also released the c o 2 used to produce the method all for the method all to be considered climate neutral. this, you too must not come from fossil sources. the fuel is only green that the carbon dioxide was extracted from the hair, came from a natural source like a bio gas plant. the fuel powering that return matches these criteria. you might have cryptic, is that climate shift someone recently said small ship, a big role model of boxes for them. and there's a lot of truth to that should v i v. because with this vessel in full, we are following a power. no one has ever taken with a ship of this size. i'm not to do that. we are putting a nearly c o 2 neutral research vessel into service is unique. just this one i just

got. we're happy and proud that we've managed to do all the software, so this is where you come up. the ship was finally ready to launch in the summer of 2020 to the new hotel on south, on launching ramp above the visa river. ready to be put into the vulture for the 1st time the the date had to be postponed twice because essential components could not be supplied due to the war in ukraine. finally everything was ready to go. the

success to see where the the best so was to to a war for work could be completed. the good on was just about ready to depart. but there was just one more problem. the listeners for the event and get sign the yeah, the next step is to find suppliers who can produce and sell a screen method on the, on the grid has to be that's a job for our shipping company. has paying phones because the mass face the same problem, put on a much larger scale. a single container ship. it's almost $300.00 times as much method all as a good con. i wrote in $50000.00 tons a year. but in 2021, only 200000 tons of green method over produced worldwide. we found a loss of say, one and

a half year back. and this chicken and egg limit where we on the one hand. so we're ready to, to order a ship that could run. i'm pretty mess. no. but we couldn't really see who would, who would fill the tank. eh, i know, on the other hand they were, we talking, we were talking to a lot of different potential being mentioned or supply us. is that one to supply us mean method though, but the couldn't get started on building up the production because there was no customers that were willing to commit to the american decision in favor of method. all this is no changing the shipping company is searching to meet the fuel soon. visit him on is responsible for procurement. a news, it won't be easy. when you have always fun to share the challenges that these are completely new supply chains. know if we are, these are a new project on and plants for producing green method or green fuels on this scale have not yet been built on. this can only be done in partnership. investigate as of

the case notes has. i'm in progress. we have mirrors of can't do this a lot. i know the whole industry must work together. the slayings p. o was it into them. all right. what's more, the transition to green fuels? could increase costs for shipping companies many times over the doesn't really make sense that the green fuels that do not preclude the planted a way more expensive. that the fossil fuels that do. and that has to change the very concrete and practical steps that both you and i'm all have to take. now. it says implementing implementation office. you to techs, i c o, 2 techs on shipping. that would make it more expensive to use foss with base to walk up. sterling and his team are counting on that happening soon. they have ordered 19 method ocean, which are now being built in size korea. all of them can run and boost method all

and diesel say addiction equipment and they will be ready by 2025. may i ask, who's already secure the green method will need it for the shit. several of their partners will increase production to 2000000 tons over the next few years. but even that would be enough in the future. we also said just indicate a signal to everyone in the industry and both engine manufacturers and, and the fuel produces that we would from now on only order ships that could run on green fuels when items, i mean when

a company leads the way that can affect which fuel prevail? i like this, but it also sets an example and may have a certain promotional effect that it takes mind home for the to my dream for the future is to get the 1st green fuel projects off the ground. the 1st green method, all projects, and we must start implementing the solutions in the shipping is on the brink of a transformation, new technology stand ready to par. these giants of the scenes the could soon be a revolution on the water. one that would make cargo ships, one of the cleanest means of transport in the world. the green shipping is ready so long. it's waiting for a tail wind from business and government, the

or the, i think i got stuck on a piece here. somebody who knew, but i would just go out to die. millions of people around the world can't attend school even though the un defines the human rights education for everyone. but how the over in 30 minutes on the w. mushrooms side of the world. tenure, one to many people are convinced they kind of the country has

a thriving mushroom industry conditions there are ideal for cultivating that refreshes unhealthy alternative to me. you could have bridges there in georgia with the, with the much the minute michelle's here for you and the shelter for the co advocate . in 90 minutes on d. w, the living in a society is full of contrasts and inequality is a big challenge. many problems can only be solved by working together. yes, i think i pretend isn't misleading. what is home? how do we talk over major issues about time? talk about the system if there is

a significant risk of human extinction from advancing our system. our series continues to and it says on d, w the, this is dw in use, and these are out top stories. the is riley military has rescued another, all of the hostages taken by hamas. and the all type of save and tara attacks is riley officials say they kind of eat fun, l comedy, a member of israel's are a bit better when minority had been freed following a complex rescue operation, he's now recovering in hospital prosecutors into us have issued a new indictment against former president donald trump. the indictment who is part of the case where he's accused of trying to either to and the result of the 2020 election in.