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container ships or the giants of world trade, whether bananas, t shirts or televisions, most of our do to reach us by sea. but these huge ships leave a major environmental footprint. their stance spirit, the masses of greenhouse gases, kind of shipping industry transition to green fuel before it's too late. the, it's a cold january day in berlin. and unusual folks, the electronic is about to embark on an important test voltage from berlin's big industrial harbor. the

chickens, the best in athens bring and his colleagues years to get to the state together. the develop the world's 1st. you addition to about the ships, motors don't run on diesel, but on factories and 3 hydrogen fuel cells, the team from berlin is technical university is nervous noise surfaces? no. if it's a new ship, a new system, it's all new. so anything might happen. moving on. the internet, maybe a fuel cell won't start for the hydrogen system will leak. it may be an inverter will fail and we can switch over to the batteries, but that means anything can happen, and that makes me a bit nervous. i'm definitely, i hope everything goes to plan tomorrow for small i'm offering to 7 stuckey. if the electro it doesn't pass that the certification testimony,

16 years of work will repeat in the this is how the fits propulsion system works. hydrogen storage and fuel cells. we have oxygen, where's the ship takes in from the air, generating electricity to power the motors? only emission is clean water. gets a milestone in the fight against climate change. a lot depends on tomorrow's test. and not just for the project. is the last test is still running, it's done. i'm starting the fuel cell. the electricity become a model for the entire industry. most ships still run on marine, diesel, and heavy fuel oil, which negatively affect the claimant. all in all shipping consume to buy $300000000.00 tons of fuel per year

shipping vessels, or at least massive amounts of here pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment, including $1000000.00 tons of c o 2 per year. that's more than germany's total annual solutions of the ships travel international routes each year. they have long been exempt from claimant policy, the because the ships are always traveling between countries and coincidence. it is difficult to attribute their emissions to individual nations the, the international maritime organization based in london is responsible for regulating motor time transport is 176 member countries all have very different interests.

but in 2018 they did agree to the 1st joint claimant target a 50 percent reduction of c o. 2 emissions by 2050 from 20. we levels, claimant activists called irresponsible and to to the streets the point to the fact that many countries seem to be claimed that neutral by 2050 countries don't take responsibility for that right. in shipping missions, everything falls between the lines, the amount, the shipping, and it says it's moving countries it's, it's a vast amount on what's on the type of alignment. we'll know what it might come as a surprise that the push for increased claimant action is coming from the shit. splinters. the shipping companies, one of the largest is a danish company mask. it wants to be c o. 2 controlled by 2050

nurse because recruited biologist jakob sterling from the world wildlife fund to devise a corresponding strategy for its police. most getting our ships a hell of a be over $700.00 ships actually image 0 point one percent of the global c o 2 emissions. so some one ever 1000 tons of c o 2. that is being immediate on this planet come from one of our ships. i think that's a mess of responsibility that we need to, to do something about. but doing some of the thing would require building new types of ships. what should these vessels look like? and what fuel should they use? building a container, ship costs of 100000000 euro is a more offense. so normally has a life span of more than 20 years. that thing on the wrong technology would be a disaster. but time is running a claim,

inspection and ecological responsibility or no key factor. she think many corporate strategies our direct customer behavior is changing and how invest us uh, beginning to, to ask a different questions about this and being much more serious about it. if we don't act with speed on this as a company, we might become irrelevant. so far, shipping companies have focused on saving fuel to better ship design. because this also save some money optimized, both shape reduces energy consumption by up to 8 percent. streamlined, how can save up to 20 percent and reducing speed also helps fuel consumption significantly.

the harnessing the wind can also help save energy. an idea of being pursued by me. hail, fast, a ship's captain and university professor. lucky you can talk to one system in which one is and we discovered a seal system invented by german engineer, antoine slip. not in the 19 twenty's the let no police rotating cylinders on the decks of ships since diesel was cheat back then, his idea did not catch on the let know to the sweat and the road or essentially wind assisted propulsion for ships always re emerges when the fuel prices are high, the production of pies, the whole percent. this was the case in 20 o. 7,

mchale foss decided to develop a flat and a realtor for modern cargo ships at the end in the university of applied sciences. to use as a model placed in a wind tunnel to test the routing cylinders properties, you wants to know what type of surfaces best and how big the cylinder should be. this is how the flight know routes are system works. an integrated motor starts rotating the cylinder the cylinder draws air pest. when, when it hits this here, it is carried along an accelerated on one side of the router and slowed down on the other side. this propels the ship forward, the, the amount of propulsion depends on when need and directions on as well as realtors

speak. since the weather at sea cannot be controlled, researchers are running tests to find the optimal routes are speed for different when conditions and they've learned that faster is a better realtor. speed must be adapted to wind conditions. that small phones from planet always pull on. that was a bit of a breakthrough for us. so i, you know, we realized that and you get a lot more out of a road or when you control that. well, thank the central i think we were the 1st in the world to do this. like homeless, that's tom and of course for the others are now doing it to i believe all research led the way. let me share feeling this is squared ross ultimate is, comes in. he studied with me co foss years ago, and it's been a fun that's a flat no router ever since he advises shipping companies,

uninstalling rooters on their vessels. something that requires careful planning the fundamental will reduce the diameter of the base and then it can go through the fox will dec victoria been doing it some for installation would require several changes to be made to the ships decking, but ultimately must convince the ship sooner 1st, you have a duty not doing, we'll go up through the bridge and cut through the deck and then into the wheel house to install your house and on some of the assistance of charles ultimate is determined, both east most is dusty. so i would like to see these rotors become standard equipment and shipping secondary model is allowing it to become more sustainable. that's when on. now, how do i'd like to see that happen as soon as possible? it's like now for that's my journey, that's my home. but things move slowly in the shipping industry. only a few ships hoping, equipped with router so far. although ship owners are reluctant to invest in the

technology, a few projects are now in the planning stage. higher energy prices and the need to reduce c o 2 are making the investment worth while that's because us letting our realtor can reduce the fuel consumption by about 50 percent the fall improve propulsion systems like realtors, as well as better ship design and piloting can greatly reduce c o 2 emissions studies show this won't be enough for shipping to become climate neutral industry needs and new fuel football is alternative to diesel and heavy fuel. are there these days there's an especially good supply of liquefied natural gas,

or l n g. it's already used by german shipping company, lloyd, while it's still a fossil fuel, ellen gee produces less pollution 20 they show new ones on. we are constantly looking at what is technically possible to reduce emissions and, and, and then g is widely available. the infrastructure exist uh and regulations are in place, and this means we can reduce emissions herron's. now the world's 1st conversion of a container ship to liquefied natural gas propulsion occurred in 2020. the seminal moment was the installation of the elements and a 1300 ton receptacles placed into the belly of the ship by a floating cream its precision worked. an entire cargo hold had to make weight for the new piece of and the conversion was

a pilot project, incorporating many custom made components, planning and installation to 2 years. these days, the brussels express transports containers between asia and northern europe. the tide lloyd has placed orders for more l n. g powered vessels because gas has several advantages over heavy fuel, oil and diesel. above all the cuts during the carbon footprint of these giants compared to diesel burning l. n g release is 80 percent fewer nitrogen oxides about 20 percent less c o 2 but there's a catch some engines, a low methane to escape greenhouse gas, but measured over a century is 30 times more harmful than c o. 2 missing can

also escape into the atmosphere during l n. g production and transport as a fuel is not yet the claimant neutral seat is client the go they've cleaning to become climate to neutral. and we went to achieve that with fossil fuels and then gene that sounds reduce emissions, but it's only an interim solution to, to show in the long term will need synthetic fuels. and to that, a lot of green energy must be available, which is not in yet, and the k just interested in just the top one such solution is green hydrogen has used on the electra tube of timberland. it's supposed to undergo a certification test, whether the electro can become a model for the future of shipping depends on what the inspector c of

the, the ship's hydrogen powered engine must be able to deliver enough power. the electric power system, a novel combination of batteries and fuel cells, is up and running. no one has any experience with such a system, but everything will have to work right away. first the team prepares for speed test as much as the electron muscle reach 10 kilometers per hour. otherwise it may hold up other ships. the finished goods such as right now speed is definitely our biggest concern on the next question is whether we can travel as far as planned with the energy on board. um do you need us to plan to time the electro reach 10 kilometers per hour.

now who's watson hired as the sun and i was a bit nervous during the speed test at full throttle. and actually we were all relieved when the speedometer showed 10.2 kilometers per hour hosting. we could have done more, but decided to pull back on this part of the canal. the speed limit is 10 kilometers in our any way, and we didn't want to take on necessary risks requiring the maximum what's the 1st stage completed? the electra don't set a harbor in nearby spend, but that was just the start, the 2nd 65 meter long barges washed to the boat. it looks empty, but it's loaded with many tons of ballast water. this will test the electron even further so far as sebastian often

brings in his university call. these are pleased with how things are going, but more challenges lie ahead. the team is an uncharted realtors. the will the boat perform pushing this huge barge? is 150 meters long. the team is heading toward sponsor. the electra is no pushing a load of around $1500.00 tons. will the hydrogen and battery charge be enough? if all goes well, the electro will be pushing barges like this one from berlin to hamburg next year. the test run is over. vas dentist?

one it was very interesting. it was my 1st time out on the ship and it was a really nice, quiet, like you're just sliding along this side of us devoted well, in all the tests. it's great that everything works so well from the initial idea, all the way to realization which to really to look up. okay. and so if you don't have a lot of work, you have lots of blood, sweat, and tears for many people. but we've reached a huge milestone or some quotes now we can carry on. some of them such pilot projects also interest marketing, thomas from one of germany's largest ecological institutes for over 15 years. he's been working to advance the transition to green energy and shipping. and his just within the study on alternative fuels for him, hydrogen propulsion has both benefits and drawbacks. to quote this preston hydrogen is certainly an option for shorter distance. and also going to cross the atlantic.

we need other fuels and involved. we're a bit skeptical as to whether hydrogen would be feasible, difficult, mostly signed the hydrogen supply in factories to the low. the electronic travel about 400 kilometers on a single charge for shits traveling close to shore. that's not an issue. the container ships spend many days crossing the atlanta and they would need to store so much hydrogen for their trips. there would be hardly any room for cargo on top of that. the batteries would have to be so big and heavy. the ship would sink 2 reasons. hydrogen isn't suitable for powering container ships. these vessels need a different claimant, friendly fuel. one that performs well, because these giants require massive amounts of energy. the engines

and their bottles are as big as houses on an average d. c. they burn a 120 tons of fuel that corresponds to the daily energy use of around 30000 households in germany. what's more, all systems on board cargo ships are geared towards the use of diesel and heavy fuel oil. and their crews are only trained in using that type of engine another advantage of using fossil fuels bunkering for refueling is possible at any time and almost anywhere in the world. the,

we've been used to basically using diesel for the last 100 years and shipping. now we have fairly short timeframe to reimburse something completely different, but which fuel should be? yeah, of sterling and his colleagues agree that neither the production nor consumption of the new fuel should admit greenhouse gases. the team is considering hydrogen ammonia, unconventional bowl 3 can be produced with lead energy to think that but the whole have one major drawbacks. the green fuse that we believe of the future. eh, queen fuse that do not exist next at scale. today. i think i'll main challenge is that we need to build that basically a completely new marine fuel industry from scratch. many

experts believe that ammonia would be the most suitable. it is already mass produced and could be easily transported and stored in tanks. like here in rush, the ammonia is not yet for just using clean energy, but i can collect fruit on her calling and sparkman or convince this can change both specialize in developing green technologies. they are part of a larger team seeking to advance the production of green ammonia in ne, germany, they hope the fuel can become a means the and commercial shipping. to that end, they find it come fire or research and business. consortium assaults advice. if we want to reduce emissions and stop producing c o 2, and we need an energy dense carbon free energy source. and ammonia is the solution

to this region is ideal for ammonia production. for years, large volumes of the chemical have been shipped to and from the washington the counselor consortium to make use of existing infrastructure. the how many do you have? the port of ro stuck already has pneumonia storage facility and it's a relatively short distance across the baltic. sea to scandinavia, some cognitive green ammonia is also being pioneered there. so that's a key focus for our collaboration to them of a door can switch to him and hopefully post office. next we in the region believe will soon be able to use ammonia shipping. fewer and i'm going to happen to be to, to this, just fucking that but as is the case with so many green fuel, there's a catch with ammonia to, to date. there are new market ready engines available. scientists from the

university of roast up probably to change that they are involved in developing ammonia engines for use on ships and here is the heart of the future. yes, interesting engineers and technicians are working on it now. it's called the stuff for you to on the sciences plan to install this engine in a your to research of ammonia fueled engines. behavior sees none of this has been done before. when i got familiar, we've installed a lot of safety jobs. so if there's a leak, we won't get any flash back fine with all the time and we'll dismantle the engine and reassemble that on the yacht. safety measures are required because ammonia is toxic. even at low concentrations, it can damage the skin, eyes and lungs. while they work, the scientist must follow a strict set of guidelines.

there has been little research into how the ammonia behaves when burned in an engine. nobody knows what to expect. the scientists hope they're work with this. we search engine will change that. they are ready to monitor everything from fuel consumption to engine temperature and composition of the exhaust. the ship running on pneumonia would admit meanly nitrogen, which is already presence in the air. another byproduct, washer paper, burning ammonia doesn't produce carbon dioxide. but it can create harmful nitrogen oxides including nitrous oxide, colton,

greenhouse gas that must not be released into the atmosphere. the sensors to the engine measure of what levels of nitrous oxide for other nitrogen oxides are produced during combustion. the research are still need to develop catalyst to neutralize those fun wanted. sometimes they are confident they will soon succeed. only then can this type of engine be used in a shit the beyond spearheading the development of these engines can fires advancing the production of green ammonia the needed renewable energy is expected to come from wind turbines in the region kind of funds this out of

sight now we cannot wait another 20 years to bring a mooney of fuel to the market. we'll need to get this job done within 3 to 5 years . if we're to achieve our goal. and ladies time the most of this there is still a long way to go. but even industry leaders are interested in the morning as a new shipping fuel yak of sterling and his team are expected to launch max for 0 emission shit soon. the company has profits claimant target forward. it now seems to be claimant neutral by 2040. could ammonia be the solution where the german fitness is bennett, him and head of green fuels sourcing at mercy is looking into it today. she will be inspecting a world 1st. the

engineers at the research center of marine engine builder, m e, in, in copenhagen are developing a large ammonia engine that can be used to power container ships. ahead of the research center we are not fully are, has come in to show him on the test engine where we have opened here for where you can see here at the bottom here we have the piston. the piston connects to the crankshaft replace at 1st, only one of the 4 cylinders will run on the moon. here, we can one step by step, the team aims to test the whole engine. at least we have so we have nothing more than 2000 and sensors. you including also high speed cameras inside the combustion chamber. so we can follow exactly what happens in each revolution of the engine. then we can follow exactly how the flame is expanding and then how is facing the

process. and we can make the adjustments, emmy, and estimates that developing the ammonia engine will last through 2024 because nobody knows exactly when the 1st engine will reach the market. so it must be really difficult to prioritize to visit him on can see that the money isn't a viable option yet. assume dentist, the effect of a lot of issues still need to be explored design. you mean, how do we design the ship? so it's safe, bunkering bunkering. how do we get the fuel on board? we need to answer all these questions with single flight comb. perhaps ammonia will be a solution in the future, but man doesn't want to wait much longer. global trade is growing and with it the

fleets of cargo ships according to the international maritime organization. this could mean an increase of c o. 2 emissions of up to 50 percent by 2050 without counter measures are increasing, consumption will continue to burden the claimant. it presents an ever growing risk for humans and the environment. the calls for change are growing louder. impact of climate change is already being felt and legal frameworks are being tightened. in 2021 the you published it's fit for 55 program with new claimant protection legislation. we now have a package that can take us to our goal, which is now a legal obligation of reducing our emissions with at least 55 percent by 2017,

which was set us in the past assignment neutrality by 2050. this proposal makes us frontrunners because this is the 1st legislative initiative of its time the for married time transfer in 2024 regulators, added maritime transport to the european emissions trading scheme. the commission also ruled that by 2050 ships must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent it was pretty clear that we needed to step up. and if it's on the compensation, and one of the results was that was the establishment of at the couple of us agency that's, that's just dedicated for this agenda only in the way of i know, i think we are 5060 people, but you actually the team is working hard on finding

a solution, we fairly quickly king. so the solution that if we want to have impact in this decade then method, our dream method, oh, it would be the right choice because the engine technology is ready. the, the also speaking that institute has also decided to back method all technology. the institute research has climate change and operate several research ships in 2019, they decided to replace the science vessel a ton with a more claimant friendly ship, the biologist, mika ok. so i guess is what we're seeing, the construction of the new ton at the start, the team carefully considered various propulsion systems. batteries would have been too heavy, liquid gas, too expensive of

highly to michigan. now we're entering the engine room, you know, helps fix the engine is the heart of the ship. are, let's hear the environment. these are the 2 special engine look for. these were originally marine diesel engines. the 1st even more to but were converted to run on method all for this ship. one realistic to meet on the no expert has informed clog this method or was an option. i know that i should for the thing, but either one of our ship building consultants had a leader bottle of method all in a suitcase. i could have you ever to suspect he put it on the table and said, look, gentlemen, kind of, this is how easy it is for me to bring you the shipping fuel of the future. ration off on 5. imagine the effort if i had wanted to bring liquefied natural gas in a pressurized container on the down side. so that's an all is only half of the

energy densest diesel require a much bigger fuel tank. so this is the room with all the scientific equipment. it was a challenge for the team of the shipyard to fit everything in, but they seem to have succeeded. so it's amazing how much you can attack of such a small ship if you're not going onto the island one. so it will be the world's 1st ship of this size to run on green method. all construction at the new ton began in 2020 as a fast mass shipyard in northern germany. it took almost 2 years to complete the speeds of the vessels method. all engines, nothing all is mostly purchased from natural gas. but officials at the institute

wanted these engines to run a produce from sustainably source hydrogen and c o 2. this is where things get complicated. running on mess an old limits, mostly walter beaver but during combustion, the engines also released the c o. 2 used to produce the method all for the method all to be considered climate neutral. this you to must not come from fossil sources . the fuel is only green that the carbon dioxide was extracted from the hair or came from a natural source like a bio gas plant. the fuel powering that would con, matches these criteria. you might have cryptic, is that climate shift someone recently said small ship, a big role model or vases to them. and there's a lot of truth to that. it should v i v because with this special in full, we are following a power, but no one has ever taken with a ship of this size. i'm not to do that. we are putting

a nearly c o 2 neutral research vessel into service is unique. just this one i just got, we're happy and proud that we've managed to do it yourself. the income of the ship was finally ready to launch in the summer of 2020 to the new ton south on launching grounds above the visa river. ready to be put into the water for the 1st time the the date had to be postponed twice because the central components could not be supplied due to the war in ukraine. the finally, everything was ready to go the

success, to see where the the best. so was to, to a, was for work to be completed the good con was just about ready to the parts. but there was just one more problem, the leases for the van and get signed us. yeah, the next step is to find suppliers who can produce and sell us green method on the, on the grid has to be that's a job for our shipping company. has paying phone calls from the mass space. the same problem puts on a much larger scale. a single container ship. it's almost $300.00 times as much method. oh, is it good con, around 50000 tons a year? what's in 2021. only 200000 tons of green method over produced worldwide.

we found a loss of say, one and a half year back and this checking to make that limit where we on the one hand so we're ready to to order a ship that could run. i'm pretty mess. no, but we couldn't really see who would, who would fill the tank. and on the other hand, they were, we talking, we were talking to a lot of different potential being mentioned or supply us. is that one to supply us? we mentioned no, but they couldn't get started on building up the production because there was no customers that were willing to commit with american decision in favor of method. all this is no changing the shipping company is searching to meet the fuel soon. visit him on is responsible for procurement, a news, it won't be easy. when you have always fun to share the challenges that these are completely new supply chains. now if we are, these are a new project on and plants for producing green method or green fuels on this scale

has not yet been built on. this can only be done in partnership. investigate as of the case notes is i'm in progress. we have mirrors of can't do this a lot. i know the whole industry must work together. the slings, p. o was it into them by what's more, the transition to green fuels could increase costs for shipping companies many times over the doesn't really make sense that the green fuels that do not preclude the planet a way more expensive that the fossil fuels that do. and that has to change the very concrete and practical steps that both you and i'm all have to take. now it says implementing implementation office. you to techs, i c o 2 techs on shipping. that would make it more expensive to use fossil pace to cup sterling on his team or counting on that happening soon. they have ordered 19

method ocean, which are now being built inside korea. all of them can run and boost method all and diesel se addiction equipment and they will be ready by 2025. may i ask, who's already secure the green method will need it for the shit. several of their partners will increase production to 2000000 tons over the next few years. but even that would be enough in the future. we also said just indicate a signal to, to everyone in the industry and both engine manufacturers and, and the fuel produces that we would from now on only order ships that could run on

greenfields when items i mean when a company leads the way that can affect which fuel prevail? i was this, but it also sets an example and may have a certain promotional effect that it takes mind home for the to my dream for the future is to get the 1st green fuel projects off the ground. the 1st green method, all projects, and we must start implementing the solutions in the shipping is on the brink of a transformation, new technology stand ready to par. these giants of the scenes the could soon be a revolution on the water. one that would make cargo ships, one of the cleanest means of transport in the world. the green shipping is ready so long. it's waiting for a tail wind from business and government, the

or the, the new will tell you the we are happy that we are back to the story. we have a getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to use the sales force. and for the future in the stories and issues that are being discussed across the country. news africa in 30 minutes on d w, i think i got stuck on

a piece of bicycle on today. it was somebody who knew, but i would just go out to die. millions of people around the world can't attend school even though the un defines the human rights education for everyone. but how the over in 90 minutes on d. w. the get ready for an exciting, i've been trying to look surprised. hi, irish. and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to you. have you have a one to talk to me before you go to the spots on the on expected side. so slide, the,

[000:00:00;00] the business thing that we knew is live from berlin, b u, and urges israel to halt large scale rates in the occupied west bank. so i would say to 10, why are we cannot go further? at this point, we hear from our corresponded on the ground as israel claims its forces killed and as long as jihad commander in a shoot out at a most, also coming up a tough response to this, the only a knife attack, the german government announces new security and asylum measures after last week's