it's 5 p.m. in ukraine, to your attention a news release on the espresso tv channel. in the studio of iryna koval. greetings to all viewers. the russians attacked the city of krolovets in the sumy oblast. the enemy hit with a rocket and two shaheds. 23 private houses were previously damaged, the regional military administration reported. information about the victims is being clarified. emergency services are on site. as a result of the morning russian attack.

there are victims in kherson, a woman died from a direct hit to a residential building, another was injured, a 62-year-old man also died in the hospital man, the regional military administration said. in addition, an elderly man was hospitalized with an explosive injury and a shrapnel injury to the lower leg. another resident of kherson was injured during the shelling of the city market. civil infrastructure facilities were damaged in the city. they tried that i was lying on the couch. i went out and it whistled and came here, i ran, saw the grandmother, well, she is alive, and i heard that it smelled of gas, i had to get out of here, i called all the necessary services. debris analysis in russian areas continues strikes on the pokrovsky district of donetsk region. today they got it from under the ruins of the house.

boy, previously 11 people were killed, five of them children, 10 more people were injured, but the identification of the bodies continues. volunteers help with food and building materials, said the head of the region, vadym filashkin. yesterday, the enemy launched eight s-300 missiles at populated areas. they hit houses in pokrovsk and rivne. more than 200 private homes and 15 high-rise buildings were damaged. in the city of rivne, pokrovsky district, a rocket hit households where there were emigrants from the city of evdeivka: wife, husband, three children and a grandmother. there is nothing left of the known farm, there is a very large gap in the house. currently , the police, the state emergency service, expert services, in addition to the laboratory, are working on the spot in order to clearly identify. people the minister of foreign

affairs of japan, yoko kamikawa, who arrived today on an official visit to ukraine, visited the memorial to the victims of the russian occupation in buchi. and then the irpin bridge, which the defenders of the capital were forced to take blow up for defensive purposes. during negotiations with the head of ukrainian diplomacy , dmytro kuleba, ms. kamikawa reported that japan provided five mobile generators to help ukrainians survive the winter. and seven transformers. the joint briefing of the ministers took place in a shelter, because at that moment an air alert was declared in kyiv. i informed my colleague today about the other side of the war, namely about ukraine's need not only for airplanes, but primarily for air defense equipment. i once again wanted to express my respect. the courage

of the ukrainian people, who have been defending themselves against russian aggression for so long. japan is determined to support ukraine so that peace reigns in ukraine again. japan has decided to allocate another 37 million dollars to the nato trust fund to provide a system for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles. the sturm sm self-propelled anti-tank missile complex passed state tests. according to... the information of the ministry of defense of ukraine, sturm sm is a modified version of the soviet complex sturm s. instead of a tracked tractor mtlb used another armored combat vehicle. it was armed with a barrier-p guided missile from kb - luch, with a range of up to 7 km. as a sight, a domestic optical sighting station with a thermal imaging channel, three digital cameras. and

a laser rangefinder. the complex was supposed to be put into service in 2022, but a full-scale russian invasion prevented it. leopards, abrams and missiles, and almost an iron dome from russian missiles. in 2023 , ukraine received a considerable amount of powerful and modern weapons, both offensive and defense, however, with long delays and untimely. how did military aid from western partners affect the war in ukraine? see further. under this slogan, former minister of defense oleksiy reznikov accepts a package of military aid from western partners. the first batches of leopard tanks and a variety of the latest weapons. when we

talk about the 23rd year, actually there is a whole range of samples that were new, we really waited a long time and finally got atakams in cluster use, we... got cluster ammunition for artillery, we got long-range missiles storm shadow and scalp, which were also discussed for a long time by our partners, were still transferred. that powerful offensive equipment did not ensure a breakthrough of the front in the south of the country during the summer counteroffensive. one of the reasons is the delay in providing assistance. protracted bureaucratic processes allowed the russians to consolidate their positions. well, mined. basically everything is mined. in addition, the equipment provided by western partners was not enough for a counteroffensive,

military expert serhii is convinced zgurets the number of these samples is not enough to ensure qualitative changes on the battlefield. they can't 20. change the situation, they can destroy 20 enemy targets, and there are thousands here, not dozens, the same applies to stormshadow in particular, there can't be a certain hundred stormshadow destroy all the objects that are extremely important to change the stability of the enemy's defenses, and not the only allies, the armed forces received powerful military aid from the russians, according to analysts, according to the results of 2022 . the number of military weapons the ukrainian defenders managed to win a trophy on the battlefield, in particular, thanks to the escape of the russians from the north of the country and the breakthrough in the kharkiv counteroffensive, where they managed to capture entire warehouses of ammunition and heavy equipment, now this weaponry is destroying the russians, well, it’s ours, it’s

our machine gun to squeeze from the russian second, bad 12.7 caliber, cord machine gun, anti-aircraft. meanwhile, the ukrainian defenders skillfully mastered the equipment provided by the allies last year. the powerful m-119 and m-777 howitzers proved to be effective in counter-battery combat this year. shot! warriors learned to hit with this weapon from the first shot. they set a goal to get there on the fifth, sixth floor and they got there, there was a 105-caliber sniper rifle, three windows, and they are repairing and returning them to the formation in a matter of hours, this shrapnel arrived here, it is already

brewed, already done, because the oil was flowing, we stopped working, cleaned it, brewed it, the guys were handsome overnight and did it and... they drove us. the ukrainian military-industrial complex itself currently provides only 8% of the total needs of the armed forces of ukraine. so in serhiy's opinion zgurtsia, it was the western aid that ensured the stability of the defense and made it possible to maintain the demarcation line that exists now. what would have happened if there was no foreign aid, the situation would actually be quite critical, because ukraine does not currently have the opportunity to carry out defense and offensive without relying on... foreign military potential. and probably the most important success in the provision of military assistance - the aviation coalition of states, the netherlands, norway, denmark and belgium agreed to transfer effective f-16 fighter jets to ukraine, although they are expected in 2024, so we had to go on a counteroffensive without

planes. and in order to help the armed forces of ukraine, we are collecting funds for a front-line vehicle for... offensive guard tankers who protect the eastern flank of the struggle for our independence. avtovka on the front line fights and saves. in off-road conditions and constant shelling, the service time of front-line vehicles is short. we need a lot of cars and they are needed quickly, so we invite you to join the gathering, let's put victory on the wheels together. our goal is uah 250,000. and there is quite a bit left to collect, a little more than 50,000, so join our congregation. that was the news for now, we will see you at 18. if you want to read more news, visit our website espresso tv, you can also subscribe to us on social networks and watch on youtube.

greetings, good evening, my name is myroslava barchuk and this is the program. proper names: a joint project of ukrainian foam and espresso tv channel. so, today the topic we want to talk about is ukrainian wartime humor and the post-colonial syndrome. by which i mean years and decades the russian empire, through its literature , art, later the soviet empire, through its own show business, comedy shows, kvn and so on, depicted ukrainians as such... weak-willed hohols with herrings, with mustaches

that chew lard and so on, this has been since time, this is not a decade, this is a century, because if we take ukrainians, heroes of classical russian literature, for example ferdyshchenko in dostoevsky, if you don’t know, read it, then this is this image of a ukrainian, if it is not an idiot, not a jerk, then traitor or some very unpleasant person, and here we are 30... years ago, we gain independence, but for some reason , our humor is already mainstream, we continue to portray ourselves as these wretched people, what makes us, or who makes us behave like this, make such jokes about ourselves, and how it is related to the post-colonial syndrome, this is what i am talking about today with radomir mokryk, my guest, radomir is a historian, cultural expert and... i read his book "rebellion against the empire of the ukrainian sixties" with pleasure and i highly recommend you to read it. and

today we are talking about humor. congratulations radumira congratulations. so, why we are talking about it is clear. the society was shaken and very outraged by a joke on new year's eve, studio 95th quarter about a resettled woman from skadovsk, which is currently an occupied territory, where a girl from skadovsk is very... but badly mutilating the ukrainian language, as if she looks absolutely stupid in her attempt to speak ukrainian, and now people somehow, some intuitively, some completely logically, said that this is not just a bad taste, but also self-deprecation, so you wrote about the ethos of self-deprecation and the image of this slob let's start with this, with the one who created and when this image of this idiotic

hochlo, well, in principle, the origins of this phenomenon can really be sought in russian culture, russian literature, somewhere, well, at least from the 19th century, the 19th century in russia it it was quite paradoxical, in fact, somewhere in the first half, it is still, well, in... someone, in some sense, ukrainophile, in a very peculiar sense, it is when gogol writes, yes, when others write, there is such an interest, intrigued by these ukrainians , and which are somewhere in the west empires, are, but the interest in the singing and dancing tribe, yes, precisely in this, yes, precisely gogol, well, gogol cannot be called a ukrainophobe, and gogol is, as always, paradoxical. and it is he who actually creates this idea of ​​a tribe of drinking

and dancing people, it comes with notes of such, you know, interest in the aborigines, the fact is that then the political situation changes, that is , the polish uprisings pass, the ukrainian national movement gains strength, and he perceived as a threat, as separatism, that is, the ukrainian national movement for russian empire is separatism. and that's when this trend changes, and it changes in a sharply negative sense, ukrainians become not such an interesting element, ukrainians. become a dangerous element, and somewhere from the middle of the 19th century, a very typical image is formed, and here is this khokhla, who has some such national attributes, yes, that is, there is this national dress and herring, and these are always very primitive such characters, they are not so much, well but some are sharply negative,

as you mentioned, as in dostoevsky, and this one rather so mocking, mean, stupid. man, and not to be silent, actually, but always coolly disguised as authority, i really like it, it is very important that already in the 20th century, volodymyr vennychenko wrote an open letter to russian writers, and he writes it verbatim there, he writes, what my colleagues said, remember that he is not a ukrainian, he is either some kind of fool, or some kind of cunning, lazy person. well, a simpleton, and that is, this is a trend that during the 19th century acquires, well, really, really such a, well, discourse, yes, that is, this is some stereotypical image that is present in turgenev, yes, he writes about it, well, criticism of bilinsky, of course, yes , who makes fun of the ukrainian language, yes, who makes fun of shevchenko , well, rather, tries to make fun of her, here and

, that is, the core of all this comes from there, from russian culture, because it was important for the russians to show that they are the dominant cultural force, that is, to humiliate this one, this other one, and to show that it is inferior worse, it is extremely important to the empire, and that too what russian culture was engaged in and then in the 20th century, and it was crowded somewhere until today, you remember how mina mazayla said, i feel that ukrainization is a way to make me a provincial, that is... well done , that is, it was already then, so mykola kulish notes that it already exists, that is, we can say that in the middle of the 20s this phenomenon was already recorded, absolutely, because this tradition, it goes to the soviet union according to the same logic, yes , that is, there is some such, well, outbreak of ukrainization, okay, but the logic of the empire does not change, that’s it

assignment of roles, yes, who is the boss here, who is better, who is the opposite. is just some kind of ridiculous appendage, and some kind of offshoot from the great russian people, it remains in the soviet union unequivocally, and of course, that these best intellectuals record it, and now the soviet union is already the pigeons of the lights of the soviet union, which my generation found, and i i remember shtepsel and terapunka, this duo that was loved by millions of ukrainians, where the plug is dewy. a communist person is shown to be such a soviet intellectual, and tarapunka is also a weakling, a ukrainian-speaker like that slurred speech, well, such an unrepentant uncle, and i think that i ask myself all the time why millions of ukrainians did not notice that this was a mockery of them, yes, why

there was no such rejection of such humor in soviet ukraine, and we still do not reached independence. how do you explain that this is so, and there are still people who love and admire the actor tymoshenko, i also think that he is a good actor, but this drama was his big one, right? and why did people not notice this humiliation? er, well, it seems to me that ukrainian culture in general is soviet empire, these are the slogans, and there it is national in form, proletarian in content, and then socialist in content, that is, cultural in general. tics of the soviet union was reduced to the primitivization of national cultures, so when, when this culture was supposed to be reduced there actually to vyshyvanka, to some purely ethnographic things, and to be socialist in content, of course, that is, it is about the fact that culture, it already trapped, it stands

to a large extent on the tradition of this inferiority. well, fictitious, but well, in the culture of the presented inferiority of ukrainians, and here and there there is a plug and a punk, which works in the same way, although at the same time , well, i have been re-thinking a lot recently purely for academic purposes plug and terapunk, well, these stereotypes are quite well hidden, yes, that is, if you don't think about it, if you just turn on the tv there before dinner and watch, you may not notice it. can't you see that the roles are very clearly set here, well, now it 's very visible, now it's visible, because we, our optics have changed, yes, that is, we are starting understand how culture worked as a tool of actual colonization, then against the background of this culture, basically nailed down, it looked like, well, okay, that’s how it works, and i just think that people didn’t

think about it, they just didn’t see it from this point of view, although it is, well , it is there, of course it is, ugh, so already, that is, there was a mental trap of some kind, in which we already fell and got fixed, and i read your article where... you talk about kvn, and tell me, please, how do you generally perceive the ethics of kvn itself and the ethics and humor of kvn itself, and whether you share the opinion that this was also controlled by the kgb bodies, in particular, and through the kvn, the necessary messages were also thrown in during the soviet times, but you know, as a historian, i like to operate with such... specific facts, i don't have the documents, which confirm that it was controlled by the kgb, but it was possible and not necessary, for this it was enough there, relatively speaking, the ideological and ideological

departments of the central committee of the party, the fact that the kvn worked absolutely exactly like us, as a propaganda tool, well in this practically none doubts, because when you look at the content of these issues, well... everything is permeated with, well , different topics, there you have both about the friendship of peoples, and about ideology as such, of course, there is the construction of a bright communist future and so on and the like, and of course, again, this factor is a kind of self-deprecation of national minorities, this is a thing that was very popular, and what is important, well, for the sake of justice, it was not some purely ukrainian trick. yes, that's it, in general there are kazakhs, tajiks, yes, come to moscow and there to make fun of some of their national

, well, real or imagined shortcomings, well , there was a lot of this, and it worked, well , logically, yes, because you come to this big concert, the bureau, the bureau of the central committee, relatively speaking, looks at you there and you do what this soviet elite likes. because the soviet union, no matter how much it talked about the friendship of peoples, well, we know that there was one nation more equal among equals, and accordingly, accordingly, it worked without a doubt, but here you are talking about the fact that and you and i are talking about the fact that not only us, but also other peoples of other soviet republics, they fell into this trap, well , in fact, we can talk about this as a post-colonial syndrome and self-inflicted. and the self-presentation of those nations that were colonies for a long time, perceive themselves through the eyes of the metropolis, and want to please

the metropolis, but in the 91st year, we, ukraine , will gain independence, and long decades are going by, so long decades in which we are in the principles would have time to think through and look at themselves in this way. postcolonial, and for some reason we didn't do it, it seems to me, what is the reason for this, and could we, is it possible, a completely natural evolutionary path, such a post-colonial one, after such, well, centuries of colonialism, well, that is really this, this approach of some kind of mirroring, well conditional and or regens to the metropolis, it really works like that, that is, when a person, when the community is in the colonized for a longer time. situation, she automatically begins to somehow compare herself to these colonizers, to somehow try to see through their eyes, this is exactly this trauma, and

it is possible in our country, thank god not now, but it lasted for a very long time already in the days of independence, i think that this problem, well , it is very wide, in my deep conviction, we have it in principle in the 91st year, well mentally no... there was a break with the empire , not many rethinkings took place, yes , that is, it is some kind of continuation, well, even the very fact that the soviet nomenclature remained in power there for a long time, yes, well, there was no space for a total reassessment of values, the simplest example, well, it's the dissidents, yes, if we look at how, for example, with the dissident movement... society works in the czech republic or in poland, and in ours, well , this is a huge difference, you mean reading the texts, recognizing their merits, and

so on. their role in all of this, yes, we have just recently, in recent years, somehow started to move in this direction, but in the same czechoslovakia, okay, i understand that vaclav havel came to power there, a different situation, but it somehow overturned the values, yes , that is , the emphasis was placed on who was actually right and who was not, but this did not happen in our country and and it metastasized into the culture as such, and in particular with regard to this self-presentation of mainstream humor and so on. and so it's like me or when we're talking about let's say mainstream comedy shows not only quarter of 95 but there's some diesel there some other movies, shows, crazy wedding, anything that's considered funny now, so is it or we can consider it ukrainian humor, is it correct to call it ukrainian

humor? is this just some kind of humor segment or something, how do you evaluate it from the point of view of cultural studies, well, it seems to me that this is actually to a large extent this post-colonial syndrome, yes, that is, it is a humor that did not fail to reflect this trauma, which is based on the same things, relatively speaking, well, the quarter , that's it... well, he continued the same , in the years of independence, in the 95th quarter as a studio , or what they do now is what they do, the same diesel, and so on, that is, when mockery or self-mockery becomes one of the main features, motives of one's creativity , because of some national or linguistic characteristics, that is, it continues

here is this very very... a kind of tradition of humor, well, it also applies to big uncles and all this production, at the same time, it seems to me that we are starting to move, well, there are signs that we are coming out of it, that is , it is good if can we later talk about where we are going, we will talk later, but i want to dwell on this part, i, if i understand correctly, that you do recognize that this is ukrainian humor, yes, no matter how post-colonial... was not the same, yes, it is part of our culture, but what is the reason that how popular is it in society? uh, well, yes, i think that whether we like it or not, but it is part of our culture in the broad sense of the word, yes, culture is a very, very vast field, and it is somewhere , somewhere, a manifestation, yes, of this post-colonial syndrome , i think.

that it is actually because of, well, because of a certain education over the generations, yes, when, well, this was considered funny, in literature, in pop culture, that is, it is what was imposed, why, well, there was not much of an alternative, yes, that is, we we are talking about, about the soviet one a totalitarian system that actually shapes tastes, and it was considered ridiculous. er , that is, it also seems to me that, in particular, in kvn, yes , the fact that these, these things moved to a large extent already in the times of independence, this is not, you know, the conscious work of diesel or the quarter, when you say these things , you mean that low-quality, not very intelligent humor, yes, what we call vulgarity in the russian word, zlobstvo, yes, yes, yes, that is, it

has moved. with the fact that i am convinced that these people, the authors of these humorous shows, are them don't think about any post-colonial theories, they just know that it works, yes, that is, it worked and it still works, and they reproduce it, although, well, again, i had to watch the last few episodes of these shows, you see, that's where the idea comes to an end, i.e. it's really just running in circles, so those... are they themselves funny hutsuls or are they some naughty ukrainians with mustaches as such, there's nothing else there, it's really just running in circles, using those stereotypes themselves, but some segment the ukrainian community, unfortunately, well, they obviously like it, and they obviously like it, but here, for example, we are now showing this diesel show, and it also speaks some hutsul, he speaks absolutely some

language. well, it is mockingly shown that way.