she was born in october 1925 in grantham, a small market town in the east of england and became the first woman to head a major western democracy. where there is disorder, we will bring harmony. where there is error, we will bring truth, where there is doubt, we will bring faith, and where there is despair, we will bring hope. margaret thatcher radically changed britain. rejuvenating a stagnant world state, this strong-willed woman will divide a large part of the population. she was the prime minister who really eradicated socialism from the system. it was 10 the years of britain's potential peak, the years of north sea oil, and the opportunities that could have been taken to make britain better. i think she is

a person with great endurance, great devotion, great courage. for over 11 years , margaret thatcher was one of the world's most influential and authoritative political leaders, as well as one of the most controversial, dynamic and outspoken. come back if you want. the lady only goes forward. i admire her energy and determination, but i think she suffers from what proust is called certainty secondary. i don't admire her intellectual method of not being able to think she could be wrong. whether people supported or opposed her during her reign, margaret thatcher's legacy continues to shape the society in which british.

live today, her legacy remains the foundation of modern british politics. thatcher - only forward. margaret thatcher spent her youth in grantham, which played an important role in shaping her political beliefs. the roberts family had a ba'. business and raised two daughters in an apartment above the store. margaret roberts attended the local public school and later went to oxford to study chemistry. but in her plans for the future, chemistry took second place after politics. conservative politics had always been a feature of her family's life, her father was a member of the local council and politics was a subject of discussion at the dinner table.

she took her first step into politics in 1946, she was elected president of the student conservative association in oxford. in the 50th and in 51, at 20 with a ponytail, she became the conservative party candidate in the labour-dominated dartford general election , gaining national prominence as the youngest female candidate in ukraine. she lost both times. but drastically reduced labour's majority and took great pleasure in campaigning. it was during this time that she met her husband , denis thatcher. they got married in 1951. twins mark and carol were born in 1953. thatcher began to look for a stable place in conservative party in the mid-50s. her candidacy for orpington in 55.

rejected, but in april '58 she became a candidate in the finchley constituency. after a tough campaign in 1959, she won a seat in parliament. thatcher would represent finchley for over 30 years. she delivered her first speech in the house of commons on february 5, 1960, demanding that the local authorities hold their meetings in public. the next day, she gave her first television interview. "i have spoken in many places, but a speech in the house of commons is this completely different, it is a unique experience. do you think it's harder because you're a woman? no, i haven't noticed that, it's difficult because of the specifics of the audience and also because most of them have more experience in what you do. your performance yesterday was universally applauded, the front row is being talked about, how do you feel about that? i think at first we 'll try to be "good, spare. of course,

until these two grow up, i won't be able to take on more political responsibility. these responsibilities are quite enough. in october 61. thatcher was appointed to the post of deputy in the administration of harold macmillan. i'm quite happy because it means i have a definite job to do instead of running around the whole political scene. how do you feel about this appointment? have you been looking forward to him in your dreams? i didn't think i'd ever have that kind of assignment, at least not this soon, but i'm really excited about it because we're opening it up. opportunities both from the human side to help people who need help, and from the financial side side, make sure that the scheme is reliable. tell us what happened on your first day? very interesting. i was just as curious as you. i had a very pleasant morning. as soon as i

passed, i was received by the minister, introduced to various heads of departments. my responsibilities were clearly defined and i was given a huge amount of homework for the weekend. after the conservatives' defeat in the 1964 general election, she became the conservatives' spokesperson on housing and land use. in this position, she defended the policy of the conservatives, which allowed tenants to buy out municipal buildings. she caused a stir at the 1966 conservative party conference when she delivered a scathing critique of the labor government's high tax policy. if you compare all the budgets in the race for high tax rates, i'm happy to... report that the conservative budgets won't take any of the top four spots, the top prize for raising taxes would go to hugh gaitkel in '51.

callaghan would receive the second prize for raising taxes in '66. the third the award would go to callaghan in '65. callaghan also won the fourth award. the conservative party under the leadership of edward geeth won the parliamentary elections in 1970 . thatcher was appointed secretary of state for education and science. in her first months in office, she drew public attention to the administration's efforts to cut spending. she prioritized the academic needs of schools and introduced cuts in public spending on the public education system, leading to repeal. free milk for schoolchildren aged 7-1, she believed that few children would be harmed if schools charged for milk, but agreed to give 200 ml of milk to the younger students every day. her decision caused a storm

of protest from the labor party and the press , and led to the fact that thatcher began to be called margaret thatcher, the milk thief. in '73 geeth's government had problems with the... oil embargo and union demands for higher wages and was defeated in the general election in february '74. the result of the conservatives in the general election in october 74 was even worse and thatcher challenged the leadership of the conservative party. promising a fresh start, she won major support from the '22 conservative caucus. mr. guide was the leader. for 10 years, but the party decided that there should be a contest, and the contest cannot be without participants, and i am one of the main ones, is there prejudice among your fellow mps against you as a woman, do you feel it? it's hard for me to judge that,

i think attitudes are gradually changing, i think there's been a really big change in the last four or five weeks. after all, women are in others countries have achieved great success in leadership positions. it would be hard to find a country less likely to have a woman prime minister than india, but they have had one of the most successful women for a long time, and she is a wonderful person. one of your colleagues said that no one is as determined to oust tedagi as he is, so you don't have much of a chance, how determined are you? i am very determined, i have been throughout my political life, even to be here, and i remain so. he said he would go to the second and third voting, if necessary. are you of the same mind? i set goals for what. let's see how well we manage to hold the first vote. i have high hopes for him. do you think you have a chance on the first ballot? i don't know, it all depends on how much additional support we get this week. we have seen what happened, and we will see what will happen. thank you very much. thank you. she

defeated geet in the first vote and he resigned. well, they were close. bill fraser received 16 votes. 119, and margaret thatcher 130, this is a real coup, yes? it's not what most people were expecting this morning. i am very excited. it's a little bit. more than we hoped for, even better. are you going to participate in the second vote? so. in the second vote, she defeated the desired successor of the gita, william whitelaw, and on february 11, 1975, she became the leader of the party. to me, it is like a dream that the next name, after harold macmillan, alex, douglas, hume and edward geath, will be margaret thatcher. no less important for me. that this victory was won in an open election fight against four other potential

leaders. i know they are disappointed, but i hope that soon we can work together again as colleagues for what we believe in. there is a lot of work ahead, and i hope that you will give me time to do everything well and carefully. january 19, 76 thatcher. made a speech in kensington town hall, in which she made a sharp attack on the soviet union. in response , the red star newspaper of the ussr ministry of defense dubbed her the iron lady. she really liked this name, and soon it became associate with her image. mr. chairman, mr. president, ladies and gentlemen. today i stand before you. red star in her chiffon evening dress. my face is softly

painted, and my blonde hair gently flutters. the iron lady of the western world. a cold war warrior, an amazon, a philistine, even a conspirator. let them, if they so choose, interpret my defense of the values ​​and freedoms that are fundamental to our way of life. by them, i mean a slightly strange alliance between comrades from the soviet ministry of defense. and ours own defense minister. they can call me whatever they want if they think

we should ignore the build-up of soviet military power. james callaghan succeeded harold wilson as labor prime minister after the latter's surprise resignation in april 1976. by march 77, labour's small majority of 84 votes had turned into a minority government after. who lost in the by-elections and from march 77 to august 78, callaghan ruled the country under an agreement with the liberal party in within the framework of the lip-lap pact. callaghan considered holding the election in the fall of '78, but ultimately decided that a possible economic recovery in '79 would favor his party in the election. however, the events did not go in favor of the aleybory government. a series of industrial conflicts in the winter of 1978-79,

known as the "winter of discontent", led to mass strikes across the country and seriously undermined labour's electoral position. when the scottish national party refused to support the scotland act of 1978, there was a vote of no confidence that passed by one vote. 28 march 79 and demanded that callaghan either resign or call a general election. the prime minister traveled the short distance to buckingham palace to see the queen. according to tradition, she will be the first to learn about the government's compilation of its powers at the will of the electorate. since the previous election was held in october 74, labor could have stayed in power until the fall of 79 , had it not been for the lack of confidence. i believe. that we will win, but is very well aware that it is the question is asked of every party leader,

every party leader says this, the only way to get things done as quickly as possible is to work as hard as possible. james callaghan and leigh borishta reiterated their support for the nhs and full employment, and highlighted the damage they believe the conservatives could do to the country. this is a question that will be asked again and again in the coming weeks. is it really a sudden reversal of policy. a jerk in the completely opposite direction will help. i'll say it directly. i do not believe that there is any magic solution to these problems. and it will be very bad. if the country suddenly deviates from the course that allowed us to succeed. and there is another question: how can we ensure peace in industry, how can we avoid the destruction that we have seen. i believe that cooperation and partnership, not confrontation, will bring us the best

results. thatcher campaigned on economic issues, promising to control inflation. and reduce the growing power of unions that supported mass strikes. when thatcher started her election campaign campaigning in cardiff, she turned to labor for support, arguing that labor had become extreme. in the end, the overall margin of 5.2% was the largest since 1945 and gave the conservatives a workable majority of 43 votes to appoint the first female prime minister. the conservative victory in '79 also marked a change of government that would last for 18 years until labour's victory in '97.

margaret thatcher's victory is still considered a turning point in british politics of the 20th century. lords and members of the house of commons. in my government's economic policy is to prioritize inflation control through tight monetary and fiscal policy. by reducing the burden of direct taxation and limiting the claims of the public sector on the country's resources. they will begin to restore incentives, encourage efficiency, and create a climate in which trade and industry can flourish. on may 4, 1979, margaret thatcher became prime minister. the plainclothes police get out of the car behind her and mrs. thatcher stands in the doorway. greetings, to which... we are already

used during this campaign. mr. denis thatcher, her husband, stands behind. arriving at 10 downing street, she paraphrases the prayer of st. francis. i am very excited and understand the responsibility very well. her majesty the queen asked me to form a new government, and i agreed. undoubtedly, this is the greatest honor that can befall any citizen in a democratic country. i am well aware of the responsibility that awaits me when i enter the building at number 10, and i will do my best to live up to the trust and confidence of the british people to put into practice what i believe in. i want to recall the words of st. francis of assisi, which i think are particularly

relevant now. where there is disorder, let us bring. where there are mistakes, let us bring truth, where there are doubts, let us bring faith, and where there is despair, let us bring hope. this is what i want to say to all britons, regardless of how they voted, now that the election is over, let's come together to serve and strengthen the country we are so proud to be a part of. and finally, the last thing, as i said airy neve, who... we were hoping to bring here with us, now has a job to do. margaret thatcher began her work on may 5, 1979 with the task of stopping the economic decline of the united kingdom and reducing the role of the state in the economy. in the short term

, painful measures were needed. although direct taxes were reduced, the budget had to be balanced, so they were increased. indirect taxes. the value-added tax was raised to 15%, which led to a short-term increase in inflation. the economy was already included in a period of recession, but inflation was rising, and interest rates had to be raised to contain it. at the end of margaret thatcher's first term, there were 3 million people unemployed in britain, and this number only began to decrease in 1986. significant. part of britain's inefficient manufacturing industry closed, no one could have predicted how severe the downturn would be. political commentators mentioned a turnaround, a change of course by the geeta government. in the 1970s, geet's government actually refused to change its economic policy under pressure the public the press predicted thatcher would do the same, but she rejected this

approach at the conservative party conference in 1980. come back if you want. the lady only goes forward. by december 1980 , thatcher's job approval rating was... down to 23% , the lowest of any previous prime minister, but long-term gains had been made, inflation had been contained and the government had made it clear that it would do everything necessary to keep it at a low level. the spring budget of 1981, which increased taxes in at the lowest point of the recession, was unpleasant, but it enabled interest rates to fall, and demonstrated thatcher's resolve. in the same quarter, economic recovery began, followed by a long rise. thatcher first demonstrated her determination to confront

political violence during the siege of the iranian embassy in london in 1980, when the armed forces were authorized to use lethal weapons on british soil for the first time in 70 years. in may, six militants received 20 hostages during six days, until the siege ended with a successful raid by a special unit of the sas. thatcher demonstrated a decisive approach, and this became the source of her popularity, reflecting the position of the iron lady. the storming of the iranian embassy showed that thatcher would respond to terror with force. before the end of her first term, she will demonstrate this once again. thanks to this achievement and the success of economic reforms, she gained political

support, and her chances of re-election increased significantly due to the unexpected event. falkland war. margaret thatcher met the invasion of the argentine junta to the islands on april 2, 1982 , very decisively and confidently. she cooperated with the us administration in search of a diplomatic solution to the problem. thatcher sent a naval task force to back up diplomatic efforts with the threat of force. and in case of failure of negotiations, to win back the islands and drive out the invaders. when diplomacy failed, military action began immediately. later , the conflict escalated and turned into an amphibious and ground conflict. operations argentina capitulated on june 14. the operation was considered successful, despite the death of 258 britons. the british

electorate was shocked. the victory brought a wave of patriotic enthusiasm and increased support for the thatcher government. it is said that in those spring days the world was surprised to rediscover british patriotism. president, we never lost him. one of the polls showed that 84% of voters approved of the prime minister's actions in resolving the crisis. thatcher laid the foundation for a much more powerful and independent foreign policy of great britain. the first four years as prime minister for thatcher were not easy. the unemployment rate rose sharply in the first three years of her administration as she struggled to control inflation. at the beginning of 1982, for the first time since world war ii, the unemployment rate exceeded 3

million people, and the economy was in a state of recession for two years. the falklands factor, together with the start of economic growth in late 1982, boosted the government's popularity. the timing was perfect. thatcher visited. kingham palace and asked the queen to dissolve parliament, announcing that elections will be held on june 9. the conservatives won a landslide election victory, achieving their best result since 1959 . this is a greater victory than i ever dared to hope for, for i am very cautious. the night was a disaster for the labor party, with the vote down by more than 3 million from 79, resulting in...

both a nationwide vote of almost 4% for the conservatives and their parliamentary majority of 144 votes. i am extremely ashamed that we have abandoned the fate of our country and the fate of the people who most need our protection, both in this country and around the world. i am very ashamed that we have allowed the power to be in the hands of such a... government as in britain. thatcher's second term began with almost as much difficulty as the first. after coming to power, she conducted an experiment by selling a small nationalized company, a national freight company, to its workers, which caused an apparently positive reaction. after a landslide victory in the 1983 election, thatcher became bolder and sold the majority

large utilities. companies that have been in state ownership since the late 1940s, starting with british telecom. many on the left despised the policy of privatization, but it was precisely this policy that would become synonymous with thacherism. critics on the left called privatization the biggest electoral bribery in history, but thatcher's political and economic philosophy emphasized reducing government intervention in free markets. and entrepreneurship. according to her philosophy, thatcher sought to reduce the power of the trade unions. among the most important measures is the prohibition of secondary strikes and the requirement to union leadership, first win the vote of union members before calling a strike. privatization policy,

change of industrial relations. and reducing government intervention will be poorly received in the mining sector. the national coal board received the largest amount of state subsidies among all nationalized industries. by 1984, the annual cost to taxpayers had reached £1 billion. thatcher decides that it is time to cancel the subsidies and close all the unprofitable mines. in 1980, the national the coal council announced its intention to close 20 coal mines. this meant the loss of 20,000 jobs. in connection with the closure of mines in their regions, miners started a strike at various coal fields. although it was not widely known at the time, the thatcher government prepared for a repeat of the successful strike of '74 by stockpiling coal to avoid blackouts. already.

more than 600 miners went on strike as the local vote led to strike action at many other mines. in response, the thatcher government announced that there would be five mines closed quickly. on march 12, 1984 , the trade unions announced a national strike and called for action by their members at all coal mines. on june 18, 1984 , a skirmish took place at the avorgreave coke-chemical plant, which gained wide publicity. this confrontation between the striking miners and the police was called the battle of the orgs. the conflict erupted after the mounted police attacked the miners and seriously injured them. two separate incidents, an attack

on a miner in november and the manslaughter of a taxi driver in december, led to the shutdown strike almost a year after it began. the national trade union of the miners gave in without any agreements. thatcher's conservative government. closed all mines in the country except for 15, and the remaining 15 were sold in 1994. it became the main political and ideological victory of margaret thatcher and the conservative party. in october

1984, during irish republic miners' strike.