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kateryna shiropoyas works in the studio for news time on air from the press. the sbu in kharkiv detained an it worker who was pointing russian missiles at his native city. in particular, he managed to correct two missile strikes on the civilian infrastructure of the regional center, including the local hospital. the attacker also prepared hacker attacks on government websites of ukraine and scouted the bases of the defense forces. first of all, he was interested in combat positions. artillery and air defense systems in the region, with their russian ones he communicated with curators from the fsb through popular messengers. he will be in custody during the investigation. security service investigators informed him of the suspicion under article 114, paragraph 2 of the criminal code of ukraine. and this is the unauthorized distribution of information about the direction, movement of weapons, armaments and combatants. passed into ukraine,

the movement, movement or deployment of the armed forces of ukraine. currently, the criminal is in custody, he faces up to 12 years in prison. 15 years behind bars with confiscation of property. the court passed such a verdict against a resident of crimea of the peninsula, who fought against ukraine. according to border guards, the man voluntarily signed a contract with the russian private military company redut. after passing military training, the attacker fought on the side of the enemy near bakhmut, where he was captured by ukrainian soldiers. the court found him guilty of treason. in the morning , a fire broke out in the kyiv school, according to the capital's emergency services, the fire occurred in an educational institution in the darnytskyi district. a fire broke out in one of the classrooms on the second floor, around nine o'clock.

extinguished the flames, children and school employees were urgently evacuated, no one was injured. meanwhile, the city administration reported that due to the incident, the children were transferred to distance learning until the end of the week. the use of chemical weapons by the russians is increasing, and the substances they use are also becoming more poisonous. this was discussed today at a special meeting with journalists. our correspondent kateryna galko knows the details. she is with us live. katya congratulates. so how many cases already recorded and what are the russians attacking? congratulations katya. i congratulate the viewers of the tv channel. so we know for a fact that the russians are not only intensifying the use of chemical weapons, but are probably increasing the pace of their production. the first use of chemical weapons was recorded back in february. in 2022,

81 such cases were officially recorded in kyiv region, and at least for december 2023 , we will hear a little more detail and more professionally from mr. andrii rudyk. andrii, i welcome you, please tell me what kind of weapon the russians mainly use, i mean chemical weapons weapons? congratulations, well, look, mainly at the beginning of the full-scale aggression, we encountered the use of special gas grenades, which contain irritants, for example, the same disease. well, here's an example of such a trophy grenade - it's a ggr from russian or russian, it's a hand grenade , it's annoying, the third month or third quarter of 862 of the 13th year is the marking of the manufacturer's factory, that is, this situation lasted until december 23rd, when a significant growth. chemical attacks, a total

of 81 cases were recorded in december, which is 17% from all cases in general during the period of large-scale aggression, that is, you yourself understand that for one month is a lot, almost a fifth of all cases. in december of the 23rd year, we recorded the use of such grenades, this is ггво, this is a new grenade of the 23rd year, we encountered it for the first time, and it had not been produced before, accordingly, in russian, it is a hand grenade of a poisonous substance, that is, you understand the difference between an irritating substance caustic, i.e. 862 is the same plant, this is the scientific research institute of natural chemistry in the city of serhiyevposat, this is the moscow region of the russian federation. unlike this grenade, this grenade already contains chloracytophenone, at one time it was also used as an irritant, because it was synthesized a long time ago in 1871, but it is the geneva protocol of the 25th year and then the resolution of the resolution of the general assembly of 1969, it is from 16 december of this year, it was banned

for use in combat conditions, and then in civilian conditions, the state also refused it, the last time choracytofen was used in combat conditions was in 1969, well... this is the russian federation in fact violated this calendar, if it can be said that way, tested it in combat conditions against ukrainian defenders in december 23rd , this is actually a sample of an spent grenade that was captured on our positions, which was dropped from a russian unmanned aerial vehicle on the positions of our defenders , that is, this gas is much more toxic, if you will not die from this gas in any case, 70 drops of such gas is enough. to kill a person, obviously this is not the same sarin, a nerve gas, a drop is enough to kill a person, but all one is a borderline gas, so to speak, because in the 1993 convention it is not mentioned in the list of gases, precisely for the reason that it was used kiritant, however, the russian federation has the capacity to manufacture that

sis that i mentioned, sick benzar malone denitrile, why did it switch to the use of this gas, we assume, well, first of all, that the russian federation de facto provided false information. in the 17th year, that it completed there the destruction, disposal of chemical weapons and the disposal of objects, its manufacture, well, in fact , international law is being undermined in this way again, as you know, with nuclear blackmail on the nuclear power plant of the occupied energodar, and in the occupation or undermining of kokhovskaya gest, the russian federation also raises the stakes using khvoratsifen. thank you very much, mr. andriy, for the details, and in fact i will also remind you that in total during the full-scale tuesday... 626 cases of chemical weapons use have already been officially recorded, this is all the information as of now, i will pass it on to you, katya. thank you, katya, let me remind you, it was ours kateryna galko, she spoke about the use of chemical weapons by the russians. the number of victims in odesa as a result of

enemy attacks increased to six. during the night , the occupiers attacked the city of shahedam twice, the southern defense forces reported. one of the drones hit a partially populated lot. apartment building in khadzhibey district, a fire broke out there, several apartments were damaged, one person was hospitalized with burns. another enemy shell pierced the roof of a two-story residential building in the primorsky district. another one also fell in this residential area drone the windows of nearby houses were blown out, a car burned and several of them were damaged. the four injured were treated on the spot. at the same time, a fire broke out due to the impact of an enemy drone. in the warehouse of the furniture factory, a man who was riding a bicycle nearby was knocked to the ground by the shock wave, he suffered shrapnel injuries. in total, ukrainian defenders shot down 11 enemy drones in the sky over odesa and mykolaiv regions at night. two

civilians were killed, eleven more were injured, these are the consequences of russian attacks on daughters of dobugy. recorded 15 enemy shellings, the head of the region vadym filashkin informed. in the kurakhiv community , the occupiers hit the city of hirnyk with rockets. there were two dead and nine wounded. among them are two teenagers. two five-story buildings and more than 40 private houses were damaged in the city. two more people were injured in avdiivka. in the kramatorsk district, invaders struck oleksievo-druzhkivka in the middle of the night. several were destroyed in the village of vshchen. more than a dozen houses are damaged, there is also destruction in the local boarding school, as well as in chasovoyarska the community has five private houses and four high-rise buildings. for now, this is all the news for this hour, or to find out more, follow the updates on our website

espresso.tv, as well as on our social networks, put your favorites, then my colleagues lesya vokulyuk and andriy saichuk are waiting for you on the air. don't switch, stay with espresso. dear friends, we are back and the final hour of our participation in the espresso marathon begins. lesya vakulyuk, andriy saichuk. we work in this studio, for you now we will talk about volodymyr zelenskyi, who celebrates his birthday today, and it will be him, that is, he turns 46 years old. actually, this is happening today, and this year is also the fifth year of his presidency. the reign of volodymyr zelenskyi was remembered for loud appointments and dismissals, unfulfilled

promises and communication failures. from the beginning, the incumbent president set himself extremely difficult tasks, including ending the war. how has the rhetoric of president volodymyr zelensky changed? let's take a look and remind ourselves. sincerely, dear volodymyr volodymyrovych, do not allow even a hint of a military conflict from your side, because ... russia and ukraine are truly brotherly nations. without gas or without you, without you, without light or without you, without you, without water or without you, without you, without food, or without you, without you. cold, hunger, darkness and thirst are not as terrible and deadly for us as your friendship and brotherhood. the difference between volodymyr zelenskyi's statements is more than 8 years. now the current president has clearly defined for himself that russia is an enemy and a threat to everything civilized

the world however, even a month before the full-scale war, the head of state reassured ukrainians that everything was under control and the country was moving according to plan. we will open the zaporozhye bridge, and within a year we will build the largest highway in ukraine from uzhhorod to luhansk. as always, we will build roads, bridges, schools, and stadiums. wagons, airplanes, tanks , we vaccinate the vast majority of the population, in april we will celebrate easter, in may, as always, the sun, weekends, barbecue, victory day, then summer, we will take the final exams, enter universities, plan vacations, dig gardens these words of the president were in vain, because ukrainians spent the year 2022 in fear and uncertain . russian missiles aimed at homes, schools, bridges. instead of barbecues and vacations,

people hid in shelters or sought refuge abroad, and on ukraine's victory day, our soldiers are still fighting at the front. back in the election campaign and during the inauguration , volodymyr zelenskyi called the end of the war in donbas his main task as president. in 2019, he, as the country's commander-in-chief, called for... military to cease fire. in order for our heroes not to die again, i am ready for anything. and i'm definitely not afraid to make difficult decisions. i am ready to lose my popularity, my ratings, and if necessary, i am ready without hesitation to lose my position, just so that peace will come. listen to me, i'm the president of this country, i'm 40. i'm in my second year, i'm not a fool, i came to you and told you: put away your weapons. and already after a year of his reign

, volodymyr zelenskyi admitted that ending the war was not as easy as it seemed to him, however , he was sure that he would be able to come to an agreement with putin to make peace, if there is no platform on which it is possible to agree on the end of the war, then you will not end it in any way, i am sure that... during my term of office we will end this war. we must tell the truth that we cannot stop the war without direct negotiations with russia. i want to address the president of the russian federation. fighting is going on all over the territory of ukraine. let's sit down at the transition table to stop the loss of life. after putin signed the documents on the annexation of the occupied ukrainian territories. zelensky declared that he was not ready for compromises with the enemy, and that russia could only be defeated with weapons.

only the path of strengthening ukraine and expelling the occupiers from our entire territory will restore peace. we will pass this way. from the moment of assuming the presidency until today, volodymyr zelenskyi has changed his opinion about a quick victory, because running the state is not a marathon of achieved results, but the fate of the entire country and the race. at the front. at the end of 2023, during a conference, president zelenskyi told the open truth: no one knows when the war will actually end, but will continue as long as russia remains on ukrainian territory, we have no way out, and this is not our weakness, i think, but strength, russia has a way out, to go home, we only have this home, where we have to go, we have nowhere to go,

and therefore the question is not how much it will be... it is the question of how much more is needed, well, we are returning to our airwaves, we will now talk a little about how president zelensky changed during the war, in particular, serhiy rudenko, a journalist, presenter, writer, author of the book zelensky without rome, which has been translated into various languages even languages ​​and is published very successfully in ukraine. mr. sergey, good morning. good morning, colleagues, glad to see and hear you. mr. serhiy, you wrote this book back in the 21st year, when there was no full-scale invasion, then you added it. did you imagine when you wrote the book that zelensky would become such a world leader that the whole world would applaud, because he did not run away

from ukraine and stayed with ukraine. of course. no one could have predicted this, including me, when i was writing the book, i wanted to give an answer to quite simple questions, who is president zelenskyi, since he was then elected president, i was interested to find out, or let's say, find out for myself and share with the readers, an opinion about who zelenskyi is. so, the first period we saw from '19 to '22 was a president who wanted to be president. of peace, that is, volodymyr zelenskyi really wanted to be the president of peace, he talked about it in your story, in particular, then he became the president of war, because he had no other choice, he fulfilled his constitutional obligations and headed the state during, or at least continued to lead the state during the large-scale invasion

of ukraine by russia. however, i think that president zelensky would like to be the president of victory. if not for peace, then for victory, that is, we see the evolution from the president of peace to the president of war and the desire to become the president of victory, quite a big evolution took place with zelensky himself and with his tenure as president, because i remember how for the german edition of deutsche welle i was writing a column just halfway through the presidential term zelensky was in the 21st year, that is, at the end of the 20's. this is the 21st year, i summarized the results of the first half of zelenskyi's presidency, and then i wrote about the fact that he promised a lot of things, but did not do much, and in principle, the war became a new stage in his presidency, which allowed him to move to a completely different echelon, because

there are not many presidents in the world now who accept war or accept the challenge of war and stand. at the head of the state, that is, the experience that zelenskyi now has, it is unique, unfortunately, this one the experience is bloody enough and it has great and heavy consequences for ukrainian society, but there is only one president who protects the state from aggression, and in such a bloody, large-scale war, it is zelenskyi. ivan bystrytskyi, ukrainian philosopher, bathory. the head of the revival fund wrote almost two years ago, at the beginning of the war , that we have two zelenskys, two presidents, one zelensky, whom we see applauded by the parliaments of other countries, and we are proud of such a president, and we are in solidarity with his words, which the writers write to him, which he pronounces, but we still have

a president who is so internal, where there is absolute intolerance to criticism, never once acknowledging his own... never once, disdainful attitude towards independent media and their actual for enemies, some kind of holding , and some such things, then nepotism is quite so evocative even, well, the appointment of pischan’s sister, a person who is a friend, a wife, who managed the business of the zelenskyi family, who became a little, well, i don’t know, such a slap even for the same ambassadors who asked not to do it for the position of, for example, the accounting chamber of the controlling body, what happened now, in a word, for these two years, such an impression that we never received bostrijskyi. writes that it is necessary for those two figures to converge in one, or has it not even been two years that the distance between these two zelenskys has become longer? there is no doubt that there are two zelenskiys, there may

even be three, because the first one was in the first period that i was talking about, 2019-2022, he was studying to be the president of ukraine, he is a political neophyte who entered the political environment, he had to somehow try to survive in this environment. he got into a high enough position, he had never run a government agency, he never knew what a government system was, and he was learning, he was learning for the first two years of his presidency, almost three years, but during the war he had to gain new experience , and this new experience, of course , was valuable for him, from the point of view of his, let's say... such perception in the world, legitimization in the world, because after the victory in the presidential elections and in the world, they looked to quite obliquely to the fact that ukraine was led by a former

comedian and artistic director of quarter 95, during the war he began to play the role of the leader of a warring country, and his performances and his perception in the international arena played this role successfully, this is a big plus for ukraine , because... that if this had not happened, then god knows how these two years of large-scale invasion would have passed, but zelenskyi is the representative of all the rules, all the diplomatic etiquette that has existed in the world so far, that is, if putin destroyed all security system, then zelensky destroyed the idea of ​​what diplomacy should be like and, in general, how the leader of the state should behave and in what clothes he appears. this is the internal

situation in the country, internal politics, communications with politicians, their absence, or rather, this is pressure on journalists, this is the throwing away of tv channels, including our espresso tv channel from t-2. without further explanation, this is corruption that flourishes in ukraine, and it is clear that for this to happen, political will is needed, first of all the leader of the state, that is, he reminds me of something mikhail gorbachev, because gorbachev was very well received abroad, he did a lot for europe, in particular for the germans, by destroying the berlin wall, for the americans, because they started... negotiations on the reduction of nuclear arsenals in the soviet union and in the united states of america, that is, gorbachev carried on their hands in the world and considered that he is one of

the leaders of the new world, they even gave him the nobel peace prize, with zelensky, let's say, his perception in these two years was quite high and he was accepted at at the highest level, now in... domestic politics, like gorbachev's, by the way, it requires some decisive actions from him, because gorbachev could not do anything about what was happening in the soviet union, maybe it should have happened, but inside in the soviet union, there were more questions about gorbachev than outside, and we have the same story that about zelensky, now more questions are already arising inside the state, and well, logical questions are already arising outside, because... internal politics is a continuation of external politicians of ukraine, especially during the war, it is clear that our western partners must understand whom they are helping and who is at the head of this

state. you compared with gorbachev, but gorbachev was not an actor, and you also said that zelenskyi plays a role, are there moments where zelenskyi does not play some role assigned to him, but is himself, i will say so, but in the first few months i... i thought i was seeing the real zelensky, because all these videos that were recorded in the first months of the war, that we are staying here in kyiv, this famous video, and then his appeal to people, they were sincere, it was clear that he is sincerely experiencing what is happening in the country, and it is clear that the war is a great stress, not only for ordinary ukrainians, but also for the leader... of the state, even more so, it is clear , that in a war where there are no rules and where a rocket can fly to you at any moment, or

come, some may come. the syrians are there, relatively speaking, and you will be taken prisoner or shot, i think it is clear that in this situation he was as sincere as possible, that is , it seems to me that in the first months of the war it there was maximum sincerity, now, when there are a lot of internal questions that require clear answers and quick answers, including personnel answers, i do not see the sincerity that i have seen in zelensky until now, because if... on the one hand he tries to like the event and get what ukraine needs, and on the other hand he covers people who steal from the ministry of defense, who steal from the armed forces of ukraine, who steal in general from all state institutions, well then a completely logical question arises: where are you sincere, where you ask money, or where you just cover these

people and don't give. to the question: what, who is bakanov, what is he responsible for, why is he not , no, not before the court, for how he prepared for the war, why not under the rule of tatarov, why is reznikov not responsible for the corruption that was in ministry of defense, just quietly resigned, well, there are a lot of unsolved questions, but in the book you mention, i added its last version in... in 2023, the british publishing house published the latest reprint, so i wrote about that i would very much wanted him not to run for the presidency a second time, that is, his history with the beginning of the war and, god forbid, the end, this is quite enough, he should remain the president of the war, and not be the president of corruption, because this is another status that he can

acquire and. .. why very quickly, judging by the development of events, judging by the scandals that you and i are watching together. president zelenskyi, actually from the testimony of other presidents, the same duda, other people who were in contact with zelenskyi during the last transition of the actually russian invasion, it all follows that zelensky most likely still realized that the war was coming, and in such a case... immediately after the war , specific questions will be put to him, let's call it that, that is, if it is proven that he knew that the war was unavoidable and did not inform the public about it for any reason, good or bad, in fact it is a serious problem because if it can be proven that it caused harm,

specific people died because of it, after all, yes... then that might turn him from a war hero to to the post-war, post-war situation on the participant, on the accused, or us, do we need to give president zelensky guarantees already now to the ukrainian society so that he knows that his departure from power will be ensured, let's say, in order not to push him to some attempts to hold on to power in order to simply... stay, what just stay afloat, what is it called, i would like zelensky to be like gorbachev, i.e. quietly leave power and give lectures somewhere in foreign universities, although in 20004 i met with gorbachev in moscow, i interviewed him, and we talked with him about this post of his presidential term, he

mentioned then that... yeltsin actually forbade him to travel abroad and he had big problems with with this, he and i talked a lot about the soviet union, how it was falling apart, what happened then, gorbachev could probably get out of the soviet union in a very bloody way, and we now understand that if he had simply turned on the martial law regime and started in all republics of the then soviet union war, then it would be obvious... on at the moment, we were already experiencing the consequences of the great war that could have been. regarding zelenskyi and his knowledge, obviously, obviously, he was informed about the scenario predicted by western intelligence, william bence, the head of the central intelligence agency of the united states of america, talked about this, he talked about the fact that he...