people, okay , let's build it, we'll build something else for you there, hand over something like that, and so on, that is, we'll invest in the development of your culture, presence , we'll rebuild something there, for example, we're talking about in warsaw , where the grave of the unknown soldier was once huge the palace of the kings from the weting dynasty, that is, the kings of saxony, well, the germans say , let us rebuild this palace for you with our money, if you want to rebuild it, we will help you, we will finance it, this will be our compensation... for the fact that during the warsaw the uprising, this palace was destroyed , and we are talking about such things, this is money for individuals, children already at that moment , victims of german forced labor, essentially freedmen of the third reich, persons who suffered in other punitive actions of the third reich , whether they were well, victims of this criminal. human regime, but

this is not about reparations, when reparations are huge, we understood, very aptly, mr. myroslav cech, a polish politician, public figure, told us the difference between compensations and reparations, yes, it is useful to know, and even more useful, thank you mr. miroslava, to watch the following interview of tetyana vysotska, who spoke with the secretary general of the council of europe maria pejchynovych buchich, these people... that is, our colleague, and this secretary, they will discuss what the council of europe can do to help ukraine quickly overcome the path from today's state of affairs to the state of affairs when ukraine will become a full-fledged, full-fledged member of the european community. so now a 15-minute interview, and then again mykola verezen. this is the agenda.

greetings, my name is tetiana vysotska and we are at the palace of europe, the headquarters of the council of europe in strasbourg, and we have the opportunity to talk with the secretary general of the council of europe, maria pejchynovych-burych. let's talk with ms. maria about ukraine's path to the eu, how the council of europe can help ukraine on this path, as well as how to bring the bloody aggressor putin to justice. and how to build a compensation mechanism for the damage caused to ukraine by the war? dear madam secretary general, thank you for this conversation with us. you have been the head of the council of europe for almost 5 years, and during all this time the council of europe and you personally have always done a lot to support and help ukraine. reflecting on these years, what do you consider to be the main achievements? in fact, i started

working in this position even before the start of this terrible full-scale aggression of the russian federation against ukraine. from the very beginning , cooperation with ukraine has been very active and important, but our kyiv office has become the largest office in the member states. this is a testimony of how important ukraine was and remains for us. speaking about achievements, i would start with a few areas in which we worked, and already now you can see tangible results. one of these areas is definitely improving the protection of human rights for internally displaced persons and those returning home. another direction is the new law on media, and in general the sphere of media and the system of public broadcasting in ukraine. there is also another direction, and i am very proud that ukraine has made

enormous progress over the past 5 years, this the fight against domestic violence , violence against women and children, including the ratification of the istanbul convention, our gold standard in this area, which ukraine very bravely ratified, even despite the war that was already going on in 2022, when the convention was ratified, i think it is a huge and important improvement in the measures that are now... being taken in ukraine to help ukrainian women and children, and not only those who are in ukraine, but also those who, for known unfortunate reasons, are outside of it boundaries we also jointly improved the legislation in the field of social human rights, protection and promotion of the rights of minorities and the lgbt community. and these are just a few examples where we see very, very tangible results that we are very proud of. one more aspect. which is

very important for every citizen of ukraine is that we have worked hard and achieved a better policy and a better legislative framework for the reform of local self-government. actually , these achievements are significant steps on the path of european integration of ukraine. the past the european council and the european commission agreed to the start of negotiations on ukraine's accession to the eu. how the council of europe can now help us harmonize our legislation with european legislation, in particular through the approved action plan for ukraine. first of all, let me congratulate ukraine on obtaining this candidate status and the start of negotiations, as this is a great achievement and , in my opinion, a significant paradigm shift for the european institutions regarding enlargement, when

a country suffering from an aggressive war against it gets this opportunity. it a huge signal for ukraine and ukrainians that we see that this war must end. and that ukraine has a very clear european perspective. at the same time, ukraine has been a member of the council of europe for a long time, and we are very happy that thanks to our new action plan, the implementation of which began last year in 2023 and will last for four years until 2026, we can help ukraine in this direction. the plan is called sustainability, recovery and reconstruction, which means that we want to focus on... the urgent needs of ukraine and ukrainians, and also in the medium term to help ukraine, both during the war and in the post-war period. in this regard, we have the largest budget within the framework of one action plan among the member states of the council of europe, approximately 50

million euros, which we have allocated for its implementation, and i am very happy about the support of the action plan for ukraine from other member states. who make voluntary contributions. and which is very large. as you mentioned, our action plan aims to help ukraine in those areas, in particular in the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, which will be screened, as it is called in the jargon of the european union, and which will be important for the negotiations on ukraine's accession to the eu. in fact, many of the so-called political criteria for membership in the european union also belong. to the key criteria of the council of europe, so we can say very clearly that a number of areas that we are working on as part of the action plan will directly contribute to the accession negotiations, starting with major reforms such as judicial and constitutional reforms, continuing with work in the field of media, and

as well as the development of local self-government, reforming municipalities, and so on. after the start of a full-scale invasion of ukraine by russia in 2022, the council of europe became the first and in fact the only major international organization to almost immediately exclude russia from its membership, but now the question of responsibility is becoming increasingly acute: how to punish the leaders of russia and belarus for starting the war against ukraine and crimes against humanity, what can the council of europe do, what is it already doing? the word responsibility has become a key word since the morning of february 24, 2022, when this terrible morning began with the illegal aggression of the russian federation against ukraine. it was very obvious that the council of europe had

to send a signal, either russia would stop its aggression and withdraw its troops, or it would be expelled from the organization. of course, they didn't listen to anyone and were kicked out in record time. this is the first time in the history of the council of europe that such a decision has been taken, and i am very proud that our organization has shown unity on this issue. this is one of the areas where we demonstrated what responsibility is. another direction immediately to begin assisting the prosecutor general of ukraine in collecting evidence that may be used in court or other proceedings in the future, as there was a serious threat of losing some of it. in the meantime... we created a damage registry, which was and remains today the first international accountability mechanism, meaning we backed up our words with action: the registry is designed to collect evidence of loss, injury or damage that has been caused to

individuals or a state ukraine, by the terrible actions of the russian federation. of course, the damage register should be part of the overall compensation mechanism, that's all. the first part, there are two others that need to be implemented, we are working on it with the international community, the issue that has been on the table from the beginning is of course the crime of aggression. the council of europe was a participant in the initiative when the first reflections began on how we can best contribute to the creation of a special tribunal on the crime of aggression. and i think the fact that the international criminal court has taken some steps by issuing arrest warrants putin and his bootlegger and children's affairs, became one of the right directions on the way to prosecution, but returning to the special bunal, we have been working together with our experts for some time as part of the work of the main group

of countries interested in the idea of ​​creating a tribunal. we have particular expertise in evidence collection, procedural matters, and the transfer of criminal proceedings. time will tell how best to approach this, but the council of europe is already part of an international effort to attract responsibility and the creation of a special what are the latest news about the register of losses, when it will become operational, when citizens of ukraine can start submitting applications to the register? let me start by mentioning the summit of the heads of states and governments of the council of europe, held last may in reykjavík, which decided to create a damage register. in may , several more important steps were taken. the first is the creation of a conference of participants

of the body, which includes 44 participants, 43 member states and the european union. it is important that among these 43 states are all members of the big seven. the second important body of the registry is the board, which consists of seven members chosen from among the leading lawyers nominated. participants, the former president of the european court of human rights, robert spano, was elected as the president. of course, we have a director nominated by the conference of participants, and we have also identified the location of the registry in the hague, because the city of the hague is the center of international justice. the netherlands expressed its desire to have a registry and we did so. we are also from the same at the beginning, they wanted to open a representative office of the registry in kyiv as well. and now we are already on the way to that. we hope that the registry will be able to accept the first applications already in april. it is very

important that the registry starts working now, but it is equally important to think about the next stages now. the first stage is the registration of claims, but then it is very important to create an appropriate commission for the consideration of complaints and an appropriate fund for compensation, according to the submitted applications. accountability is an absolute prerequisite for... achieving a just peace in the future, and the registry is one of them extremely important steps in this direction. and where do you expect to get these funds for compensation? will it be frozen russian assets or something else? the council of europe leads and will continue to lead the work on the management of the damage register, but with regard to the creation of a common mechanism. also be a part of

this process, as its connection with the registry is key. i think that the participants who will work on the creation of a common compensation mechanism will find funding for it through joint efforts. speaking of the international tribunal for… this discussion is currently taking place at the level of experts within the framework of the main group of states i mentioned. at present, the moment has not yet come when the members of the core group will finally decide how and when to establish the tribunal. always important. involve as many international organizations as possible in such a process, including judicial institutions such as the icc and

others. i think that a wider discussion about what would be the best solution and how to go about it, once agreement is reached, will lend legitimacy to the future tribunal when it is formed. therefore, it is good that there are discussions thorough and that all possible ways of establishing a tribunal are indeed being considered. this is necessary so that after the final decision is made, it can begin to function effectively. and good health again, we work until 8 p.m., we only have about 45 minutes, and we will have time to talk with many people about various topics, we will start with vyacheslav likhachev,

historian, political scientist, researcher, member of the expert council of the center for civil liberties , it will now appear. good health, mr. vyacheslav, thank you for finding us in sunday time yesterday, 200,000 people in germany came out with protests against the existence of such a party called alternative for germany, and there are many scandals in germany about this and about the connections of this party alternative for germany with the fsb, the federal security service of the russian federation, that is, a descendant of the kgb and the nkvd and yes. in your opinion , why do they come out, is there really such a danger there, that a fifth of a million, in absolute terms, it is not so much, because as far as i remember, there are 85 million people living there in germany somewhere and 200 thousands don't seem like a lot, but it still means that people are worried, and why, why,

why is the root of this opposition anti-fascist. and fascists, because many call the alternative a fascist or fascist-like or nazi-like party. greetings, good evening, to be brief, there is of course a certain set of reasons, but to be brief, there are two main ones, they are connected on the one hand with the fact that representatives of the alternative for germany party have recently been involved in certain media scandals. as well as in investigations and not only journalistic ones, but also the german special services, but there the more important trigger for german society is not even the connections with the russian special services, but the participation of high-ranking officials from the afd, alternatives for

germany in the meetings quite frankly. urban neo-nazi organizations where plans to deport people of non-german ethnic origin from germany were discussed, and this stirred up german society, and it actually led to a much wider outrage than the information about connections with russia that has been emerging since the 19 year periodic, and not leads to such outrage and there. the latest information about the attempt by deputies from the afd at the order of the kremlin to stop the supply of tanks from germany, it actually appeared not now, even, but it seems in august of last year, and did not lead to such a scandal, but the information that the afd is really extremist an organization that plans

certain, well, ethnic cleansing in germany, this outraged the german. society, for the majority of which this is not possible in a legal political system, and on the other hand, very short, short, but important, well, what we need to understand, it is that the popularity of this party is growing, it is not about the marginals there with a few percentages of popularity, but it is about the second most popular, currently according to the polls , political. and it is this that pushes those who do not agree with its policies to more decisive action. and look, mr. vyacheslav, well, we see that both the extreme right and the extreme left are raising their heads, there are many of them, they are getting more and more and, why, it is if the everyday elements

have changed, turned into political ones, which i have mean, years ago...traveled er there by the sea in britain, in england , in the south, and i saw a completely white country, completely white, and when you walk around london, you see black and white, black and yellow and white, whatever, that is, a lot of people different colors of the world, different, different eyes, different, well, different culture, different eyes. and so on and so on, and i think to myself, i think the same about ukraine, that when we win and when we start moving to europe and salaries will be higher, or at least halved. neo-european, people will come here from the arab world, from the african world, from far eastern worlds and so on and the like, and how ukrainian society will

treat them is also unknown, that is , am i right that these are just everyday moments when your eyes somehow see a woman in a hijab, then you do not like it, and if someone comes and tells you that you know, i will fight against a woman in a hijab, then you will vote for him later, when it is convenient. turns into a political one, with regard to ukraine, you encourage migration, we simply will not be able to restore the economy after the war for, well, because the depopulation will be very significant , we really have to prepare for it, in terms of this domestic xenophobia or migrant phobia, which is fueling the popularity of the far-right in europe, well, at the level of generalization, you can say that, but it will be a very rough generalization, because well... in the same britain , the far right is not popular at the moment, they do not raise their heads, in france and in germany, the factors that affect the popularity

of the far right are very different in germany before this migrant phobia, and migrant phobia increased a lot 10 years ago, when germany accepted a significant number of refugees from syria, and it was precisely this that the far-right accused the merkel government, and it was precisely on this ... ground that the afd actually emerged as a political party, but to this is added a certain all-pervasive difference in the standard of living between the eastern and western parts of the country and a certain resentment of this eastern post-socialist germany in relation to the more successful western one, and the fd is more popular in the east, in addition, there are certain ... consequences of such a green transition, which led to the deindustrialization of some regions, cities and

well, the lands of germany, especially the eastern one, which was very centralized, industrialized, well, according to the soviet type, this is exactly the type of city in which a representative from the afd recently won the municipal elections for the first time, for the first time, because... despite their popularity, they always remained on the sidelines because everyone united against them, and this time the representative of this party was able to overcome all his opponents, despite the fact that they united, and this is precisely because the deindustrialized part of the country considers the greens, that is, the left and all this liberal, liberal establishment are guilty of... lowering their lives, of certain threats they feel to their identity and, well, socio-economic point of view. mr. vyacheslav, i have a very tricky question for you,

what is its trick, now you will understand, and i hope that the audience will understand why france and germany do not follow the example of britain, because in my opinion both britain and canada and to some extent, well, australia to a certain extent. so, the united states, although there is already a controversy, they have prospects foreigners, foreigners, if there is such a word, i don't know, much bigger, much more branched, that is, i am giving such an example, and what is the perspective of a muslim person in couples, well, in france, it is to be a taxi driver in paris and still live somewhere near paris. in the small towns where they live, where they mostly live, as well as in germany, in britain - these are people who can get an education, they may

not necessarily be a taxi driver, moreover, in london, you can get a potra in a taxi, well, there is problems with getting into a taxi, that is , wider opportunities, and in france, for example, okay, you can come from morocco, but what are you, what do you have... maximum growth on the social ladder, very not small two steps, three steps, in england there are so many steps, we see who is the prime minister now - the minister and so on, and it seems to me that we, well, europeans simply do not take good examples, why do they not take good examples, that is why there are no protests in london and in england, regarding, well, there are protests, there is no doubt that the parliament works, the cabinet of ministers i will come up with laws that still limit migration, but there are no such, you know, catastrophic moments when, as we know, they exist in paris and or near paris quite often.

you know, at the level of ascertainment, you can say that yes, ah, the level of xenophobia in everyday society, in britain is less than in france or germany, ah, the prospects for people who have british citizenship, but are from other countries, for example, from muslim regions or from india, they are much better than the prospect of people from muslim regions who even have passports from france or germany, that's right, at the level of... we can say this, but what exactly factors led to this, there can be a dispute, because on the one hand there is a certain historical legacy, well, which cannot be changed, unlike germany, britain is the former metropolis of a huge empire, which is used to already to these people, and these people who came from india or from pakistan, they immediately had the right to british citizenship, they

were ... part of society, and society felt a certain duty or a certain responsibility for them. it's the same in france part of algerian origin, they were entitled to a french passport, but the process of separation of france with algeria was much more complicated and bloody than the process of separation of britain with, for example, india, so it continues to be followed. we prejudices and social tension. germany did not have such provinces. those who come now from turkey, or refugees from syria, are people, well, who are not familiar, who are not related by history to german society, so they are exposed to a much more powerful rejection. in addition, british political system, it is a two-party system, in which there is no

place for the emergence of such a... populists who quickly collect the cream for the dissatisfaction of the people right now, as they do, for example, the afd in germany, that is, there is a lot of difference, it is difficult here, i agree, yes, vyacheslav likhachev, historian, political scientist, researcher, member of the expert council of the center for civil liberties, was with us, i'll just give one example, i had a friend from the bbc, james kurasami, he 's from sri lanka, and if it weren't for him. he is just british british, but he is so outwardly very similar to a person from sri lanka, from india, somewhere from those regions, from pakistan, and he, i asked him, have you been to your homeland, or rather to your homeland, to the homeland of your grandfathers and great-grandfathers, he says he has never been, because he doesn't internally feel a kinship with sri lanka, with this fantastic island, and that's why he doesn't want to go there, and about the turks, about whom mr. vyacheslav said, they

go home very often and this... this culture is two- two dual nationalities, he is also german, he has a passport, but he goes to his family, and here they are the exchange takes place, and accordingly he is no longer german, he is half turkish, or half moroccan, algerian and so on and so on. well, let's move on, let's talk now about the near east, or the middle east, something like that. mykhailo yakubovych, orientalist, candidate of historical sciences, researcher. of the oriental studies department of the university of freiburg, which is located in the extreme west of southwest germany, on the border, as i understand it, between switzerland and france. good health, mr. mykhailo. good evening. i just know probably because i skied there in the black forest, so i was very often in freiburg and fell in love with this

city. we are waiting, but this is not what we are talking about, we are talking about something else, what do you think, thank you for joining our broadcast, mr. mykhailo, but what do you think, what kind of development will the americans have with the english, with the english are bombing iraqi bases, iranian people, iranian armed forces or xir there, that is, these... those of the islamic revolution, and we see that something is going on, something is happening, or there will be an escalation of the conflict, or can we imagine something other than missiles and planes? well , those who have missiles and airplanes will have them fly, others will have drones and various types of ballistic missiles that they are developing, now the situation is this, to put it briefly, but...