with export security, we even have certain problems with our neighbors, and we saw all these nuances at the borders at the end of 2023, this is not all, this is not all that we are facing now, but this is the conditions under which we have to react, as today, what share of ukrainian gdp is provided by the agricultural sector and exports of our country. products, indeed, not even that ukrainians, the world did not understand how dependent they were on ukrainian products, it was felt at the beginning of the first months, when exports stopped and in in the world, food prices began to rise, and we understood that the agricultural sector of ukraine really is a locomotive that held and during the war continues to hold, i will tell you this, in the conditions of the total export, which was carried out in 2023, the share is more than 60 % of this total export was agricultural products, that is, we... today are really

getting the economy, we are giving opportunities to receive foreign exchange revenue and distribute it to the state budget in order to cover social issues and to a greater extent the need, which today go to the armed forces of ukraine, because the money that we earn independently as a state can be directed to military actions, so we can directly say that not only the issue of food and nutrition of people depends on what the agricultural sector does, but also in this case, it is a security issue for ukraine. ugh, one of the... things is to grow and we will definitely talk about it, the second thing is to collect and we will definitely talk about it, the third thing is to export it, and here there were especially a lot of different challenges, well, firstly by sea, secondly by rail, thirdly, of course by motor transport, we understand that ukraine is looking for ways, looking for ways to cover, so that everyone gets everything and so that we get it.

most importantly, do you think we can do it under the proposed conditions? it turns out that there were difficulties at the beginning of the 22nd year, it means a full-scale invasion, because about 80-90% of the total exports went by sea, but since the sea was blocked, it was a matter of no danger, accordingly, the sea stopped, alternative routes in the form of road transport or rail or the way the danube has already developed in us, it was not so wide and accordingly we had shipments there. 200 , 150,000 tons a month there, that is, in the conditions when every month we exported as a state seven, and in some places 8 million, that is, you understand, these were rather very small meager numbers, and only with the beginning of the work of the grain initiative, which de facto became possible thanks to turkey and the organization of the united nations, from august 22, we began to gradually restore exports by sea against the great odesa, and in fact during the period of existence of the grain initiative, about 33 million

tons of grain were realized, but it is very important that they did not stop only to focus on the holes and that's it, they did the right thing, that they diversified the risks and simultaneously developed the river ports across the danube, established work through the border points, as partly by railway and road, because as practice has shown, the suspension of the work of the grain initiative again put a heavy burden on the work of the danube and on the work of overland routes, and only now, in fact six months ago. started an independent movement and it is meant that in the black sea thanks to the military this humanitarian corridor was developed, we again reached the potential of extra such exports through the black sea, literally in the month of december , the food group was exported about 5 million tons, this is actually the pre-war period, we even we did not have this during the period of the grain initiative, and this is all thanks to what the military, security, security, guarantees to commercial judges that we will maximize security. not your

stay, and now we have such indicators, as of january we also reached about 2 million in the black sea alone. what you are saying now looks extremely encouraging, i would like to emphasize once again, that is, this is the restoration of civil shipping, which is provided now exclusively by the defense forces of ukraine, it gives more opportunities for export than all those un agreements, yes. russia, turkey and so on, and what is very important, we are independent, no one controls what we export, but we also import, because if we recall, although exports took place, when there was a concentration of 100 ships near the bosphorus, they were idle even for months, these were huge losses, which were then transferred to the producers, because the trader will bring, but those losses he then gives a lower price for commodity producer, and that is why now we see a gradual return of everyone to export, also the black sea, but it is very important not

to despair, because there is a war in the country, the enemy does not stop its shelling, and in the same way, we still need to keep alternatives and move and develop in parallel danube and partly railway. highways, port infrastructure, in fact , almost every week under enemy attack, it is, and nevertheless we have good results, what is this connected with, we learned how to quickly restore the capabilities of our ports after shelling, or, well, first of all this is a matter of security itself, that is, an anti-aircraft defense system that works, again, the second is the possibility of demining the black sea, something that the ukrainians also did. viskovi and our partners bulgaria, romania, partly turkey, and of course these are certain financial ones the mechanisms that were proposed in the form of insurance, i.e. ships that enter the territorial waters of ukraine, they are insured, and plus today we even have proposals from two state banks that

will also provide insurance for the ship, i.e. from the point of view of security and financial guarantee god forbid any losses, we undertake these obligations, moreover, ships. conducted by the military within the territorial waters of ukraine, further, when they go to romania, bulgaria, these countries these ships also accompany within their territorial waters, so partnership relations show how to achieve a joint great result. let's talk a little about where we might not have expected such behavior from our partners, although, if we look pragmatically at their realities, much is also clear, so we... talked a lot about what is happening on the border of ukraine and poland , we followed the latest events on the slovak border, on the romanian border, and in fact, in europe in general in the second half of 2023 there was a trend towards a blockade of exports from

ukraine, including agricultural products, mainly ukraine. have we managed to turn things around, or do you think maybe, i don't know, political change in this? countries have already cooled the degree of tension a little , well, yes, if we recall the beginning of these active actions, it was april 23, then we saw an escalation, first with a complete ban not only on imports, but also on transit, and in fact we received a ban for import by the decision of the european commission up to five eastern european countries, but when all this seemed to pass and certain studies were carried out, the same european commission canceled its ban on september 15, because... in fact , there was no real shipment of ukrainian products, here, as you rightly emphasized, then there was more politics, there was more hype than the economic expediency of carrying out all this, but the next stage that we pushed, which also hit the economy quite significantly, including the ukrainian one, is the blockade, first of polish carriers, and

then farmers join them, the active phase is november-december, mid-january, the losses are estimated at more than 1.5 billion euros in total, both for export and import in general , of ukrainian business, and this is very... strongly negatively affected, and what is really surprising is that in fact, there was no subject of conversation with ukraine, that ukraine is doing something wrong there, because if we look at the demands of the farmers who came, they say that we want the polish government to continue paying us subventions, subsidies together with the european union, we do not want the loan rates in banks grew, although they remained at the same level, we do not want an increase in taxation within our country, and here the question arises, where is ukraine here, so why, where, what are we here for, then this... scheme was intercepted by the romanians, the same demands that are in no way related to ukraine, and now we see a gradual solution to this problem on the part of romania as well, because the government made concessions to them, we now have opportunities to cross borders, the arrival of donald tusk to ukraine, in addition to defense issues

directions of cooperation with of agriculture, technical groups are currently working on the possibility of creating licensing within the framework of bilateral agreements for certain types of products that... the poles would like to license, and not so that they are implemented there, we agree to this, because we have such conditions , for example, with bulgarians, romanians, and they are effective, they work, from the point of view of potential exports, these countries are not interesting for us, they are also agricultural, they also grow crops, we could sell some share, but in fact transit is more important to us , transit, access to them infrastructure, accordingly, then the sale to the third world countries, so at the moment we see such a political decision that this issue is settled, another one? the problem is that the movements within the european zone are gaining momentum, not only the poles are rioting, the french, the germans, in brussels, belgian farmers are also leaving, and this all indicates that something is not working properly from the point of view of the mechanism of support for the agricultural sector within the eurozone, it needs

to be reformed, and we are facing a very difficult period, because at the same time reforming the agrarian industry within europe, and here we as a country are... moving and have to take on some certain implementations, and in these conditions, well, a very big contradiction, firstly, the cost price of the products that are grown now in europe, it is significantly more expensive why, because there are certain requirements, the green ones, that's what they're called green, because they have to follow the ecology, accordingly, polish, romanian, german farmers there receive less money, they say, we want to be compensated for it, they are told that on the contrary, the program is shortened subsidies, and at this very moment on all televisions they are saying that soon the ukrainian market will join us, and how they look at ukrainian farmers, they understand that they will not be competitors, besides the fact that they will not be competitors, those subsidies, what are they?

germans, with the same poles, and in them, you know, as long as you speak from the point of view of political protection and unification of europe, they understand it perfectly, ukraine protected europe in its time, did not allow enemy troops to advance, ukraine is needed politically support, weapons must be given, and then when you, but then when you move to the economy, you say: but at the same time , you must understand that in these conditions that exist, if we accept, implement the demands that you put before us put in the farmer'. then we also have the right to apply for these subsidies, and here the problem already begins: yes, what, and no, and

what should i serve, or should i lose, and the ukrainians will earn, and this is such, well, such a serious political process, which we will see, which will be accompany our relations with the representatives of the european union, i am still afraid of one question that also worries me, because, for example, now we are already creating competition in conditions where there are small, medium and large businesses in ukraine, but you know, from the first... august 204 year, we have a new stage of land reform, which makes it possible to sell 10,000 hectares in the same hands, and we don't think about it for europeans either, because in them nobody sells such massifs, and when we sell such massifs, we form large companies , agricultural holdings, which will enter the eurozone very intensively, and then it will also be a very big problem for polish, romanian, german, and french farmers, so today it would be important from the point of view of a pragmatic-political state decision to postpone. for the period of the war, raising these limits, for several years after the war until the moment when we do not integrate to support especially medium and

small businesses in ukraine, because if they are now someone is at war, someone is helping in the war, many work in loss because there is no comparable price, although they sell it, but under these conditions we are giving impetus to large latifunds, this will also be a problem for ukraine. oh, a whole layer, it seems to me, important issues have been raised now, and when i... think about our friends and partners and about their pragmatic interest in any issue, there is an understanding that, well, in fact, ukraine could give an impetus to development and changes for the better, perhaps not very pleasant and at a time of painful changes within europe itself, the european union, in the format in which it exists now, in some countries, but for some reason not everyone, not everyone wants to change, wants everything to be the way it is... it's going well, why do we need someone new, why do we need additional competitors, and well, we also have to think about it, i

it seems that, of course, this is a very big problem for the poles in general, but specifically for them , because over the past decades subsidizing their agrarian industry, they actually conquered a fairly widespread european market for dairy and meat products, and here after 2 years it has been operating without duties and without quotas for ukrainian products, we began to claim these shelves due to the quality of a partially lower price, and they therefore, when the blockade was going on, it included knocking out ukrainian representatives on store shelves, because when contracts are broken, polish business effectively approaches, saying: you don't have contracts with ukraine, sign these contracts with us, and that's it. such a difficult fate, which today rests on the shoulders of ukrainian business, including well, let's think. about how the agricultural sector in our country is changing and will continue to change country, first of all, the landscape is changing

, so simple, well, the landscape of the territories where we can grow something and carry out some kind of agricultural activity, secondly, these territories are shrinking banally, and mining, pollution is crazy, like how the south of ukraine has changed, just like that realistically in the second half of 2000. of the 23rd year in connection with the construction of the kakhovskaya hydroelectric power plant. and all this is a whole complex of issues, and to be honest, all this has accumulated, but we are not yet aware of the final result of all these... processes and we do not even imagine how it will turn out for us literally in two years. how to calculate all the options, how to make it so that we preserve our agricultural agrarian positions in the world, while, well, you know, preserving our traditions inside the country in this sector,

changing somewhere, but responding to certain challenges, both our internal ones, so and external indeed, the structure of production has also changed quite a lot, there have been certain approaches in crop rotation, but the numbers are difficult, because in the conditions of the occupied territories, de-occupied territories , we have losses of the order of a potential 7 million hectares land that has not been cultivated for two years, and there are about 2.2 million hectares of land in the de-occupied territories that need to be surveyed and demined, but this is still the fate, it is the fate of people, it is the fate of people and farms and the whole. united communities that worked on these lands, you really mentioned the ecological disaster, the destruction of the kokhovskaya hydroelectric dam, which provided water for irrigation to the south of ukraine, the left bank of the kherson region, partly zaporizhzhia region, dnipropetrovsk region, receiving water from the kakhovskaya hydroelectric dam, and these are all the consequences, which really will be reflected for years, for years to come, and now it is necessary to prepare for this and

prepare from the point of view of looking for a financial model of the capacity for the agricultural sector to have an effect. active and not at the right time , probably today to talk about reducing, for example, the systems of those supports that exist, because we do not have funding, as in europe, subsidies, but we have certain conditions in the taxation system, for example, they many enterprises work on the fourth group, the unified taxation system, and actually now i am talking about that it would have to be removed, to switch to a general system, and it is very difficult, because two years in a loss, deoccupied, they still cannot find any mechanism how to set it all up, and here i am talking about the fact that in the taxation system will change for us, this is a negative factor, we will not develop our sector in any way, although even in the conditions of war we see that farmers are ready to work at a loss, taking credit, re-crediting, because we predicted that the 23rd year would be worse than the 22nd, he showed, on the contrary, a good harvest

about 80 million grain oil crops, which gives a potential of 60 million pots. exports, and therefore there is no less than 23-24 million dollars, which we have to earn from this, and here we need to find a mechanism for how to support, how to look for an effective formula, listen to business, and not just leave the position that this will happen, and we we want so, because if this happens, then we will actually see top-20, top-30 large latifundia, but the average small business simply ceased to exist from the point of view of the inability to be competitive in such conditions, but how is it inside? the country has changed, the map has changed, so to speak, does the south remain a support for the cultivation of certain crops there, or perhaps, for the most part, large, medium and smaller businesses have relocated, and now we see the development of the same signals in other regions, well this can be especially felt in the cultivation

of vegetables, because it is really a problem with the occupation of kherson region, it led to the fact that we had a crisis there in the 22nd year. but due to diversification, relocation, relocation of enterprises, and due to the fact that there central ukraine, vinnytsia , dnipropetrovsk region, just a little further south , western ukraine, lviv region very strongly , for example, joined in, transcarpathia is a traditional cultivation for them, lviv region joined in very strongly, in the 23rd year we saw that we got quite a powerful result on vegetables, and this is quite gratifying, because in a short time you could diversify a little, replace, all of your changes in the same way. is happening, then the producers focus on the prices that are going in the world for the grain group, many have started to sow more soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower, but sunflower this season is also extremely low, that is, it was actually unprofitable for many, so we will watch, observe how the global situation will develop, the formation of prices, and the producers of goods will adjust to it, because we are not subsidized, we

sold what we grew and made money from it, we don't have subsidies per hectare or per ton, so everything... on our own efforts, it's just hard to even imagine the realities in which our farmers live, well regarding the cultivation of some culture, that is, you are used to it, you have it tradition, maybe there, i don't know, your grandfather , your great-grandfather, your father was engaged in the cultivation of some crop in these lands, let's say that, and here everything changes so much that you have to, i don't know, make a decision to make a decision to grow something else, a completely different technology, stored in a completely different way, in a completely different way. maybe i'm oversimplifying now, you know, my civilian boy mind, but it seems not only expensive, but energy-consuming, extremely, you're constantly in some kind of frenzy. racing for the realities that you are into they omit it, and uh, do we even have

a percentage of people who say everything, i just can't do it anymore, i commit to it, i will do something else, according to your observations, in the agricultural sector at all, do we have now the percentage of people who say that i am no longer ready to chase for the rest of my life... the train that i cannot chase is there, but thank god it is not many, and the main criterion for making such a decision is the banal lack of working capital, it's a banal lack of opportunity to work, because what if he he did not sell for six months in the 22nd year , he had accumulated losses, it was necessary to sow, he took new loans and they simply did not withdraw, and they were forced to really stop economic activity, someone left the land there under steam, for example, last winter, nothing. it did not sow anything in the fall, and we can see this from the reduction of production areas, too, when in the period of sown crops, for example, in this winter crops, less wheat was sown there

, about an order of magnitude, well, significantly, if you look at cultivation, probably by a million million 1.5 million tons, i'm sorry, tons of hectares of land have decreased in general, this is provided that they have access to these lands, they are not de-occupied or occupied territories, so this factor hits very... hard, especially to small and medium-sized businesses, and it is very important , again, to understand support in these difficult conditions, to give opportunities not to tighten the nuts, to let them look for options so that they develop, because when exports stopped, they themselves began to look for counterparties, to look for opportunities to leave, they never sold, they did it all the time trading is popular in ukraine , global companies, no, they themselves began to drive, transport, transport a humanitarian truck here, so that the car is not empty... well, that is, people twisted such a mechanism, it is the instinct of self-survival and a little bit of ukrainian ingenuity , and the desire not to sit still

gave their result, so when this result is there, then there is no need to do anything negative for it, now , when we see how they report there, for example, our government officials go somewhere, they always say, here is the agricultural sector, we export, here we are granary of the world, we continue to feed, but no one says at the same time how hard it is for the ukrainian agrarian. well, to extract, that is why it is very important that there is an understanding between the government and business, well , we have such an anarchic trait in the character of ukrainians in a pleasant sense, yes, when we, despite many things, know how to squeeze, as they say, sweet lemonade from a sour lemon, nevertheless, the all-ukrainian agrarian council is in communication, i do not know the level of this communication, i do not know... whether they talk to you the way you would see it, and that's what you want, but when you try to communicate with those who make decisions, in particular of a political nature, of a managerial

nature in our country, there is a feeling that they hear, respond, or after all sharpening a strong hand, on decisions that somewhere from above must be lowered vertically downwards, it is now more, they hear, and i will tell you what. specifically, because over the years of existence, we as the all-ukrainian agrarian council have created a powerful analytical center, where the best specialists in land issues, tax issues, and we are very active in communication with the specialized agrarian committee, with the ministry of agrarian policy, in principle, we find a common language on many issues, the only thing that has separated us recently is the issue of land, these are limits, and this some wrong answer to the petition i collected is not timely. the all-ukrainian agrarian council, because in november, realizing that we do not have an answer, the second stage of the land reform has been coming since january, a petition was registered on the president's website against

raising these limits, in 20 days she gained 26,000 votes, this is despite the fact that the site was down for several weekends in a row, it did not work, we did not know that this happens, but it turns out, and nevertheless we were waiting for a response, this sometimes it's very convenient, when it's very convenient, well, i'm not a technologist, but something like that. stuck in our heads, and we thought that there would be a reasonable response, because, well, it's a petition, it's not 100 people, it's not 20 people, it's 26,000, if the petition was still hanging, it could be more signatures, so specifically in this case we have a separation issue, because we are categorically against it, we see how difficult it is today for ukrainian farmers, not only those who work in the conditions of a stable, let's say, relatively stable ukraine, but also as a large number of farmers, soldiers who are at war, who left their businesses. which are fighting today, which every meter, piece of land is beaten out over the efforts, unfortunately, the lives of our people, at that time here in ukraine the distribution of the field of miracles is 10 00, please, and

they are moral. they say i don't understand then for what, what kind of future, i am fighting for, i do not understand what i am fighting for, to whom it will be realized this right, that is why such global topics, i think, they should be more communicative with representatives of the authorities, that is, their reaction should not be limited to some write-offs there under the signature of one of the deputy ministers, it is not the level of the deputy minister to respond to such a general problem that is being formed today by the industry, which is represented by a large sector, well, i understand that these crazy people have thousands of hectares in their hands the idea of ​​attracting as many as possible investors to our country, that would be good, but on the other hand, we must understand that land is not sold to foreigners, this is determined by a referendum, in our country, this ukrainian business should first be encouraged, so we understand that a ukrainian understands this land better, it will be better to work on it, i am generally afraid of such a situation when these

large massifs will be sold off now, it will not be a month or two, that is understandable, it will take a certain period of time, a year, two or three, but when we integrate into europe , then may ask the question if we are a part of europe, then we should allow europeans to buy land, and those who are now buying up such large tracts of land for pennies will simply resell it two or three times then, and these will be such surplus profits that we simply cannot even imagine as a state, well, it's very difficult to imagine them, because it's a huge amount of money, when a european business comes with financial... opportunities for such a land that they could only dream of, well , imagine what we're doing, thank you very much for this conversation , denis, and i want to emphasize that in the cycle of these interviews we will talk about how the ecology of our country is changing, due to a large-scale invasion, how the economy of our country is changing, due to a large-scale invasion, and it seems to me that in principle we can meet with you again, i will be glad. those conversations

with other experts, related industries, which are very important for our agrarian sector in general, when we will have a real understanding of the complex of these problems and challenges that we are facing and to which we are still responding very situationally, because i will emphasize again, we have no understanding of the finite result, what will our country look like, what will our land look like, how will it be, excuse me, what will it be made of... our soil will be laid banally and the water that will irrigate this soil in order for something to grow on it, because jokes are jokes, this is this story about fertilizers for the ukrainian land and the sanitary situation after the war - this is also a huge challenge, thank you, thank you, denis marchuk, deputy chairman of the all-ukrainian agrarian council, casually talked with me about the challenges for the ukrainian agricultural sector, about ours. ..

prospects for the future, let me remind you that all this is happening in the context of the interview cycle, to the second anniversary of the large-scale invasion of the russian federation into ukraine. see you very soon. thank you khrystyna for this interesting interview, please keep an eye out, there will be similar conversations on other important topics on our airwaves, from important and fresh things that have happened in the last hour, the occupiers are talking about the shelling of donetsk,

they say, as it were, in voroshlyvsk district. of this city, houses, cars were damaged, but there is no information about the victims, let's see, maybe the story is the same as in melitopol yesterday, but what's next, khrystyna parobii will tell more news, i'll say goodbye briefly, i'll be back at 2:10 p.m. ten on the clock, time to find out what is happening in ukraine and the world. at this time , khrystyna porubiy works in the studio. the russians began to advance in the direction of zaporozhye. the defense forces of ukraine managed to repulse the first large-scale attacks. this was reported by the operational command of the west. as a result of the battle, our

defenders destroyed about 70 occupiers and wounded another 80.