a broad topic since the very collapse of the soviet union, that one of these myths about ukrainian independence, it somehow happened by itself , just fell from the sky, no one fought for it, no one expected it, no one expected it, and in fact, if you look even at the documents of the kgb there from the stagnant 80s and 70s, then if you read communist newspapers, it looks like everything is stagnant, nothing is happening, on the other hand, if you look at the dock... moments of the kgb, then we see a completely different picture, we see a lot of such grassroots protest, which actually protests against the introduction from czechoslovakia and solidarizes with solidarity in poland, and generally talks about many important points, including the independence of ukraine. of course, it was not the mainstream that was visible, but it was constant, and actually this struggle, which continued anyway, was and... existed throughout

the entire period of the communist occupation, the bolshevik occupation of ukraine, it is such a in my opinion, now one of the key and important elements of this information war, because actually russia is trying to show that we are one people, nothing happened and in general no one in ukraine wanted to be independent, in fact this is not the case, and thousands, hundreds of thousands of cases that we have are of people who were actually repressed for the struggle for independence, vividly prove that this is not what miv was, but... a big lie. very, i emphasize again, it seems to me, such painstaking work and large-scale intrusion, i am sure, made its corrections in the mode of justifying all those data that you have access to access. how is it happening now, how is it different from what you've done before? well, actually, now, one of the big differences is that we didn't open our reading rooms. state archives, civil state archives have opened their reading rooms for visitors, of course.

time outside air alarms, we, unfortunately, cannot allow this with a high degree of risk, since we are in the premises of the security service, in the buildings of the security service, and the risk of inviting researchers to us is, of course , much greater than in civilian archives, at the same time, actually immediately after that, a month after the start of the full-scale invasion, precisely in april of the 22nd year, we fully resumed the functioning of the work that had been going on in... before that, and since there was covid before that, we have already learned to work in remote mode to a certain extent, it is a kind of, well, a bit sad moment when you do not have the opportunity to work live with researchers, communicate with them, talk about the scientific and research needs they have, but here it is worth saying , which is actually more than half of those before us applied, visited us, these were, after all , relatives of the repressed, those who wanted to find out information about their dead, and now... we actually work in such

an online mode, that is, the archive continues to work and as if it were constantly working, and we provide answers to appeals to us when looking for repressed relatives, we provide an opportunity to get to know and work with digital copies, and the same applies to actual research scientific projects when we work with colleagues there from poland, from the czech republic, from germany, from the united states, from others countries, and our geography is extremely wide from australia and japan, actually. to north america, we would cover the northern hemisphere , and not only the northern and southern hemispheres, but in fact, in addition to the fact that we resumed our work and began to continue to respond to those appeals that come to us even now , we also resumed scientific projects that were ongoing, were and were started even before the full-scale invasion, because we believed that now is an extremely important moment for ukraine to explain our past, to explain. our history, since it

helps foreigners to understand the price of our struggle, why we fight for our independence, why it is so important for us, the answer is obvious and clear to us, because, unfortunately, we have the experience of what happened to our ancestors when ukraine was losing this independence, and we are actually working on such projects, the projects that we restored, they usually related to such common... moments of history, where it was possible to better explain who we are, why we are fighting for independence and what in fact there is russia and all its people predecessors a very important point that you emphasize, it is the demand that gives birth and intensifies this research process, so i don't know if i can now ask, in particular, everyone who listens and watches us, to be interested, to be interested in the history of their own families. because very

often time, let's say, layers many different events, many different true, false, layers, it seems to me that digging to the truth in order to realize how much, to what extent each of the ukrainian families, in general, to one degree or another suffered from er, soviet communist occupation, this is extremely important, you did not come to our studio empty-handed today, we will now talk about a large study about ukraine, actually the second half of the 1930s, and now we will talk about the persecution of honor itself. minorities for many of our viewers and listeners may be a surprise, well , were czechs also persecuted in ukraine, well, that is, there was at least someone who was not touched here, tell me in a little more detail, i am afraid that there are such, i am afraid that there are such, in fact, who it was not touched, but actually, this year we got it

a book that, work on which started a long time ago, but really a full-scale invasion intensified the work on this book so much, it was such a quite ... to a certain extent a difficult project, because even though it started at a time when between the czech institute of research totalitarian regimes, it is in fact the czech analogue of the institute of national remembrance, and the security service signed a cooperation agreement in 2009, and it actually related to the search for the fate of repressed czechs and slovaks in the territory of soviet ukraine, in fact, what is preserved in our archives, and after that in yanukovych's vision... politically changed in ukraine, then the situation changed in the czech republic, but the actual full-scale invasion , paradoxically, accelerated these processes, both for us and it became clear to my czech colleagues that we have to get together as much as possible and publish

the book . we collect at myself in the archives, in fact, in fact, this book, like all our other books, is to some extent such an invitation to research, it is rather such an emphasis on the fact that actually, and when we talk about the repressions of the great terror of 37-38, if it was not obvious, but the czech minority was also the focus of this terror, and it is important to actually talk about those moments that were not obvious, unknown before, not only to researchers, but to society in general and the actual repression against the czech minority. this is exactly the topic because really, who would have thought that the czechs were also recognized by the soviet regime as an enemy people, as an enemy nation, and actually our book clearly shows this, i.e. these are 100 documents selected from the 1930s to 1991,

the last documents, these are actually documents about rehabilitation, this is, as it were, the final moment when the repressed were on the one hand rehabilitated. and on the other hand, these documents about rehabilitation, they clearly testify to the falsification of all these accusations that were made during the great terror. and you have already visited the czech republic with this book, presented it, which there was a reaction, actually yes, first the presentation was in kyiv and next week we made a presentation in prague. there was a very, very good response to the actual presentation in prague, there were representatives and descendants, or rather ukrainian czechs. those czechs who later returned from ukraine to czechoslovakia, to the czech republic, and for them this book is also important because it is actually a book about their relatives, about their ancestors, very often about those they did not know about no information, but what happened to them in

the soviet union? well, you explore the past as a historian, i have a little touch with modernity, and judging by the latest czech initiatives, in particular... by the czech government and the president, we can say that the discussions between our countries are at the highest level and even so historical, extremely, extremely important, i would say , fundamentally, and what about such a repressive mechanism as deportation? we see that little has changed in the russian federation, in russian minds, and they continue to do this, do this with ukrainians in the temporarily occupied territories, do... this with ukrainian children, and this is a particularly sensitive topic, and why deportations, that is, what is the idea of ​​resettling, mixing, making a person be separated from the territory,

a native of which he is. well, when we talk about deportations, deportations for russia are actually another additional tool in w... waging war, that is, when we look at the history of russia and the russian empire using deportations, it was actually always as an element military actions, instrument. war, it was first used against ukrainian carts, against the poles after the polish uprisings, when in this way they tried to completely destroy any possibility of resistance in the future, and it was as if this element of establishing complete control over the occupied, conquered territories, during the soviet soviet occupation of the soviet union, this tool itself acquired an extremely wide za... suvannya was extremely well worked out with a huge number of instructions, these are the documents that we also

keep, and in fact, when we talk even about ukrainians, and about czechs, and about poles, and about the germans, even about the same jews, crimean tatars, greeks, bulgarians, that is, the list of those who were deported can be continued extremely widely, and in fact, it was also used against them all, in this way they actually tried to either prepare for war, or during the war, to clear the territory from those whom they considered unfriendly to the people. not by friendly nations, but there were extremely many of them, and today russia continues to use deportations as this very tool of war, of course, they try it, unfortunately, well, in vain to improve, that is, they take the experience that was already developed by the kremlin and its predecessors earlier, and apply it in a new way, today, in fact, when the struggle is for the very existence of ukraine, ukrainians, and the war is going on. for the ukrainian identity, that is, one of these goals , in addition to these military goals,

the military goals also became the goal of destroying the identity, but how, as soon as we will, no matter how much we look at these deportations, that is, it is an instrument of war, and actually we are now preparing just one of our next books, i hope it will come out this year with colleagues from poland, which actually concerns the deportation from western ukraine in 1940-41, and actually such... projects are extremely important for us, because they give us the opportunity to talk with our neighbors and partners on that historic experience, which, unfortunately , is familiar both to them and to us, and we hope , in fact, that these books are not only academic publications for researchers, but also a reminder for experts, for politicians, for society, what can expect from russia, and that today ukraine is restraining at the cost of its own sacrifices, at the cost of its own... wars, that in fact we are not giving russia the opportunity to launch the next offensive, and the same czech republic or poland,

unfortunately, as soon as ukraine, god forbid, will fall, they will be next , i hope that this will never happen, and it is very nice that if the czechs and czech politicians understand this, and actually this is such a good example, when the czechs, having a very similar experience with us, understand why it is worth supporting. we understand that different countries are different see the level of the historical discussion, in some countries the politicians themselves use the historical discussion for their own purposes and in order to generally form some vector of foreign policy, very often this applied, at least earlier to poland, as now, is there progress in your opinion, at least with ... what the politicians say, well, the progress is not obvious, that is, of course, the situation is very

different here, when we talk about politicians and when we talk about actual scientific cooperation, that is, in scientific cooperation, in principle, everything is adequate for us, that is, yes, we have arguments of course, that is, we have different assessments of different events, but at the same time, if there are certain methods that unite us, which in principle are the same and identical for scientists from any country, and when... we if we are actually talking about the cooperation of our archival institution with polish archives, then this cooperation has actually been going on since 1996, that is, in fact, two years after the creation of the archive, this cooperation began , a joint working commission was created, which continues to work this year, actually a book about deportations - this will be the 11th volume of a joint series, that is, in principle, when we talk about such a discussion between specialists, professionals in their field, archivists, historians, this discussion is not only possible, it is actually necessary, and this is what should be built on all our discussions

about complex historical events of the past, in that time, as soon as it starts to come into the political plane, well, here, unfortunately, there is some abuse of assessments and interpretations, regarding deportations and a few words about the native name crimea, the deportation of the crimean tatar people understands. so when we follow the process of deportation itself, it is the forties, we follow exactly how they built their own. and connections, not only legal, but actual mainland ukraine and crimea, and when we trace what the relations between crimea and the russian federation were in general in the 20th century, do we have all the necessary array of documents and data, in particular archival

for that , in order to assess the scale of this disaster, or after all, when we talk about the deportation of the crimean...tatars, we have to look for it, and it would be good if it were somewhere in the russian federation, including the kgb. unfortunately, yes, that is, if we are actually talking about the assessment of scales and general trends, then we rather possess this material, but if we are already talking about such detailed, more in-depth studies, then unfortunately yes, when we are actually in a situation with deportations, access to russian archives is needed here, and the situation in russia and ukraine is now radically opposite, and this... another such vivid example of how much we are definitely not one people, today in ukraine there is an unprecedented opportunity to work with archives, even despite the state of martial law, the archives are open, they are working , they are constantly increasing, digitizing, posting these documents on their electronic

archives, where they exist, where they do not exist, you can apply and get these documents online, that is, in in principle, today ukraine has... a unique chance precisely thanks to its openness, thanks to a new approach to working with archival documents, to contribute to this decolonization, knowledge about the past not only of us as ukraine, not only of crimea, but in general, of the russian empire, that colonial situation that was created and all those myths that exist, including around crimea, yes, that is, because in fact crimea is such, unfortunately, a good example of such... settler colonization, when in fact the native population was pushed out and replaced by russians and those who were loyal to the empire, and it is precisely these moments that are important to talk about in order to explain that crimea was never russia, but i am always concerned about the moment when we talk

about serious historical documents, you know when putin sits down about the next rurik. i'm sorry to tell you, i always think, well , ukrainian scientists have already refuted his thesis 300 times, these are well-worn and he can't learn any new ones, but nevertheless i understand that their goal, in addition to our population, our territories, is us as a state our historical memory, how much have we lost due to the occupation of a large part of ukraine in the context of our archives? unfortunately, yes , we... currently have losses, some of them irreversible, some, i hope not, that is, we have lost those what if the archives that are in the temporarily occupied territories, but i still hope that we, that we will be able to return these archival documents and these archival funds after the liberation of both the territories and our fellow citizens, and it will be possible to work with them, and in fact, when he says, when

a discussion about the reparations process is already underway today, and it is important to speak here as well. and about, including about archives, maybe, that is , where archival collections and loss funds are irretrievably lost, it is possible to talk about the fact that these archives should be replaced by those archival funds, which are stored in the former imperial center, which i hope will soon perish forever, and in fact, in this way , general information is still stored there, since the first copies of documents were collected there from the periphery. or general reports in general, that is, there is information there, and these archives, archival funds can be returned to ukraine, actually, as part of the reparations process. it is also worth talking about hundreds, at least several hundreds of funds that were exported from the territory of ukraine, starting there from the 18th-19th century, including in the 20th century, and these are also the funds that should be returned to ukraine in general from

russia. in addition, it is also important to talk about what when we talk about the need for decolonization. scientific knowledge and those discussions that are going on among historians, then access and the opportunity to work in all former enslaved nations with the archives of the former imperial center is extremely important in order for us to be able to debunk all those myths that were created by the russian empire or its reincarnations and common maximum in the world, and today, when you go, let's say in the united states, to the library of congress and take a book about russia, you will read there about ukraine, about georgia, about belarus, about... about kazakhstan at a time when none of us is not russia and never was, moreover, if we look at modern russia, which has this fake prefix, a federation, it is not a federation, and there are a huge number of peoples who are enslaved and... and whose histories in general not told, yes, that is, and access to these archives should be open, and the guarantor of that access might be us, maybe someone else from

the charred nations, but i think we're definitely, i understand that the documents that can be touched are artifacts, but nevertheless the level of digitization before a large-scale invasion, it allowed... us to save, partially yes, unfortunately, no, unfortunately, of course, not in such a volume as we would like, at the same time, the full-scale invasion itself significantly accelerated the digitization processes. mr. andriy, i thank you very much for this work, i urge you to join the work of the sectoral state archive of the security service of ukraine, to be interested, to make inquiries, they answer everything, said mr. andriy, in our studio, not now, not immediately, but yes, yes, that's why. that's why i want all of us to dive deeper into our own history, it was an espresso interview, my name is khrystyna yatskiv, we will definitely renew our conversations

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stronger together, friends, my congratulations, i think you have already seen these simply abnormal. queues for the performance of the konotop witch, or rather people for tickets stood, we will definitely talk about this, and why did this performance simply cause such a riot, a stir, i don't remember that there was such a thing, i remember that it was always difficult to get tickets for, for example, a cheap family , the play is also taking place at the franko theater, but for this to happen, it is already something new, we will definitely talk about it, but to begin

with... other news from the field of ukrainian culture, there are also scandals, usually there is something good. here's something good, and let's start: on april 4, anton's first full-length documentary film will be released ptushkina, which is called we are our pets and war. i think that if you use youtube and are at least somehow interested in travel blogs, you know who anton ptushkin is, and one of the... famous, most famous, probably, ukrainian travel bloggers with millions of views on youtube, and here he is filming a documentary film, i want to say that the documentary film was originally a full-length war, a full-scale war, it became very popular on television, it’s just that documentaries receive some colossal ratings, which was not the case before

a large-scale war, before its beginning and... many people resorted to the fact that they started filming various documentaries, some do worse, some do better, but i think anton ptushkin did very well, he chose the topic of animals , and in his film he talks about how ukrainians during the great war save animals, completely different, well, mostly they are dogs, such an emphasis on them, there is also talk about different shelters, by the way, it is not only about them. about the good that is very good, this movie is not like that is not cheesy and propagandistic, but it tells about some shelters where the managers approached their responsibilities responsibly, and other shelters, unfortunately, did not, for example, as in the bearded one, you remember there was a terrible scandal, with the that almost all the dogs there died because they were not released from their cages before evacuating from this shelter, well, there is also a story

about a closet cat. from the wart, remember, this cat, who was 13 years old, and she survived more than a month, she spent the occupation in the wart, in the house where she hit air bomb, the owners could not enter their apartment, it is the seventh or eighth floor, and they were generally sure that their cat had died, unfortunately, because they were in another city at the time of the impact, with their relatives, and then they were surprised to see that the whole country was watching it. how by chance they saw this closet cat on the eighth floor, they rescued her, they looked for a ladder there to climb, and thank god, she is alive, and to this day they do not understand, veterinarians say, we do not understand how a 13-year-old cat survived in such conditions, there was no special water there, this is of course a great miracle, and i was also struck by the story when the workers of the kyiv zoo told about how many... animals

they brought to them, they said that there were more than 400 animals, and they brought for zoos, in particular , there are many exotic animals, these are some snakes , these are monkeys, these are various reptiles, and someone , on the contrary, wanted to take some animal from the zoo, for example, they even asked for a crocodile, as they said, okay, give us a crocodile, he will live with us in the bath, but zoo workers refused, i want to say about this tape, we can show it again, by the way. i can say that it is very different from a lot of films, other documentaries about the war, especially those people who have not been there before as directors, documentaries, and because in this film, first of all, there is a lot of humor, and it balances very well all these tragedies that we can see, because many viewers, now i know, are afraid to go to war movies, as in...