we give everyone the opportunity to work with these documents and not only to work , to research, but i think we will talk about it again, for sure, and you know, the question that always bothered me, and it is often asked by people, is the collapse of the soviet union, it seems, came from nenatsk, even representatives of the soviet special services, and as i understand it, this is precisely the reason that they simply did not have time to destroy or take away with them a huge number of documents, well... we understand that representatives of the kgb very often later than independent ukraine were already representatives ukrainian special forces. well, yes and no, that is, indeed, the collapse of the soviet union was unexpected for the kgb employees, but at the same time, when we are actually talking about those archives that were accumulated and kept in ukraine, they were not planned to be exported, due to the situation in ukraine was radically different than in the baltic countries, lithuania, latvia, estonia, actually.

1990-1991 was a time of discussions about the renewal of the soviet union, how it would look in the future, and at that time no one had any doubts that the baltic states will restore their independence, and with regard to ukraine , there were no such doubts, everyone in moscow was convinced that ukraine would continue to be a colony, a polite colony of the kremlin, and the fact that ukraine managed to restore its independence was truly a surprise, and thanks to this, those who came as a surprise, thanks to this, these archives in ukraine... were preserved and today we can actually work with almost the entire volume of the documentation that was created by the communist special services on the territory of ukraine. kgb archives have already been widely publicized with the start of decommunization in our country. indeed, one of the four decommunization laws directly related to open access to the archives of repressive bodies. the archives of the kgb are exactly what they are. that is, here this concept is broader. but all the same, this basis

of zeal is the archives of the kgb. and please tell me which of the most common historical lies of russia and the soviet union have already been scientifically and factually disproved as of now, by gaining access to the kgb archives and making them public. oh, it's actually so very, it's extremely wide a topic from the very moment of the collapse of the soviet union about the fact that... one of such myths about the fact that ukrainian independence, they say , somehow happened by itself, just fell from the sky, no one fought for it, no one fought for it, no one expected, and in fact, if you look even at the documents of the kgb there from the stagnant 80s and 70s, then if you read communist newspapers, it looks like everything is stagnant, nothing is happening, on the other hand, if you look at the documents of the kgb, then we see a completely different picture, we see a lot of such... grassroots protest which

actually protests against the introduction from czechoslovakia, and joins solidarity with poland, and in general talks about many important points, including the independence of ukraine. of course, it was not the mainstream that was visible, but it was constant, and actually this struggle, which continued anyway, was and existed throughout the entire communist period. the occupation of the bolshevik occupation of ukraine, this, in my opinion, is now one of the key and important elements of this information war, because actually, russia is trying to show that we are one people, nothing happened and no one in ukraine wanted to be independent in general, in fact this is not the case, and thousands, hundreds of thousands of cases that we have of people who were actually repressed for the struggle for independence, clearly prove that this is not a myth, but a big lie, er, very much emphasizes it again... i think that such painstaking

work and a large-scale invasion, i am sure, made its corrections in the mode of justification, all those data you have access to. as it happens now, as it is different from what you've done before? well, actually, now, one of the big differences is that we didn't open our reading rooms. state archives, civil state archives opened their reading rooms to visitors, of course, during the time outside air alarms. we, unfortunately, cannot allow this with... a high degree of risk, because we are in the premises of the security service, in the buildings of the security service, and the risk of inviting researchers to us is, of course , much greater than in civilian archives. at the same time, in fact, immediately after that , a month later, after the start of a full-scale invasion, precisely in april of the 22nd year, we fully restored the functioning of the work that had been going on in the archive before that, and since there was a covid before that, we already have learned to work to a certain extent. in

remote mode, it's kind of a sad moment when you don't have the opportunity to work live with researchers, communicate with them, talk about the scientific needs they have. research, but here it is worth saying that actually more than half of those who contacted us, visited us, these were still relatives of the repressed, even those who wanted to find out information about their dead, and now we actually work in such an online mode, that is, the archive continues to work and as if it were constantly working, and we we provide answers to appeals to us when they are looking for repressed relatives, we provide an opportunity to get to know and work with digital copies, and the same applies to: actual research scientific projects, when we work with colleagues there from poland, from the czech republic, from germany, from the united states, from other countries, and our geography is extremely wide from australia and japan, actually to north america, we would cover so, the northern

globe, and not only the northern, the southern as well, and actually, in addition to the fact that we resumed our work and began to continue to respond to those appeals that are coming to us even now, we have so... also resumed scientific projects that were ongoing, and were started even before the full-scale invasion, because we felt that now there is an extremely important the moment for ukraine to explain our past, explain our history, because it helps foreigners to understand the price of our struggle, why we fight for our independence, why it is so important for us, and the answer for us is obvious and clear, because unfortunately, we have the experience that... what happened to our ancestors when ukraine was losing its independence, and we actually work on such projects, which we restored, they usually related to such shared moments of history, on which it could have been better to explain who we are, why we are fighting for

independence and what russia and all its predecessors really are. a very important point that you emphasize, it is the demand that gives birth and... intensifies this research process, therefore, i don't know if i can ask now, in particular everyone who listens and watches us, to be interested, to be interested in the history of their own families , because very often time, let's say, layers many different events, many different true and false layers, it seems to me that digging into the truth in order to realize how much... and how much each of ukrainian families in general were to one degree or another affected by the soviet communist occupation, this is extremely important, you did not come to our studio empty-handed today, we will now talk about a large study about

ukraine, in fact, in the second half of the 1930s, and now we will talk about the persecution of the czech minority may be surprising for many of our viewers and listeners. well, were czechs also persecuted in ukraine, well, that is, there was at least someone who was not touched here, tell me in a little more detail, i am afraid that there are such people, i i'm afraid that there were no such people who were not touched, but actually, this year we published a book that, work on which began a long time ago, but really a full-scale invasion intensified the work on this book so much, it was so quite to a certain extent a complex project, because despite the fact that it began at the moment... when a cooperation agreement was signed between the czech institute for the study of totalitarian regimes, which is actually the czech analogue of the institute of national remembrance, and the security service in 2009, and it is precisely concerned the search for the fate of repressed czechs and slovaks in the territory of soviet ukraine,

actually what is preserved in our archives, and after that, with the election of yanukovych , the situation changed politically in ukraine, then the situation changed in the czech republic. but the full-scale invasion itself , paradoxically enough, it accelerated these processes, and it became clear to both us and our czech colleagues that we should get together as much as possible and publish the book. they come out like that, but this is precisely because we want to show as much as possible the representation of archival documents that we collect in our archives, in fact, in fact, this book, like all our other books, is to some extent... such an invitation to research, it is rather such an emphasis on the fact that, actually, and when we talk about the repression of the great terror of 37-38, if it was not obvious, but the czech minority was also the focus of this terror, and it is important to actually

talk about those moments that were not obvious, previously unknown, not only to researchers, but society in general, and actually the repression against the czech minority is exactly such a topic, because really, who would have thought that the czechs and... were also recognized by the soviet regime as an enemy people, as an enemy nation, and our book clearly shows this, that is, these 100 documents were selected in... from the 1930s to the 1991s, the last documents are actually documents about rehabilitation, it is, as it were, the final moment of the time when the repressed were on the one hand rehabilitated, and on the other hand these documents are about rehabilitation, they testify vividly about the falsification of all these accusations that were during the great terror. and you have already visited the czech republic with this book, presented it, what was the reaction, actually, first the presentation... was in kyiv and the next week we made a presentation in prague, there was a very, very good response to the actual

presentation in prague. there were representatives and descendants, or rather ukrainian czechs, those czechs who later returned from ukraine to czechoslovakia, to the czech republic, and for them this book is also important because it is actually a book about their relatives, about their ancestors, very often about those about whom they did not have any, but what happened to them in the soviet union? well, you study the past , as a historian, i have a little touch with the present, and judging by the latest czech initiatives, in particular the czech government and the president, we can say that the discussions between our countries are at the highest level and even so historical, extremely, extremely important, i would say fundamentally, as regards such a... mechanism as deportation. we see that little has changed in the russian federation, in russian minds, and

they continue to do so. they do it with ukrainians in the temporarily occupied territories, they do it with ukrainian children, and this is a particularly sensitive topic. why deportations? that is, what is the idea of ​​relocating, mixing, making a person... detached from the territory, a native of which he is? well, when we talk about deportations, deportations for russia are actually another additional tool of warfare, that is, when we look at the history of russia and the russian empire using deportations, in fact, it was always as an element of military actions, an instrument of war, at first it was also used against ukrainian wagons, against... poles after the polish uprisings, when in this way they tried to completely destroy

any possibility of resistance in the future, and it was as if this element, the establishment of full control over the occupied conquered territories, during the soviet, soviet occupation, the soviet union, in fact, this tool was extremely widely used, it was extremely well worked out with a huge amount these instructions , these are the documents that we also keep, and in fact, when we talk even about ukrainians, and about czechs, and about poles, and about germans, even about the same jews, crimean tatars, greeks, bulgarians, i.e. the list of those who were deported can be continued extremely widely, and in fact it was also used against all of them, thus actually trying to either prepare for war or during the war to clear the territory of those who they considered unfriendly peoples, unfriendly nations, and there were extremely many of them, and today russia... continues to use deportations as this very tool of war, of course they are trying

to improve it, unfortunately, well, in pieces, that is, they take the experience that has already been developed by the kremlin and predecessors earlier and apply it in a new way, today in fact, when the struggle is for the very existence of ukrainians, ukrainians, and the war is for ukrainian identity, that is, one of such goals, in addition to actually... these military goals, military goals has also become the goal of destruction identity, but how, as soon as we are, no matter how much we look at these deportations , that is, it is a tool of war, and actually we are currently preparing one of our next books, i hope it will be published this year with colleagues from poland, who actually relate to the deportation from western ukraine in 1940-41, and actually such projects are extremely important for us, as they give us the opportunity to talk with our neighbors. and partners on that historical experience, which, unfortunately, is familiar

both to them and to us, and we hope in fact, that these books are not only academic publications for researchers, but they are also a reminder for experts, for politicians, for society, what can be expected from russia, and that today ukraine is holding back at the cost of its own sacrifices, at the cost of its own war, that in fact we are not we give russia the opportunity to start if... the offensive , and the same czech republic or poland, unfortunately, as soon as ukraine, god forbid, will fall, they will be next, i hope that this will never happen, and it is very nice that if the czechs and czech politicians understand this. can, and in fact, this is a very good example, when the czechs, having very, as it were, the same experience as us, understand why it is worth supporting ukraine today, well, we understand that in different countries they see the level of historical discussion differently, in some countries the historical discussion

is used in politicians and... in order to generally form some vector of foreign policy, this very often applied, at least earlier to poland, as now, is there progress in your opinion, at least from what the politicians say, well, progress not obvious, that is, the situation here is of course very different when we talk about politicians and when we talk about actual scientific cooperation, in scientific cooperation we have, in principle, everything is adequate, that is, we have disputes as usual, that is. different assessments for different events, but at the same time, if there are certain methods that unite us, which in principle are the same and identical for scientists from any country, and when we actually talk about the cooperation of our archival institution with polish archives, this cooperation has actually been going on since 1996, that is, actually through two years after the creation of the archive, this cooperation

began, a joint working commission was created, which continues to work this year in... actually a book about deportations, it will be the 11th volume of a joint series, that is, in principle, when we talk about such a discussion between specialists, professionals in their field , archivists, historians, this discussion is not only possible, it is actually necessary, and this is what should be built on all our discussions about complex historical events of the past, at a time when it is just starting to enter the political plane , well, unfortunately, there is... abuse of assessments and interpretations, regarding the deportations and a few words about the native crimea, the deportation of the crimean tatar people, we understand that when we follow the deportation process itself, it is the 40s, we follow how exactly

they built their ties, not only legal ones, but... actual mainland ukraine and crimea, and when we trace what the relations between crimea and the russian federation were in general in the 20th century, do we have all the necessary array of documents and data, in particular archival in order to assess the scale of this catastrophe, when we talk about the deportation of the crimean tatars, we have to search, and we should do so in a good way. somewhere in the russian federation, including the kgb? unfortunately, yes, that is, if we are actually talking about the assessment of scales and general trends, then we rather have this material, but if we are already talking about such detailed, more in-depth studies, then unfortunately yes, when we are actually in a situation with deportations, access to russian archives is needed here, and the situation in russia and ukraine is now critical

the opposite, and this is another vivid example of how much if we... are definitely not one people, today in ukraine there is an unprecedented opportunity to work with archives, even despite the conditions of martial law, the archives are open, they are working, they are constantly increasing, they are digitizing , documents are posted on their electronic archives, where they exist, where they do not exist, you can apply and get these documents online, that is, in principle, today ukraine has a unique chance, precisely thanks to its openness, thanks to a new approach to... work with archival documents, contribute to this decolonization of knowledge about the past not only of ukraine, not only of crimea, but in general of the russian empire, the colonial situation that was created and all those myths that exist in including around crimea, yes, that is, because in fact crimea is such, unfortunately, a good example of such settler

colonization, when in fact the indigenous population is. was pushed out and replaced by russians and those who were loyal to the empire, and it is precisely these moments that are important speak in order to explain that crimea was never russia, but i am always worried about the moment when we talk about serious historical documents, you know, when putin sits down about the next rurik, sorry to tell you, i always think, well, ukrainian scientists. they have already refuted him 300 times, these theses are well-worn and he cannot learn any new ones, but nevertheless i understand that their goal, in addition to our... the population of our territories, us as a state is also our historical memory, or we lost a lot due to the occupation of a large part of ukraine in the context of ours

archive? unfortunately, we currently have losses, some of them are irreversible, some of them i hope not, that is, we lost those archives that are located in the temporarily occupied territories, but i still hope that we, that we will be able to return these archives documents and these archival funds in... after the liberation of the territories and our fellow citizens, and it will be possible to work with them, and in fact, when he speaks, when the discussion about the reparations process is already ongoing today, and here it is also important to talk about, in that including about archives, maybe, that is, where archival collections and funds have been irretrievably lost, it is possible to say that these archives should be replaced by those archival funds that are stored in the former imperial center. which i hope will soon perish forever, and in fact, in this way , generalized information is still stored there, since either the first

documents were collected there from the periphery, or general reports in general, that is , there is information there, and these archives, archival funds can be returned to ukraine actually as part of the reparations process. it is also worth talking about hundreds, at least several hundreds of funds, which were taken out of the territory of ukraine since or else there from the 18th-19th century, including in the 20th century, and these are also the funds that should be returned to ukraine, generally from russia. in addition, it is also important to say that when we talk about the need for decolonization of scientific knowledge and those discussions that take place among historians, the access and opportunity to work in all former enslaved nations with the archives of the former imperial center is extremely important so that we can debunk all those myths that were created in russia. which empire or its reincarnations and spread as much as possible in the world, and today, when you go, say , to the library of congress in the united states and take a book about russia, you will read there about ukraine

, about georgia, about belarus, about kazakhstan, in while none of us is russia and never was, moreover, if we look at modern russia, which has this fake prefix federation, it is not a federation, and there is a huge number of peoples who are enslaved and whose stories have not been told at all, yes, that is, access to... these archives must be open and the guarantee of this access can be definitely us, maybe someone else from the charred peoples, but i think that we are definitely . i understand that documents that can be touched are artifacts, but nevertheless the level of digitization before the large-scale invasion, it allowed us to preserve, in part yes, unfortunately, unfortunately, the custom. not in such a volume, as it would be desired, at the same time, it is actually full-scale the invasion significantly accelerated digitization processes. mr. andriy, i thank you very much for this work, i urge you to join the work

of the branch state archive of the security service of ukraine, to be interested, to make inquiries, they answer everything - said mr. andriy in our studio, not immediately, but yes. yes , that's why i want all of us to delve deeper into our own history, this... was an espresso interview, my name is khrystyna yatskiv, we will definitely renew our conversations with the best and most expert guests on the most current topics. be with us. tired of heavy and bulky saws? then pilka strong from unpack tv. just for you, you can easily cut trees and bushes with it, it is so convenient to use it for carpentry work, it is an ideal tool for your home or garden, and the price is only from

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stronger together! we summarize the informative morning in ukraine in the ethereum of press news. khrystyna parubiy works in the studio. odesa has light again after the night. attack, 170,000 homes were left without power, dtek reported. the situation was stabilized thanks to solar and wind power plants. at the same time , energy experts note that the state of affairs in the energy system remains difficult. electric transport was stopped in odesa. the regional military administration said that instead they increased the number of buses. enemy shaheds at night they attacked the energy infrastructure of the region.