you will be interested in the latest news release, anna yevamelnyk is already ready to tell you what happened there in ukraine and the world, and it is already appearing on your screens. greetings to all viewers of espresso, it's time to learn about the main events of this hour, and i'll start with this: the number of victims in kharkiv has increased to five, the office of the prosecutor general reported. the occupiers hit the city center and the residential sector with airplanes. one of the shells hit a private house, and also flew into the central park, where many people were. three injured...

high-rise buildings, educational institutions, a cafe, a dormitory, a hotel, according to information from the state emergency service , there were several fires, cars and garages were on fire, the fire was extinguished, emergency services are working on the spot, one explosion, then another, and i was blown away by glass, blown away by a shock wave and injured by glass , then it was a horror, for the second time in a day the occupiers shelled the walking field. a couple was injured in zaporizhzhia, the head of the region ivan fedorov said, a man and a woman were injured in the yard of their own house. fedorov once again called on the people evacuate to safer places. another war crime. russians shot ukrainian prisoners of war in the krynkiv district of the kherson region. the corresponding video was posted by public activist serhii sternenko. the ukrainian military leadership has not yet commented on this hostile crime, the occupier noted. this is not the first time that prisoners have been killed,

and law enforcement agencies investigate each case. it's normal to be angry at russians, and our anger can and should be turned into donations. espresso's volunteer kitchen continues to work for victory. already for the second year in a row, we are making our own vitamin mixtures for the armed forces. currently, the initiative is gaining momentum and in parcels to the front, in addition to vitamins, there are also others that we need. to the defenders sweets, dried fruits, nuts, jerky, pastila, dry soups and borschts, lard and canned meat, everything that will feed our people at zero, we have a lot of requests, so we need your help, dear viewers, the account is already 34, uah, you need 50 00, join and support our soldiers with a donation, you can see all the details on the screen, promised to fight back against putin's far-right friends, ursol. fonden began her

election campaign in athens, according to the head of the european commission, new challenges from russia should be expected at the vote in june. the authorities of the aggressor country will try to manipulate europeans through social networks, migrants and putin's cronies living in europe. so, the european commission has already asked the big online platforms to help with digital security in social networks. tens of thousands of people again came to a rally against orban in budapest against the current prime minister viktor orban. reuters news agency reports. the action was led by opposition leader peter madyar. protesters marched to the parliament with hungarian flags chanting. we are not afraid of orban's resignation. let me remind you that mass protests in the country began after the magyar publicized an audio recording in which the ex-minister of justice in... accused orbán

of corruption, the case is already being handled by law enforcement agencies. the typhoon plan was introduced in the russian city of orsk, which is flooding due to a breach of the dam, evacuation is ongoing, local rescuers have already taken out 1,164 russians, including more than 300 children. the situation in the region is rapidly deteriorating, local media report. four people were killed and 99 injured, the number of... flooded houses in orsk itself is 45, in the region more than 600, the water in the ural river rose by 35 cm in a day. without the drone attack in russia , the orzk oil refinery and oil refinery stopped its work. this is the second enterprise that stopped because of the flood. according to the owners of the plant, the reason is the prejudice against environmental risks, as well as compliance with safety techniques.

and don't talk about the project own names with myroslava barchuk. greetings, good evening, i'm myroslav obarchuk, this is a self-titled program, a joint project of the espresso tv channel and the ukrainian penklub. today we will talk about oleksandr dovzhenko. oleksandr dovzhenko, well, for me, at least, this is perhaps the most significant. and , at the same time, the most controversial figure of ukrainian soviet culture, on the one hand, he is a volunteer in the unr army in petlyurivets, and on the other hand, he is a man who glorifies the january uprising at the arsenal plant.

on the one hand, he is a ukrainian, and this can be seen in his films, on the other hand, he is a person who admires and, perhaps, even befriends joseph stalin, at least in... he considers stalin his savior, this is about these paradoxes, about this disconnect eternal dovzhenka, today we will talk with my guest olena honcharuk, head of the dovzhenka center. greetings olena, thank you for coming to talk. thank you, you know, i think the topic is very, very important, because i don't think we've developed the language of any such narrative. honestly so about dovzhenka, pen and i recently went to dovzhenka's homeland in the village of sosnytsia in chernihiv region, we were in his house and the museum workers told us a short story of his life, and this is what i notice, and the story is this, in short:

dovzhenko was born, there was such a family, 14 children, two children survived, then he studies. then he, er, he works, then he becomes a volunteer in the petliuriv army, and suddenly once, and already in warsaw, he is campaigning for emigrants to return to soviet ukraine, in warsaw and berlin, what happened, we we understand what happened, that's how we understand the arrest, we understand what saved him there. blue, so that he had some problems with the soviets and the bolsheviks, but what happened inside dovzhenko, that he suddenly, in these few years, suddenly changed himself, renounced himself, or what happened to him,

well, it was his time youth, and dovzhenko was actively searching, and he is a person who is very open to... everything that happens around him, he got to europe, another world opened up to him, where he mastered it, he studied art there, yes, he studied draw, in general, divzhenko was extremely talented in various arts, and he wrote, he drew, although it is not so, very popular, but it was just one of the first steps in cinema, uh, it was just movie posters very witty and so very funny, dovzhenko later became a director, that is, i think that europe fascinated him very much, and he had this contrast of rural life, which you mentioned so, so earlier, and the hardships of people in

villages, provinces, he was extremely sensitive to this, if in the family for... there are two children left out of 14, it is obvious that it was very unpleasant for them, but dovzhenko had a very natural attraction to beauty, he was extremely sensitive to it, and somewhere it is possible that it was brought up by the nature in which he grew up, and i think that europe strengthened it, that is, you are now, you are now talking about what the soviet government gave him, as if brought him into this european world, gave him power. to get this education, and he sincerely, being a petlyurite at first, yes, but he sincerely believed in the soviet government and began to work for the soviet government, that's right, well, i wouldn't say that he given by the soviet government, after all, he himself took advantage of these opportunities, and these were his

natural abilities, but the soviet government is actually an amazing construct, i think that all this is important to us, even now. er, well, to deconstruct and understand this architecture, which made it possible to introduce a very large number of thinking people to oman. people, because my opinion is that artists sincerely believed in the ideas that the soviet government proposed, it was a sincere faith in industrialization, in industrial progress, in the victory of machines, and the avant-garde was very technological and futuristic, and therefore artists it's true, it's like some kind of delusion that really captivates and and... and that's why dovzhanek really was one of those who believed in reality and

constructed. yeah, that is, but for that he had to give up his identity, because on the one hand it was like, i understand about progressiveness, yes, what you 're talking about and about some kind of perspective that this ideology opened up for people, but on the other hand, it was clearly, in terms of identity, yes, it was hostile to his identity, i 'll quote you now. diaries that are very famous words, this is a dialogue with my father, he says, he asks who we are, dad, we are not russian, no, not russian, who are we, who are we, my son, kakhlymi, those who process bread, and dovzhenko writes, we were the only people in europe who did not know who he is, that is, dovzhenko understands very clearly, yes, about identity and about the hostility of this world, his identity, in what year is he? this is a memory of, i understand that it is at the glukhiv gymnasium or school, this is an old memory, yes, but, but

equally, the diary was already written later, that is, well, that is, that davzhenko is ukrainian, we we see all the time, yes, he, even in the worst times, he is himself, he tries to put these ukrainian narratives somewhere, yes, that is, it seems to me that when he says that... i entered the revolution from the wrong door, yes it's not through that door, so what is it, was it sincere, or was it just a lifeline? well, from the quote you read, you can see his sense of shame, as if this is the only country or nation that is backward, that is, there is this, well, the shame of what you are, and in his. .. in films there is also this duality you feel, yes, on the one hand, something so

new, beautiful, which is approaching and where you should strive, and on the other hand, these simpletons in embroidered shirts, from which you came out, and for whom you have a very great love and sentiment, but this is a shame, that is it's something you grow up with, it's colonial. by the way, yesterday i read about dovzhenko, and i saw that he, he was already close to waplite, he, when in this kharkiv period and the kyiv period, and he writes there about waplite and about hart, that this people, very ethnographic, very so archaic, uncivilized, and it is he who speaks for a moment about the waveman, about the current, that is, about all these people, and he says that to me. it seems that sometimes i come to a party, and it seems to me that i am at a party, that it is all

very ethnographic, that is what you are talking about, about this feeling of ethnography as archaic, as one's own culture, as something archaic, or i i'm wrong, i think we dealt with this in our childhood or youth, it's the 80s and 90s, when, well... you feel that you're a provincial, as it were, that the world is already somewhere far away, and, well, we can to observe, living in the provinces, that something is happening in moscow, something is happening in kyiv, they are very far from you, what is happening abroad, it is just another planet in general, and i think that with his, well, his genius and his talent he really, well, he wanted something more, but he didn't just, i think, want it for himself, but he wanted it... to give it back, well, that is, to help the society that he

actually came from, he all i just couldn't break my connection with him, so i'll start with venygor, this film, dovzhenko is shooting zvenigoru, screenwriters mike johanson and the famous otaman yurko tyutyunnyk, and this... it’s still the 29th year, before the repressions, and just now the ied trial is happening or will happen, as i understand it, in kharkiv, ugh, and ... dovzhenko films such a colossal, multi-layered, fundamental story about 2,000 years of ukrainian history, and here we actually see that it works and his ukrainian identity is revealed.

to watch this film, what is it about, what is it to us from those times, says dovzhenko, how do you watch it today? and i would say that this particular film i understand that you decided to take the trilogy, yes, we will talk about the trilogy, his stellar films, first of all, this is a very interesting artistic and technical experiment, because in this film in zvenihor dovzhenko used a lot of such... camera and editing techniques, which were innovative, because there were combined shootings, because after all, he tells a myth, and it is a little like a fairy tale story, and this fairy tale, it is probably characteristic of many films about ukraine, like

a certain mythical territory, detached from reality into which... for which a new world needs to be created and brought from the outside, because it is already preparing us for the fact that in the films of dovzhenko and many of his contemporaries, kavaleridze, for example, or kordyuma, this one will appear spos, well, the way to find a ukrainian, but he is no longer quite a ukrainian, but this is already a soviet person who comes in his place, that is... the original ukrainian whom we see in the film, he is ashamed, as it were, and he should be replaced someone has to come, and rebirth, that is, we see it as rebirth, it's like rebirth, but at the same time it really begins to model some new reality, that is, this is the function of cinema, which is characteristic

of the soviet space, and this film, despite the fact that it is... its origin seems to be visible, it is the same, it was also repressed, banned, yes, due to the fact that through mike yugansyn and through yurk tyutyunnyk, i understand correctly, yes or yes, he and plus he was already there, although the 27th year, this is still, this is still the period of the wolf, the wolf stopped in the 30th year our existence, that is, until the 30th year, we must explain to the audience what vuvk is, vuvku is in... this the all-ukrainian photo-cinema management, the easiest way to define it as ukrainian hollywood, and well, this will not be an understatement, because the all-ukrainian photo-cinema management absorbed all the infrastructure necessary for the creation and existence of cinema, i.e. there were its three film studios, there were its own film schools and later the film institute of appeared, there were their own editions, their

authors and people who were within the scope. worked, they were part of the kharkiv cultural elite, they grew up from the literary and theatrical tradition, because les kurbes actively cooperated very much with wofku, er, that is , in literally eight years from 22 to 30, it was a very progressive institution that developed on the go, er, but in 30 it was banned, and with "ukraine-film appeared, which was already... completely subordinated to moscow, the uniqueness of the film is that it acted autonomously, that is, the policy of filmmaking was determined locally in ukraine, in odesa. in kyiv, eh, and therefore, in principle, prominent names of film artists, eh, are connected precisely with the all-ukrainian photocinema administration, and when ee

the working atmosphere in moscow became unbearable, brothers kaufman and dzigavertov fled here, ugh, and they continued their activities here, which of course, well, the wolf was enriched at the expense of very unusual personalities, it cooperated with... foreign directors and cameramen, and dovzhenko loved very much to work with josef rona, a german cameraman who basically became his right-hand man in many projects. and then, and then it was banned because of what? as a result of the fact that the so-called came into force, the main one entered the producer of the soviet union, stalin himself began to define already, yes, i was struck by how much he... how tangential he was, how active he was in producing, so to speak, and in commissioned films, and this

is actually what still needs some kind of very complex research, as to who, who was this producer of the creation of the first wolf, that it shot so well, that it worked so well, because now we see rather a degradation in the management of the cinema. and we see that a lot, well, the cinematography now relies on independents initiatives, i.e. the representatives of the state rather bring confusion and uncertainty there, i planned it, we, we are definitely with you about it at the end, the last question i have will be exactly this, yes, but it is good that you are now, but for us, therefore for us, the experience of the wolf is very interesting, and because they were 8 years old, the politics of ukraine were active.

a few of them were preserved and the center restored them a few years ago, thus we received evidence that our films are in the ukrainian language, but in the 30th year the holiday ended, the wolf was closed and ukrainian... films, which on the territories of ukraine were filmed, and these were the yalta, odesa and kyiv film studios, they were all given to moscow, to white columns, to the guest film fund of russia, where they originated, the negatives are still there, and ukraine already received these films later by purchasing positive copies , that is, they are either in foreign archives, that is, it all collapsed together with the collapse of ukrainization, in principle, and he was clearly behind it. a great producer of nations, who already had other ideas and visions about how everything should develop, and we are about we'll talk about that later, but next we have the arsenal,

the film in the arsenal, and for me, for me, it's actually arsenal and shores, for me these are two films that precisely show the rupture, internal, dovzhenka, arsenal, let me remind you, it's a film . about the bolshevik uprising at the arsenal factory in kyiv, when the bolsheviks, the workers, rose up against the authorities of the ukrainian people's republic, against, against the troops of the ukrainian people's republic, which actually suppressed this uprising, and dovzhenko was in this army.

olena, i read that dovzhenko even served in the same branch of the black haydamaks. which one

dispersed this bolshevik uprising, so at least he had a hat with a black brim hanging in his parents' house, and i am now, excuse me, i am rude now, maybe this is a very rude analogy, but for me to make such a film is an arsenal, i am not now i'm talking about its artistic value, yes, i'm talking about dovzhenka's inner gap, so for me to shoot such a film is an arsenal or. chors, to a petlyur soldier, it is the same as for our veteran to now make a film about - about givi or about motorola, but it's like that, i'm deliberately exacerbating it, it's just that what must have happened to a person, how could he turn so internally, and what is he for, what is this for, what is this kind of internal self-destruction or what is it, well here

i... i will probably still lack details about what happened to him, but we see that the russian language subtitles are already in the arsenal, and this is happening if such a universalization of language, cinema, yes, and it is necessary to reach as many people as possible, and we see in the frame very well in the frames crowds appear, and in several tapes. dovzhenka we observe it, yes, when there is a crowd of people listening attentively to someone, and we may not even see the speaker himself, but it is very important for us to see what is happening on the faces of these people, how they are there, or disbelief, or on the contrary, they are fascinated, they have some kind of elation, and these things are also in paintings, because in

the national... art museum in 16 in the 15th year there was an exhibition of heroes of an inventory attempt, the museum then studied the construct of the hero, how it is formed, and after the maidan this study changed, because well maidan influenced the way we look at our people heroes, and we decided to be more so restrained, and give the opportunity to the audience to evaluate, and here is one of the spaces, these were portraits of lenin, which are stored in the art museum, have a certain artistic value, but this is a very interesting subject for research, and there there were several canvases where lenin only stands with his back, a view, you can see him only from behind, well, we understand who he is by the lack of hair, but in front of him stands a youth who is inspired, who is inflamed, whose eyes are burning, who are excited, and by this reactions, that is, this this is the reaction of a witness who is fascinated by something, and it seems to me that dovzhenko...

received, perhaps caught this wave, that he can influence something and change, and how do you explain to yourself why he shows so sarcastic, we deliberately chose this moment where he shows the members of the central council of these bourgeois, that's all, this is so emphasized, disgusting, yes, he shows these people, yuriy shevelyov wrote in letters. so, he wrote to roman korogotskyi that this is a compensatory mechanism of self-justification due to the flattery of the leaders of the program competitions. and i am now i will quote: why are those scumbags from the second camp needed in the arsenal and why are they so vile, vile, so, so disgusting, and here we have the key, because they did not manage to win, it turns out that they are to blame for

the loss. for a lost war, therefore, this is not a tribute to official demands, but the sincere truth has been removed and suffered, i am all in the anthem, but i am not responsible for it, those misfits are responsible, and as shevilov says, this is wild dostoevism, which is very similar to the truth , this interpretation of dovzhenko is close to you, it is very interesting and perhaps important even for us in a broader sense to understand ourselves, and here i can't help but think about it now if it is kvn, which is present in our lives, yes, which we seem to be and we, this is some intellectual part, does not like him, but in a large part of society likes it, it's like such self-mockery.