newscast from the bbc, stay with espresso, we'll be back in the studio. after losses in the black sea, the russian military command is changing its tactics, at a time when ukrainian forces are attacking the black sea fleet of the russian federation. so what is ukraine doing and how? a new tactic of the russians, about it in the next 15 minutes on the air of the bbc from london, studio dzaferov. the war in the black sea entered a new phase. currently, in fact, submarines are the only type of vessels that the russians send to the open sea, and this is due to ukrainian strikes, drones and missiles. as reported, the russian authorities changed the command of the black sea fleet of the russian federation, according to the intelligence of great britain, after the destruction by the ukrainian forces of this large

landing ship caesar kunikov. by the way, according to dmytro platenchuk, spokesman for the naval forces of the ukrainian armed forces, since the beginning of the full-scale war, ukraine has managed to destroy four large amphibious ships in the black sea. on the move, the russians have five more left. and in march, the defense forces of southern ukraine reported the destruction of one vessel, damage to three large amphibious ships and one reconnaissance ship. and those ships that survived russia ... hid in the bay in novorossiysk, the entrance to the bay was protected with barges, nets, nets, mines and weapons. currently, in fact, submarines are the only type of vessels that the russians send to the open sea. ukraine's western partners always mention the successes of ukrainian forces in the black sea. for example, at the end of last year, the minister of defense of great britain grand shaps wrote that ukraine managed to destroy 20% of the russian fleet in the black sea. but why is ukraine hunting for russian

fleet in the black sea? in particular, because it is the ships that russia uses to transport dual purpose goods. as observers note, the kremlin is reluctant to use the kerch bridge for transportation because they do not want a repeat of the sabotage with the collapse of the bridge span. therefore, if the russian military needs to deliver something to crimea or other occupied regions of southern ukraine, they use superior landing craft. and this is also an opportunity to transfer the operational reserve. every big paratrooper a ship is either a tank crew or a company group of more than 10 armored personnel carriers, and each knocked out landing ship is minus 500 tons of cargo. however , russian troops are also adapting to the new conditions of war and are trying to defend themselves against ukrainian drones. according to observers: russia is betting on helicopters that will search for naval drones. intact ships of the black sea. otorf can get

additional machine guns, and the posts can be equipped with night sights and thermal imagers, because most of the attacks were carried out by ukrainian forces at night. and more about the condition the russian black sea fleet after the ukrainian attacks, we speak with pavlo lakiychuk, head of the strategy 21 center's security programs. i congratulate you, the russian troops are now adapting to the fact that ukraine targets their fleet, to what extent. can the kind of protection that commentators say is effective, that is , using helicopters against naval drones? well, the russians are used to fighting against an enemy that has neither a navy nor an army, it was like that in syria, it was like that in georgia, it was like that in other cities, that's what they thought, that's how it will be. with ukraine, when the ukrainians sank the russian cruiser moskva in the 22nd year. the relatives

of the russian servicemen who died on the ship appealed to their command for compensation, but the answer was that the svo is being conducted on the territory of ukraine, and the ship sank in neutral waters, this is not an extraordinary case, and only after a series of ukrainian missile strikes on the headquarters of the fleet on... the black sea fleet began to carry out measures to disperse the forces of the fleet from the main bases, these are measures that are carried out at the beginning of the war or in a threatening period, that is, after one and a half years, they began to fight, which is now being carried out by the leadership of the russian fleet, after the appointment of a new commander of the black sea fleet and the navy. including another appointment,

which is directly responsible for e-e activities of the fleet, including participation in the war, the russians are trying to find e-new ones. ways and means of at least protecting their ships and their ability to perform the main tasks assigned to them during the war. how effective will be the use of e-helicopters in the form of reconnaissance and destruction of our unmanned means of destruction, it is difficult to say, they have already tried, this is news from the very beginning. used both deck-based helicopters and mi-8 helicopters to detect and destroy drones, some of them operate quite effectively, especially in the daytime, but to fully protect them, this does not allow them to use their strength, the use of

additional means small arms, it is more effective, but also not... sufficient to destroy naval drones, ukraine acts not only with naval drones, it must be understood, we also use the full range of weapons that are possible, starting from subversive actions of combat troops and ending with the use of cruise missiles against the most important objects of the enemy, precisely the russians, they said that they would add to... machine guns on board, but more machine guns means a bigger crew, but they have limits on that too, they can't double the crew, well, it's not quite like that, you know, it's the second world war, you can draw parallels, when

the japanese put their largest battleship on the yamato, gradually more and more guns. of a small hummingbird by increasing the crew, well , nevertheless, this did not save them, the same applies to the ships of the black sea fleet, well , it will just be different here, the crew will perform more functions at the same time, that is, the radiometer will be simultaneously a machine gunner and a fireman, etc., an increase in the expansion of the sailor's functions , that's actually... a pretty effective move, but on the other hand, if a sailor can't perform the primary function when performs an auxiliary function, which means that the functionality of the ship is also lost. but in general, what is the state of the black sea

fleet of russia now, especially after the ukrainian attacks? well, first of all, the black sea fleet lost its flagship. cruiser moscow, it was the only ship of the black sea fleet that could carry out group anti-aircraft defense, that is, it could cover the air space above a combination of ships, groups of ships that operate in the sea at the same time, could not protect itself, the second talked about the destruction of large amphibious ships ships, and this is double a double success, because... in the black sea , a landing group was formed from the ships of the black sea fleet, the baltic fleet and the northern fleet, only 15 units, which were supposed to carry out, first of all, their task was to conduct a naval landing operation on our coast, this task they

can no longer carry out due to the fact that there are four actually amphibious ships left, and there are no marines... infantry: the marines that were prepared for landing on the surface were destroyed back in 2022, not only the black sea fleet, but also 155 brigade of the pacific fleet, 40 brigade of the pacific fleet, 61 brigade of the northern fleet, all the marines of russia were in ukraine, now these infantry are simply dressed in vests, they are not the wrong fighters, secondly, these ships cannot... carry out the transportation of the most important cargoes to the crimea, landing ships carried out the transportation of ammunition, the most important cargoes in the interests of the black sea fleet and the entire russian group operating in

the south of ukraine, that is why after the defeat of the ships of the black sea fleet, which carried out cargo transportation was dealt a number of blows. on the amphibious ships that were under permanent repair, they, it was such a blow to the future, a preventive blow so that these ships could not... replace those ships, thank you, thank you, thank you, head of security programs of the strategy 21 center pavlo lekiychuk , unfortunately, there is not enough time to talk longer, thank you. let's take a look at ukrainian developments, what kind of naval drone fleet it is. at the beginning of march, the sbu showed a new model of a marine drone, the see baby. it can carry up to a ton of explosives, and this is twice as many drones that ukraine currently operates in... the black sea and, as observers say, with the new capabilities, ukraine is quite capable of attacking even protected

bases from the sea. there is another drone of the main intelligence agency of the ministry of defense, magura, and bbc correspondent abdujalil abdurasulov saw with his own eyes how they work. this is magura, the gur naval drone of the general intelligence directorate. these small unmanned boats are one of the most... threats to the russian fleet in the black sea, it does not emit an extraordinary amount of heat there, almost like a thermal imager inconspicuous, it is made of plastic, according to radars, it is very difficult to see it too, since its creation in february of last year , group 13 gur has already destroyed five russian ships they. sank the large amphibious assault ship caesar kunnikov. russian sailors

tried to destroy the drones, but without success. at night, they use a special type of ammunition so that they can see exactly where the shot is going. it's easier for them to see where the shot is going, but at the same time it gives us an opportunity to see from... how, in which direction we should move away from these arrivals. thanks to these naval drones, they destroyed the russian patrol ship corvette sergey kotov. we have, shall we say, a long-standing relationship with kotov, because we have impressed him twice before, and this is an extremely difficult goal, but a competent job in planning. competent work of the pilots gave us the opportunity to perform this

task and perform it effectively, and the reb is russian, he can eavesdrop on this drone to go around, well, let’s say, he can, he jammed, but we are with it, we overcame it, these unmanned vessels led to revolutionary changes in the introduction. naval warfare, because they are relatively cheap, but can destroy ships worth tens and hundreds of millions of dollars. thanks to these naval drones, ukraine can successfully counter russia's attempts to dominate the black sea. the 13th declined to say how much the drones cost, but compared their cost to the ivanovets missile ship they destroyed last month. only one ivanov. covered all the drones of last year and this year that we have not used yet, with this

joystick we control left and right, set the course of the board, with this joystick we control its speed with which it moves, then immediately before the task we raise this tunneler, this is a manual detonation, if in 2022 russia regularly launched calibers behind... on the black sea, then currently, according to military, shelling from ships has noticeably decreased, and the russians do not go to sea as often. ukraine's successful attacks on russia's black sea fleet forced moscow to withdraw its ships from sevastopol to novorossiysk. but judging by the past attacks, drones can get them even there. so that's all for today, take care!

congratulations, friends, the second part of the verdict program is live on the tv channel. today in the program. passion for mobilization, equality of ukrainians before the law and inequality of those in power. will ukraine receive effective mobilization legislation? booking without speculation and manipulation. shmyhal instructed the government to develop a fair system of postponements from mobilization. what should be justice. the west's indecision in the confrontation with russia. partners of ukraine

they fear an escalation with putin. what will the delay lead to? friends, we working live on the tv channel and also on our platforms in youtube and facebook, for those who are watching us live there now, please join our platforms and participate in our vote, today we ask you this, do you support you mass mobilization in ukraine, yes, no, everything is quite simple on youtube, either yes or no, write your comment under the video, if you watch us on tv, take your smartphone or phone and vote if you support mass mobilization in ukraine 0800 211381 no 0800 211382 all calls to these numbers are free call, at the end of the program we will sum up the results of this vote. today on our broadcast are political scientists oleg sahakyan, head of the unified coordination center platform, mr. oleg, i

congratulate you, thank you for joining our broadcast, congratulations, i am glad to see and hear viktor boberenko, an expert of the bureau. policy analysis, mr. viktor, i welcome you, thank you for being with us today, good health, well since we are asking our tv viewers about mobilization, gentlemen, i will also ask you whether you support mass mobilization in ukraine, mr. olezh, please, i will tell you honestly, i do not fully understand what is meant by sub-mass mobilization in ukraine, in ukraine , mobilization has been ongoing since the first day of the full-scale invasion. this is the time to call it mass, no, it is all-encompassing, it concerns the whole of ukraine, therefore, in fact, it may be mass in this case, if we talk about a new mobilization wave, then at the moment we are not talking about it, because mobilization is happening all the time, that is , if we talk about an all-ukrainian mobilization, of course , i support it, it is the only

mechanism to ensure justice in terms of mobilization, the only thing... mobilization mechanisms, they do not cope with this, they showed their low effectiveness, if not to say that their actions actually led to the discrediting of mobilization, the perception of mobilization in ukrainian society, but besides that, in ukraine there are no such phenomena as partial mobilization, or some separate, or individual territories, as it happens in russia, therefore any of them is by definition mass. thank you, mr. oleg, mr. viktor. i also agree with my colleague that there is a mass mobilization, what is it, that mass is from a few, from thousands, from ten thousand, from 100 thousand, if we talk about specifying myself, yes, then i am in favor of really have lowered the mobilization threshold from 27 to 25 years, i am for

the fact that we at least respond adequately in a mirror... given to events on rosyeushka, where, rossieushka now brings 150,000, not in these, on for conscript service, but experience shows that half of them will already be contract workers in six months, yes, because there the soldier is driven around the barracks until he signs the contract, and so they gather somewhere, well, they themselves state that from 300 up to 400 thousand. they are going to call up for the contract, so accordingly we need to call up some number, when syrsky said that no, we don't need 500 thousand, it is clear that this was under the direction of the president's office, it was clear that this would soften the actual there are electoral threats to the president, yes

but if there are not 500,000, then maybe 300-400. and accordingly it is during the year, it is not immediately, in a month directly 300,000, we do not have any training grounds, and in europe there will not be enough to digest such a number of new recruits, but to increase mobilization, conditionally yes, it is necessary to recruit there from 300 + thousand of this year of new soldiers. thank you, mr. viktor, today, gentlemen, the verkhovna rada of ukraine has started the review. in the second reading of the mobilization bill, the mobilization law, more than 400 amendments, and judging by what is happening now in the session hall parliament obviously, the wording, the original wording, which was from the government, plus some amendments from the committee, this will actually be the new law on mobilization, now we see

that during the voting in the hall there are several dozen people's deputies of ukraine, the representatives of the majority obviously already understand , which norms should be included in this law, and a formal procedure is just going on. voting for this law, but it must be said and admitted that the adoption of this law will in principle affect the future of ukraine, for the future of society, for the future of how this society will develop, who will be mobilized in what way, who will be at war and when, and actually, well, this is what it is, i would call it a small small constitution, i guess. war, the current war, this is the law on mobilization, because it is all ordered, why, mr. oleg, in your opinion, in this

process there is not one absolutely clear leader of the process, that is, the leader of the process who leads it, because zelensky before the review of this bill in the second reading said: we will convince the parliament to they did something there, syrskyi was invited today to speak and... dream, and what does he want in this law, formally this law was submitted by the cabinet of ministers of ukraine, if this law is so important for the country, why, why is there not one clear leader , who must lead this process, well, in this case , the supreme commander of the armed forces of ukraine, because it implies responsibility, and today all departments are wandering from one to the other, the very logic of submitting such... draft laws, it is built as follows: general staff prepares numbers, prepares data, forms its needs, passes them to the ministry of defense, the ministry of defense adds there a part that

deals with provisioning, logistics, balancing this with other issues that are on the border of civil and military, then it is transferred to the government, and in the government, it would seem that other ministries, other bodies should familiarize themselves with this data, add those moments that are important to them, compare it with their own programs and strategies, actions , calculate the numbers accordingly, the ministry of economy, other ministries, see how it will turn out affect agriculture, how will it affect macroeconomic stability, various areas, ending with humanitarian policy, and ultimately then the government bill goes to parliament, it is clear that it must be under the leadership of the supreme commander, because it deals with military topics, and ultimately has to be a closed discussion in the committee, and then an open one... a discussion in the parliament already with additional amendments, ideally, this is exactly why such a route is built so that at the finish line there is already a draft law in the parliament, with which is familiar with the entire system and has taken

responsibility. at every stage, all the bodies cannot say that we did not know, it happened without us, or we did not think, or something else, they all share the responsibility. in the same ukrainian conditions, with our state apparatus, which for 30 years is on the hook. degraded from the soviet one and never built the european one, the following is happening in our country: at each stage, each institution withdraws and tries to distance itself from the bill in every possible way. thus, after passing all the chains, each of bodies can now say: we are not responsible for this, they came up with this, they made amendments after us, and this is how it gets to the parliament, in the parliament, where the deputies are sitting, today there are serious problems with voting and with the number ... deputies in order to ensure voting, in the parliament the deputies say: yes, so now you want to say that the responsibility for this frankenstein will now be borne exclusively

by the deputies, have you found fools? no, we also wash our hands and will then work a with scissors on this draft law, cutting out of the draft everything that can cast a shadow on us. thus, on the one hand, the draft law is emasculated, and on the other hand, it becomes. frustrated in itself, from the last thing we saw, the changes at the request of mr. syrsky removed the demobilization of this draft law. thus, for now, i would not undertake to say that this law on mobilization will be able to fundamentally change the situation with mobilization. of course, we leave a window to see what it will be like at the finish line, because there may also be filmed and edited, many more things can happen with it and the finish. in the end, we will see it only after it is voted on in the parliament, moreover, the intrigue with the possibility of voting, with the presence of votes remains the same, most likely

there will be votes, at least everything. it is done so that they are, but again, the ukrainian parliament in this case against the background of the confrontation that we see inside under the dome, it is also not guaranteed. and in the end, what are the pressing questions about mobilization in society, demobilization, that is, how long the service in the army lasts, and this is not only a demoralizing factor for the military, but also for civilians who can potentially go to change, to replace those who are currently at the front. one of the key questions, the potential recruits declare, is tell us how much we put our lives at the disposal of the state, one year, two, three, four, give certainty, withdraws, does not withdraw. the second point, certainty regarding material support, and starting from salary, ending with payments in case of injuries, support for injured veterans in

post-war period. meaning, after demobilization, demobilization, etc., social programs, other support, prosthetics, this bill brings clarity, i don't think that clarity will appear especially there, it will continue as it was, who has acquaintances, who has opportunities , to whom the funds paid attention, who did not, who had native punches in order to knock out of the state the money that should be paid for treatment and recovery, etc., will be there, the others will not, that is... the game will still remain in with many hidden in confrontation with the state. third the moment of the question of the vlk and non-profanation of the physical and a physical state and moral state of recruits and their capabilities, assessment of their professionalism, their coefficient of useful action in one direction or another. we see that

the recruitment system methodology is being implemented here. which is now spread over several subsections, i also did not see this in the draft law, at least in the initial one and in those amendments that were submitted, respectively, most likely at the exit we will not have an answer to the question that everyone who goes to defend will know whether him will be evaluated, really according to his qualities and capabilities, he will find himself in the direction where he can be most effective. next is the issue of the vlk, the issue of all other injustices. when it comes to, it means the vlk, when in 20 minutes they make a person fit for service, or grabbing on the streets and all other abuses. during this time, we have heard a harsh, harsh reaction of the authorities to all these abuses. we saw the public flogging of those who did this, with the demonstration that now there is a hotline, now there is a place to turn to or relatives, or by the military itself, that there are mechanisms of prosecution, that all those who

did this, they are now sitting in the jailhouse, and accordingly they are a demonstrative example to others that such a thing cannot be done, that is , guaranteeing to those who undergo mobilization that they, giving control over their lives to the state, they get in return transparent rules of the game in which they will not be humiliated, in which the state treats them accordingly, they get it according to the results of the bill, i also doubt whether i can continue this series, but not in order not to waste... air time, but going back to your words about the fact that it was a small wartime constitution from the point of view of mobilization, indeed that bill, or rather, that law and those regulations mobilization laws that existed, we can say, they are bad, they are not bad, they correspond to the realities or not, i believe that they do not correspond, they are post-soviet, but were they observed, no, they were often abused,

where are the guarantees, what about these norms... will not be abused depending on whether it will be on whether there will be a need or not, there are no guarantees and this is not given, accordingly, i do not think that this draft law, it will dramatically change the situation after its adoption, although certain positive moments after it in terms of digitalization, optimization of certain processes, of course will happen, but this draft law is for officials, not for society, for society, there will be almost no response, well, for society, the main thing is mobilization. it seems to me that this is justice, that is, as far as it is possible in general to mobilize justly under the conditions war and in the conditions of a corrupt state, that is, to what extent this just mobilization can be in general, and of course a just system of reservation, because we see that what is this reservation, that it works in some way, and now only the prime minister minister denys.