this is the news, annaeva melnyk is with you, greetings to the viewers of espresso. those who shot a policeman in vinnytsia region were detained and searched in odesa region. according to the national police, they turned out to be military personnel from vinnytsia, a father and a son, they are 52 and 26 years old, respectively. the day before , they opened fire on two law enforcement officers in the haysin district of vinnytsia region, the attackers' car was stopped to check documents, one policeman died on the spot, the other got injuries, the dead 20-year-old maksym zaretskyi, he managed to fire back and seriously wounded him. investigators are establishing

the circumstances of the event and the motives of the crime, the detainees face life imprisonment. four victims in odesa region, three men and one woman. in the afternoon, the russians hit the region with ballistic missiles, oleg kiper, the head of the region, announced. the transport enterprise of the port infrastructure was hit, private houses in one of them were damaged by the blast wave and fragments of the rocket. palastelya, all services work on site. the russians attacked the village of kozatske on kherson region. as oleksandr prokudin, the head of the military administration of the region, reported. the occupiers dropped two aerial bombs on a settlement in the novokakhovsk community. as a result of the impact, the entrance of the five-story building was destroyed. a private residential building caught fire. people were not injured. finally

agreed, finally agreed, after six months of procrastination, the us house of representatives supported the provision of an aid package for ukraine, israel and the indo-pacific region. now there is a final vote in the senate. president joseph biden promises to immediately sign these long-delayed bills and what we can finally get from the us in a detailed review. being an enemy of america may be dangerous, but being... an enemy of america is fatal. over the past six months, ukrainians had time to reflect on the meaning of this aphorism attributed to the legendary us secretary of state henry kissinger. that's how much time congress needed to finally take up consideration of an aid package vitally important for ukraine. back on october 20, president joseph biden proposed a bill that provided for the provision of military support to ukraine, israel and taiwan, but the document became hostage to election campaigns and

irreconcilable contradictions between democrats and republicans. the result for ukraine is an acute shortage of artillery shells and air defense equipment, a retreat from avdiyivka and the threat of a collapse of the front, which the media write about and ukrainian and western politicians are already openly talking about. it is necessary to specifically tell congress that if congress does not help ukraine, ukraine will lose the war. and find a public format for it. "if ukraine loses the war, other states will be attacked, and this is a fact. the most surprising thing in this story is that after a half-year delay in the draft law, little has changed in substance. almost $61 billion has been earmarked for ukraine's needs, which is the same amount that the biden administration proposed. not all funds are directly received by ukraine. more than a third, i.e. 23 billion, will go to the purchase of weapons to replenish the pentagon's warehouses. more than 20 billion will go

directly to the ukrainian defense forces, both for immediate needs and for long-term programs. finally, almost another 8 billion - this direct budget support of ukraine. perhaps the most heated debate took place around the last point. after all, it was formally issued not as a grant, i.e. non-refundable aid, but as a loan, which, however, the us president, with the consent of congress, will have the right to write off. the only significant innovation of michael johnson, the joint project was divided into three. parts, separately for ukraine, israel and taiwan. in addition, there appeared a clause on the confiscation of frozen russian assets in favor of ukraine. i think that providing aid to ukraine right now is critical important i really believe the information and the briefings we received. i believe that xi jinping, vladimir putin and iran are indeed the messengers of evil. i think vladimir putin would march across europe if he were allowed to. i think next... sometime he

might go to the balkans. i think he might have a conflict with poland or one of our nato allies. was speaker johnson really so intimidated by the closed briefings of many? of american intelligence, perhaps, in particular , cia director william burns spoke before congressmen this week, he directly warned american lawmakers that if you don't vote, ukraine will fall. there is a very real risk that the ukrainians could lose the battlefield by the end of 2024, or at least put putin in a position where he can essentially dictate the terms of a political settlement. it is not only about russian aggression, but also about sitting. in china, its ambitions and our allies and partners in the indo-pacific region, it is really a question of whether our adversaries understand our reliability and resolve, and do our allies and partners understand this? however, there is another explanation why speaker johnson agreed to bring

the bill to a vote without reference to the issue of security of the us-mexico border, which the republicans insisted on earlier, it is donald trump, precisely thanks to the support of the former... the little-known congressman from louisiana, mike johnson headed the lower house of the parliament of the most powerful country in the world, and his opinion for johnson weighs much more than intelligence briefings. trump de facto won the nomination from the republicans and is ready for a rematch with biden. it is difficult to call him a sympathizer of ukraine. he criticized the biden administration for helping kyiv, stressing that once he returned to the white house, he would be able to stop the war in 24 hours. the ex-president of the usa was against... aid to ukraine. two ex-prime ministers of great britain tried to change his opinion at once: boris johnson, who met with trump that year, and current foreign minister david cameron, who spoke with trump this year in early april. according to the media, both missions failed, but after another one

meeting with speaker johnson, trump did not object to the aid package to ukraine, if it is formalized as a loan. and then something unexpected happened. in his social network, the president wrote for the first time about the importance of ukraine for the united states. why can't europe contribute the same or proportional amount that the united states of america contributes to help a country that desperately needs help. everyone agrees that the survival and strength of ukraine should be much more important for europe than for us, but it is also important for us. come to europe. donald trump, the president of the usa in 2017-2021 is likely. presidential candidate from the republican party, has trump changed his mind, if so, why, maybe he also received information about the real state of affairs on the front and the only way to save ukraine, as the same kissinger said, the lack of alternatives miraculously clears the brain, and

speaker johnson heard trump's main demand. his draft clearly states that us economic aid cannot exceed 50% of total aid allies, primarily the eu and importantly, the initiative calls on president biden to finally provide ukraine with long-range attack missiles. it is interesting that in the document, the purpose of aid is not only the ability to defend itself, but also ukraine's victory over russia. the only question is whether american lawmakers have matured to this goal too late. and the collection of the tv channel for means of communication and security for the intelligence unit of the third regiment continues. forces of special operations in the hot eastern direction they are in heavy battles choose our independence with you, thanks to these courageous soldiers we can live, work, study, and in order to somehow thank you, let's close the assembly as soon as possible. the ambitious goal is uah 720,000. there are no small donations, every

hryvnia of yours is of great importance. join, you see all the details on the screen. and look for more interesting videos on youtube. be sure to subscribe, because there are live ether broadcasts, all news releases, programs and special projects that can only be seen here, as well as short videos on hot topics in the section shorts, spread them, comment, be close, that's the way things are at the moment, i'm telling you see you at 18, then see the project own names with myroslava barchuk. greetings, good evening, my name is myroslava barchuk, this is a self-titled program, a joint

project of ukrainian pen and the espresso tv channel. today we will talk about reading, about why people began to read more during the war. why are we experiencing such a boom in literary podcasts, conversations, clubs, discussion of books, why new bookstores are opening in cities, that's all about it let's talk with mine today. the guests, strangely enough, are two bohdanas, such a beautiful, rare name, but they both exist, this is bohdana neborak, a journalist and cultural manager, bohdana, congratulations, and bohdana romantsova, an editor and literary critic, congratulations, congratulations, girls, thank you for coming to talk about reading, i decided to start a conversation with you with the fact that your first two or three months of the war, did you read during that time, what did you read, could you have something... there on the table near the bed, or did you pick up a book? i'm not at all

read, for the first few months of the war i had a constant feeling that fiction had betrayed me, and everything i believed in, these wonderful texts that were supposed to hold civilization together, they no longer worked, and for the first few months i could not at all to pick up any artist, and i returned to reading, oddly enough, through writing, when i realized that as a journalist i could record... stories, tell about them, i gradually returned through nonftion, through artistic reportage, and only then very soon, months later six, i returned to the artistic form, as an editor, i could not work with the text for the first few months either, it seemed to me that it made no sense, so it was a personal crisis of big ideas, these metanarratives, i experienced it on my own experience, i realized that literature doesn't work, it doesn't make sense, she betrayed me, and it was a very bitter realization. and many of my colleagues, professional readers, critics also talk about it, and by the way, i saw what

oleksandr mikhet said about this betrayal of literature, and i heard exactly this from tatyana malyarchuk, who experienced all this in austria, and she says that i felt that culture, literature in general, is a big tree that can bloom and can be beautiful, but under it someone can be raped, yes, or killed, that is, this it's a feeling and... that a lot of people had, really. bagdan, how were you, what, could you read then and what? at first it seemed to me that i had lost this skill, but now, when i listen to bohdana, when i look back at my own memories, i realize that i returned to reading quite quickly, because about two weeks after the beginning of the full-scale invasion, i took a very specific book, it was a volume of stories by mykola khvylovy, and i reread his blue tude, and realized. that what previously seemed to me to be an exceptional metaphor, some kind of flight of figurative thinking, is now unfolding here,

in the south of the country, in the east of the country, in the kyiv region, and in fact it was some completely new depth of immersion in the text, and the wave helped me to return, and then already it was quite easy, i started reading very different books, but kept coming back to texts that, like it seemed to me that they were explaining... the nature of the totalitarian system and i was thinking about how it is possible to do some reading projects around it, because i wanted more people to think about it as well, the only book i have that, which i could read, was for some reason serhiy's book sedges, three ropes for maria, i don't understand, probably it's because it's connected with some very deep childish peace, and it's such an escapist thing that i could immerse myself in these stories once. and disconnect from the networks and stay somewhere for a while, rest and take a walk, and that's it

it was in the first weeks, that is, i took it like that and it was as if i switched off and returned to reality, that is, for me, for some reason, it was the only book, and somehow it happened, we have one study, i am always very interested in , that ukrainians began to read more during the war, and we have... the statistics provided by the ukrainian institute are from a comparison, a comparison of the 20th year and the 23rd year, if in the 20th year 8% of people read, and it’s a terribly simple number, 8% of all read it, then in 23 of 19, and this is a paper book in ukrainian, on the one hand, i look at it 19, and it's like it's good, compared to eight, but in... they compare with germany, i mean the ukrainian institute is compared with germany, and in germany 46% of the population reads, how do you

perceive this jump, is it a jump, or is it, how do you, how do you perceive, first of all, this figure, well, 20%, that is, it is quite small, but still there are people who began to read more, why do you think, with what this is related to why ukrainians took the paper ukrainian book, it seems to me that many people felt that... that reading is actually a very affordable luxury in wartime, you can ground yourself, and when we talk about this grounding and being in the moment, it's often quite no... inappropriate things in wartime, it's hard to talk about that outside, about it's difficult to talk about in public, but at the same time it's so important for mental health, and people have felt this benefit of a book as a physical object, if it's good prose, you can immerse yourself in someone else's story, be in it for a while and come out a little

calmer, a little more balanced, even if it is a very complex piece of literature. and it gives you excitement, but still that's how narrative works, it organizes your thinking, and i think a lot of people have started to discover this very simple power of reading, and i think what matters a lot is, first of all, escapism, it's an opportunity to go through some other experience, to be at least a little safe, in this book safety, why did these family stories come back, new sincerity, why is yevgenia kuznetsova, for example, so popular, because this... we have a feeling of such a community inside, well, has come back to a large extent, and now the fashion for reading is growing, when opinion leaders began to talk about what they read, when some reading projects began to appear in various formats, this definitely affects broad reading circles, finally many simply discovered for themselves ukrainian culture, in my school years it was less often

such a process of weaning away from ukrainian literature, this ideological reading, it does no one any good... now that people are returning and reading books in a new way, it turns out that you can freely talk about a book, to interpret a book, to see in it something very personal, very special, and there are no wrong ideas about literature. it seems to me that this freedom that reading gives and the freedom to talk about it, the opportunity to find like-minded people on the basis of a book, on the basis of reading as a process, it attracted many people to reading, but we are only at the beginning, of course. in germany, cultural reading programs have existed since the 70s on a permanent basis on the main channels, and here everything is just starting, so expect a quick i would not be the result. we have a survey, actually answers to why people read, we have numbers, the ukrainian institute of the future also conducted such a study,

so look, 49%, that is, almost half, say that reading is a way to save yourself. especially during the war, actually, that's the same thing, actually, that we're talking about. 42% say that reading teaches them to make better decisions, even in difficult circumstances. 24% say that reading ukrainian literature is a form of resistance, and 21% say that it is a form of support for ukrainian literature. you know, i am impressed, impressed by one story, the ukrainian pen and i often visit different regions of the frontline. territories, and where the libraries were either destroyed, yes, or robbed by the russians, er, or some other, some other trouble happened, and we bring books there, and here is the news that in kherson, in kherson, there are such an area, an island, in the middle of the dnieper, it is 2 km from the line

of contact, that is, it is a red zone, people live there. island, and they, they make themselves a library in the basement, and they said this phrase, this initiative is called books in shelter, and they said that for them the book is a shelter, that’s just right, it’s such an impressive metaphor, you brought a book, books to my father, he’s fighting right there 2 km away, that’s why he happily mentioned these books and it’s very helps the fighters, fantastic in general, but just that this, that this is like a metaphor that becomes, what is this not a metaphor, this is real. this is an absolutely real fact, and now about podcasts, about the boom, in fact, of book clubs, literary podcasts, and not only from the discussion of ukrainian literature, in general, you very rightly said that talking about books has become not scary, and these podcasts seem to have brought closer what seemed so

unattainable to us, we gathered, we thought with... with our editor kateryna danylovych, we danylovych, we mentioned what there are in general in ukraine podcasts or clubs, we mentioned first of all bohdana's podcast, i took it and read it on radiopodil, this is a podcast that used to be, yes , there was station 451 of oleksandr mehed, there is a smell of the word that you are now seeing yevgeny stasinevych. literary critic and serhiy cherkov standaper, there is ukrlit, but you actually see it now ukrlit is comedians, as i understand it, they talk about ukrainian literature, about literature in general, there is a book depository. olena huseynova, there is currently untitled bohdana neborak and anastasia evdokimova, there is a cult podcast of volodya yermolenko and tetyana ogarkova, where they talk about

culture and literature, in particular. here it is, you see, it's rosyslav semkiv talking to vira ageyeva about literature, a podcast of crazy authors, there's gogol's mustache, and stand-up comedians vadym kyrylenko and nikita rybak. they talk about books, there is a high shelf of bohdan, bohdana romantsova, there are aesthetes, there is also such a podcast, which is in the ukrainian week, there is a repainted fox, where educator valentina merzhievska and psychologist maria didenko discuss books from such a point of view, it is not them, it is bohdana anastasia, but there is such a psychological context, a podcast about literature , which the reason for this, well, it's amazing, actually, it's amazing, if you keep in mind that it's been in the last few years, actually, what is the reason for this boom in these conversations about

literature, do you think? i think i listen to almost all of these podcasts, but i'm surprised i listen to almost all of them, i was a guest for half of them, and i think that, first of all, they are quite different, and everyone can choose something of their own, you can listen to something, relatively speaking, more complicated, you can listen to them joking. about literature, you can listen to how some specific optics are applied to literature, you can listen to professors, you can listen to people who yesterday deployed tecrollers for the first time, and it hurts them, and they are ready to share, and such a variety, it seems to me that this is a very healthy kind of story, a very healthy trend, a bunch of niches, and all of them are filled, and each niche has its own audience, bigger, smaller, but everywhere the audience is quite active, and it seems to me that all these podcasts are made by young people. well, rosslav senkiv is also young, they somehow bring this young audience closer, that is , you don't get some very clear teachers, they don't start teaching you to understand

literature, but they talk to you and you can join the conversation, they will give you an answer in the comments, that is some such free conversation, it is something very ancient, i think yes, how did it start, how did it start, i'm here for me, i'll tell you how it started for me. for me, it started with the club of bibliophages, which was organized by oksana zabushko in urban 500, and it was during the covid, during the epidemic, we gathered at the risk of everything, there were some with masks, some without masks, and we discussed books, for me it is like this the book club, that's how it started, how did it start for you, what do you remember as the beginning that started it all, for me it's very personal. story with this, i remember such a project which was actually called a podcast, but almost no one remembers it as a podcast, it is

a cultural meeting that took place in the dzyga art center in lviv every thursday, it was done by yurii kucheryavy, a poet and philosopher who is now at the front, and every thursday was incredible the luxury of coming and listening to an interesting person, andriy izdryk recorded it all. all thanks to dziza and kucheryav, we actually have a considerable archive of the voices of poets whom today we can only remember, but i immediately have in my head, let's say igor remaruk or nazar gonchar. and i i saw how this recording was being made right here and now. at the same time, i understood that after the event i had the right to ask questions. let me not have a specialized education or a specific one. a seal that should have allowed me to speak, say, at the moment when the moderators took the microphone, but still my opinion was worth sounding out, and it was terribly inspiring, as i understand it, today

and later formed some kind of ideological framework of what how i imagined potential new projects about literature, and it was actually in the 2000s still beginning, so in the 2000s, when it wasn't a podcast yet, when we didn't know this word under... the americans knew, but we didn't have a clue, that's how i remember, i remember how i had a conversation with taras porohaisky, and i asked him what and which do you listen to podcasts, he said, well, in his very soft manner, attentively: "what is this, what is a podcast, that is, i understand that we learned, well, four or five years ago, yes it began to appear here, from what, from what did it start for you, bagdan, for me too, probably from personal history." and we once had one the literary and critical site lyakcent, where i wrote quite actively as a critic, and at some point we decided to create a lytakcent reading club, it was monthly and

initially critics gathered. for years, the emphasis was on people with specialized education, but gradually a handful of readers began to form, some came for a specific book, for example, a detective book, some came for a certain author, sometimes authors came and presented their book, and it was a conversation where we could tell miroslav in the eyes laiuk, we liked it in his book, and what not, and then some fans would come, or those who had something to say, and gradually such a circle was formed, when the service ended... part of us always went to the bar and we were always not enough, and i remember i remember how we sat just until the closing with yaroslav stricha, roksalana was talking about literature, and we couldn't talk, and this is probably where this story began, how can you gather a circle and talk to people you are interested in, even if you disagree somewhere, even if you are stubborn argue, this does not make you enemies, on the contrary, it is a very interesting kind of synergistic exchange, but we are still with you... we

are talking about such a certain bubble, you and i seem to belong to this bubble, where it is natural, so that we , we discuss, we talk, but it’s not enough for us, we want to communicate, discuss books, but i feel that it has now completely broken out of this bubble, including those people for whom, for whom, let’s say, we talked last week from vatanovka buladze about what he is so attached to, let's say for bulgakov, and for his myth of kyiv, it is because people... simply did not read, do not know the myth of ukrainian kyiv, so at that time, they did not read the girl with the girl with the bear, they did not read dr. serafikus, they did not read the world, it seems to me that we have become more open in our bubble, it is very nice to talk with each other, with people who understand you, to whom you do not need to explain anything, for example, to contextualize some names, it is very nice to sit down and talk as usual, but this is a change

of conversation, a change of type. speaking tone that requires effort and requires work on oneself, it is very important for us to find new audiences, i know that now in kyiv there are more than 30 reading clubs operating only in libraries, yes, they can be small reading clubs, i just have a friend who is interested in this issue, there may be five in the microdistrict, and our authors come there, we, for example, temper publishing house constantly present books in libraries, before there was not even any idea that... this is important, but now we understand this need, and people come there , very often older women, and they are interested listen to what this guy wrote there about the cyberpunk future, because it's real contact with the author, and it's something new, and they 're open. in fact, i think i, for one, definitely greatly underestimated the wider audience, this desire to lock yourself in your own things from the ivory tower, it's also very tempting, but you can't

give in to this temptation. it is very interesting, bohdana, what do you think, how did it, how did it become, well, it became a menstruum, because i understand that i did not underestimate the scope of reading readers clubs, now that i have learned the number of reading clubs in the libraries of kyiv, and it is certainly not only in kyiv, in fact there are even more of them, there is a separate channel, which is taken care of by the sens bookstore, which simply collects. in kharkiv, in other words, in very different places, it seems to me that when we talk about this kind of self-discovery, there is such an important decolonial moment here, and it is actually nice to learn that you have more than you have in your whole life...