methods of discrediting some people who provide information, methods of trying to invent some fake news, how journalists were brought abroad, initially journalists of communist publications there from western europe, who wrote that nothing bad actually happened, everything is fine, then even journalists from western publications, who were sponsored by some nuclear power plants in the west, who wanted... there would be less panic and let's still say that nothing terrible happened, that the panic was exaggerated, let's extinguish this lady, so it seems to me that precisely in the times of already independent ukraine, especially in the times of yanukovych, they were more embarrassed by this, more embarrassed that ukrainians did not see, did not understand these methods, these techniques, because, well, these methods and the representatives of this government very actively wanted to use the techniques, i perfectly... i remember how

in 2008, when i was the curator of the archive of the security service of ukraine, how much resistance there was even within the system of the security service of ukraine, the essence of this resistance was that that we are not we can expose the methods of operation of the communist special services, because they can be useful, can be used everyday, it just shocked me at the time, because as a historian i knew very well what the methods of operation of the communist special services were, and it is obvious that talking about that is something. .. something similar can and should be used in independent ukraine, it is an automatic recognition that ukraine is definitely far from a democratic state and is not going to move towards some european and democratic state, therefore one of the first steps of the new government in in 2010, under the leadership of yanukovych, the new head of the security service, khoroshkovsky , there was an attempt to bottle this genie again, to close these archives again ... but valery

khoroshkovsky's first press conference, at which the thesis that the whole truth was sounded , which had to be opened, we already opened it at this time, and then the systematic work began not only to stop the further opening of the archive, but to close it back, a special commission was created, which reclassified the documents, including the documents that also related to chernobyl disaster, so i am very glad that after the victory of the revolution of dignity we still managed to complete this work, we prepared as ukrainian... national memory a whole package of laws on decommunization, one of them just concerned the opening of the kgb archives, there were adopted in 2015, and the actual book you are talking about is the book chornobyl dossier, a two-volume collection of kgb documents, which was published with the cooperation of the archives of the security service of ukraine and the ukrainian institute of national remembrance, these are wonderful documents, of which, for me personally, the most interesting documents are precisely those documents, not those that tell about what happened before...

the accident, what happened during the accident, and what happened after the accident, that is, how purposefully the communist special services tried to restrain the spread of information and, on the contrary, launch some fakes that nothing terrible actually happened. very often, by the way, the methods that mr. volodymyr talks about, the actual concealment of information, are paralleled with similar methods during the implementation. to the soviet sea regime, for example, in one of your articles, more precisely one of your articles about chernobyl , it is called first information radiation, and then, yes, you actually analyzed in detail the extent to which this information blockade took place, that is, to what extent in every city, in every village, in kgb agents were actually operating on every street, gathering information. and

they tried to ensure that it spread among society, and by the way, this did not happen only, relatively speaking, a month, two or three after chornobyl disasters, this happened systematically during the following years, until the collapse of the soviet union, firstly, is it correct that we are talking about parallels with the holodomors, and yet, if we say so... we say, did the soviet union use, for example, foreign journalists or some foreign experts in order to hide this information about the consequences of the chernobyl disaster. in fact , the methodologies are completely similar, that is, their essence was reduced to two goals, one is to restrain the spread of true information, the second is to direct information in the direction necessary for...

the regime, i.e. to fill it with all kinds of fakes and disinformation, the only difference is that when we talk about the holodomor, it happened in... a completely totalitarian state that had just been formed, which was completely controlled, all manifestations of citizens' lives were controlled by the authorities, then, when we talk about chernobyl, it is still a very late soviet union covered with cracks, covered with some initiatives there, even from the very top by mikhail gorbachev about democratization, publicity and so on, so these technologies, which have worked, have worked effectively. it was also used in suppressing the truth about the holodomor, in the spread of lies about the holodomor, in the issue of the chernobyl accident, but they simply did not work effectively, there were cases when journalists were transported specifically in order to show that in fact there was no threat,

that is, that people can return, that it will be possible to live here, but again, this is still the period of 1986, the period... when the soviet power was weaker, and the opportunities to get some information in ukraine, even from the west, the same radio, the same so -called enemy voices, radio liberty or the voice of america, were much larger, this was not the case in the 30s, and in the end, despite those the colossal resources and efforts that the communist government threw at spreading the truth, at stopping the spread of true information, at spreading actual fakes, they didn't... work , even if we still have kgb documents in 1987 that talk about successful attempts to interfere with some rallies that were preparing for the anniversary after the chernobyl accident in 1987 , various kinds of activists failed, then in 1988 the kgb

failed, in 1988 the first rally, unauthorized by the soviet authorities, took place on the second anniversary of the second anniversary of chernobyl. accident and it is very symbolic that this event became one of the first such events to reveal democracy already in ukraine, why did this happen, why did this environmental topic, the topic of the disaster, become such a powerful force for many people to reject the soviet identity, because became it's clear that the government is lying, it's become clear that this lie can just kill and it's become clear that... uh, this is such a conditional social contract that existed in the soviet union, about what, uh, well , we, uh, give, give you our freedom, you take away our freedom, but in return you give us some sense of security, that it's violated by the government, that people who uh, put up with the fact that they don't

have the freedom to access information, but believed the authorities and did what the authorities said, they suffered the most, they were the ones who were sure that nothing terrible had happened, they were the ones who... thought that the authorities would protect them, and actually this did not happen, these people suffered, and this, and this became a terrible blow for many residents, then still owls of ukraine, who understood what a world of lies, what a dangerous lie they live in, and these first rallies since 1988 led to the emergence of a powerful ecological component in russia, which was opposed to the soviet government , moreover, they were exclusively political, that is... dissidents, former political prisoners, but the appearance in this narrative of the struggle against the soviet government, the ecological movement gave it a very powerful push forward and brought it to the world level, because the trouble that happened in ukraine began to be talked about in the world,

because the trouble that happened in ukraine began to speak ukrainians far outside the borders of ukraine in order to remind once again that this trouble happened precisely because ukrainians do not have their own state, this trouble happened because it is totalitarian here. the occupying soviet power, so that in fact ukraine is occupied, but very much so an interesting thing, we come to the point that in fact the chernobyl disaster became such a trigger for the collapse of the soviet union, you agree with this thesis, of course without diminishing the essence of the actions of, for example, our dissidents, the sixties, the liberation movement, we do not diminish, we do not diminish , but one must understand that movements, these political movements. dissidents, participants of the national democratic movement, since mostly political movements, well, they were not mass, that is, they were intellectual people and gathered around themselves rather such people intellectually prepared and ready

for some such radical steps, because they perfectly understood what it means for them, instead, the chernobyl disaster mobilized many more people, it pushed them to protest. against the government, which betrayed them, lied to them, ordinary people who, probably, would never have specifically joined any political processes, so she really added to this anti-soviet. the national-democratic mass movement, which had not existed before in this movement, he was just gaining momentum, and it was this impetus that gave him, well, a lot, gave him the opportunity to go to another level, and in one of your lectures you called this catastrophe named after lenin, or rather, even your lecture was called that it was the chernobyl disaster named after lenin, please explain this name. why did you mark it like that? well, first of all

, the official name of the chernobyl nuclear power plant itself is the chernobyl nuclear power plant named after volodymyrovich lenin, that is, of course, this was typical in the soviet union to be named after lenin. if we are talking about why the catastrophe named after lenin, it is because , for sure, if you look very deeply into the roots of this catastrophe, then they begin with lenin, that is, with this person who created this system, the totalitarian system, this communist regime, as a logical consequence which was also the cause of this accident. which could not have happened, as we said at the beginning of our conversation, given the way the construction of this power plant was approached, and the consequences of this accident, that is, they are also a logical consequence of this the system created by vladimir lenin, a completely closed system that did not provide for any dissemination of information, and for a long time was closed even for any help from the outside, that is, for a long time the soviet union rejected any support from the capitalist and.. . an event allegedly harmful to the people of the west, and

believing that it can cope with this problem itself, in the end, as time has shown, no, no, the soviet union did not cope with this problem either from the point of view of political than from from an ecological point of view, and only that the problem has already begun to be solved at the world level, allowing at least partially to overcome the consequences of this disaster. quality. year, a public figure, you have devoted a lot of time, years, to rethinking the narratives and views on the chernobyl disaster and on the date of commemoration of the victims of the chernobyl disaster. as the years go by, how should we perceive this date, this catastrophe, this terrible event in the history of mankind, because in the 90s... we perceived differently, and today already in times, in

that including the great war, including the occupation of one of the nuclear power plants by the rashists, how to perceive it today, how to present the correct narrative to society, what it is, how it is, how to explain to people, including future generations, i think, as one of the, unfortunately, natural consequences of functioning. of the totalitarian system in ukraine, this is not an accident, that is, it is the result of all this systemic work, and as an example of what can happen to people in a system that absolutely neglects people, and you absolutely rightly reminded that even now one of the atomic power plants, unfortunately, under by the russian occupiers, this is a very serious warning, because, as history shows, these people do not count with human lives,

and it is extremely important for us, talking about the chernobyl disaster of 1986, to warn the world against the one in whose hands such a powerful and a dangerous mechanism like a nuclear power plant, and why the whole world should unite now to make sure that chernobyl never happens again, because until then... there will be russians, russian troops, russian authorities, unfortunately, there are no guarantees that chernobyl will not happen again. you and i mentioned the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, now it hurts many people, all of us, because we do not know what can happen at any moment, in fact, this is the attitude of the russians towards the situation at the zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the attitude towards people, who work there. in general, absolutely negligent, negligent attitude and constant provocations that they

carry out, this can be considered as a certain succession even here in russia in relation to the soviet union, absolutely, among those of the materials that we published are obviously the materials of the investigation into the causes of the accident that happened on april 26, 1986, and in the end all possible theories about ... some kind of terrorist attack and so on were rejected, and we came to a simple, but very specific the conclusion that the accident was the result of the negligence of employees, the result of a completely careless culture, there even. such a word was used, which prevailed among the workers who considered it possible to do some things that eventually led to an accident, what is happening now, unfortunately, in zaporizhzhia power plants, it is also obvious that we are talking about the same culture, but unfortunately, the situation may be more dangerous in some respects, because the russians, as we saw after the explosion

of the kakhovskaya hydroelectric power station, are ready to use even such... objects civilian infrastructure as a weapon, mass destruction, as a mere tool for their terrorism, so the situation here is in some respects even worse than chernobyl. and in conclusion, what should we do to the ukrainians, the ukrainian state, the authorities, in order to explain to the world community, to explain in general to the whole civilized world and... the so-called world about what is happening now, so that we do not repeat this terrible disaster that happened at the chernobyl nuclear power station, already now in our time, during the great war in zaporozhye, to talk with the world, it seems to me that we really lack some kind of systematic information policy in the world, but i already mentioned today about the kakhovka hydroelectric power station, in my opinion, this is an example

of the complete failure of information communication of ukraine with the world, when so far the only marathon got together with some...messages, how to explain what happened, information has already gone out into the world that not everything is so clear, what russia needed, we need to talk about what is really happening now, in a context, a wider context of ukrainian history, it is very good that there are people who do this, there are books by serhiy plokhiy, there are already two books that tell about chernobyl, it is extremely important, there is a wonderful hbo series about chernobyl, which also tells about these events, but it must be explained that the connection between what is happening now. and those events which took place in the soviet past, because , unfortunately, in the west very often soviet history is viewed, was viewed, and to a large extent is viewed exclusively through the prism of some russian academic glasses, so we need to help our western academic environments to get rid of those soviet academic glasses, and i

think , that this is one of our missions, and this requires very systematic information support. on the part of the ukrainian state, i am very sorry that at such an important time for the country we do not have a foreign language, that is, in we have some poor houses of freedom, who first spoke russian, now ukrainian, but nevertheless, who definitely do not speak english, who definitely do not bring the necessary information about ukraine to the world, and do not convey very many pro-ukrainian narratives, from the ukrainian point of view dear mr. volodymyr, i am extremely grateful to you for... this conversation, regardless of how many years may pass since the chernobyl disaster, since april 26, 1986, we must remember, we must understand why it happened, and we we must take into account all the experience and all the problems we had in the past in order

not to repeat the mistakes in the present and most importantly in the future. thank you, congratulations, this is svoboda live on radio svoboda. we have already come to the snake itself. the following shots may shock you. news from the scene. live drone attacks, kamikaze. political analytics. objectively and meaningfully. there is no political season. exclusive. interviews, reports from the hottest points of the front. svoboda live frankly and impartially. you draw your own conclusions. watch this week's judicial control with tetyana shustrova in the program. contest to the constitutional court. as the candidate's nephew, he was promoted in the courts

where she worked. i cannot forbid him. but why does the contestant, a law professor, collect performers. the year has been difficult for all of us. congratulations, this is a program of judicial control, and as always, we are talking about the main reform, on which direction our european prospects depend. how is the new judiciary formed in ukraine? how is the competition to of the constitutional court of ukraine, and who can soon occupy a high position? about all this today, but first traditionally, before the news. judge of the makariv district court. oleksiy tandyr of the lviv region, who last year in a state of alcohol intoxication killed national guard soldier vadym bondarenko, who was on duty at the checkpoint at the entrance to kyiv, is allegedly trying to avoid it. punishment by mobilizing into the ranks of the armed forces of ukraine. for several months in a row, tandyr has been applying to the court with a corresponding request, he has expressed a desire to become a member deputy company commander in nizhynsk tro.

according to watchers media journalists , he even received a letter from the military unit about the readiness of the command to take him to their ranks as an officer of the psychological support and recovery group. but the judge rejected the request and tandir was kept in custody until june 2. note that the mobilization is quite... it is a common practice among judges involved in criminal cases. by joining the armed forces, they stop court proceedings against themselves. we will remind, in may 2023 in 2013, the head of the makariv district court of kyiv , oleksiy tandyr, on a lexus eu-350 , hit 22-year-old national guardsman vadym bondarenko, who was on duty at a checkpoint in kyiv, 3 minutes before the start of the curfew. at the last meeting of the second disciplinary chamber of the high council of justice regarding the tandyr case, a video from... the scene of the accident was made public. the footage shows how the judge opens the car door, gets out of the driver's seat, approaches the body of the fallen national guardsman and grabs his head, but then

tells the police that he is a passenger and calls them biased by people do i see signs of alcohol in you? tuyte, please, the device, you agreed to pass the test. you blocked me, i don't understand why, i think you are biased people. look, i think you are prejudiced people, you drove a vehicle, right or wrong, i don't know, you are the driver, no, who are you? i am the owner of the car, i did nothing, i was a passenger. at present, judge tandyr, although suspended from the administration of justice and is in a pre-trial detention center, has not yet been dismissed from his position and still receives a considerable salary, moreover, now he has a chance to simply escape from justice, mobilizing to the ranks of the zes. the supreme council of justice dismissed the head of the heniche district court. yulia berlimov of the region. after the start of the full-scale invasion of russia, berlimova went over to the side of the occupiers and is currently conducting proceedings under russian law, illegally

created by the russians in the henichetsk judicial body. another person was elected as the head of the occupation court, however, berlimova remains a judge there and probably received a russian passport. it is also known that the judge's husband, serhiy dobrovolskyi, cooperates with the occupation forces administration last year, in november, the vkk appointed a qualification assessment of the judge. of course, she did not show up for the interview. 238 candidates apply for positions in the higher anti-corruption court. 153 of them are for 15 positions in the first instance and 85 candidates want to sit in the seats in the appeals chamber of vax, among them 11 acting judges of the first instance of the higher anti-corruption court who want to transfer to the appeals chamber. at the first stage of selection , the suitability of candidates must be assessed by the higher qualification commission. for those who will pass if he is successful, qualification assessment and testing of personal moral and psychological qualities will await him. the commission should also elect members of the public council

of international experts for the competitive selection of candidates. the competition for the positions of vaks judges is planned to be completed by the end of the year. competitive selection of candidates for the positions of judges of the country's most important constitutional court of ukraine continues in ukraine. judges are chosen by a specially created. the body is an advisory group of experts to which international specialists are involved. they evaluate moral qualities and professional competence of applicants for a high position. 25 candidates took part in the first stage of the competition, experts admitted eight to the next stage. who got the chance to become a judge of the constitutional court of the country? this is the judge of the civil court of cassation of the supreme court of ukraine, alla oliinyk. she loves her family very much. the professional activity of a judge is very often intertwined with personal life. and it is sometimes impossible to determine where this limit is. from 2011 to 2015 , allainyk lived with her nephew in

one-room apartment in kyiv. at that time , the boy was studying at the kyiv national university of culture and arts, where, by a sudden coincidence, oliynyk was teaching. i did not take any exams from him, i did not communicate with anyone, and it would even be immoral for me, because i know that i am a judge, and for me... my reputation is quite important, on the contrary, these are strict requirements for training, for his behavior, indeed, in the third year i taught civil procedure to him, because i was the only teacher. on after graduating from the university, the nephew was looking for a job, but by coincidence he was able to get a job at the higher specialized court where his aunt worked, then he went to work at the kyiv court of appeals, where, as you might have already guessed, allainyk was a judge. a competition was announced, and i cannot forbid him if there is a competition and he wants to work, exercise his constitutional

right, that's why. he passed the competition and when there was a question of liquidation of the higher specialized court of ukraine for consideration of civil criminal cases, he was dismissed, the issue of work again became a question, i used to work in the kyiv court of appeals until 2007, it was the court of appeal of the city of kyiv, now, as stated, the successor is the kyiv court of appeals. in the 201st year , it seems. it was he who submitted the documents in the 21st year, he passed the competition, the competition was fair, in my opinion, because the tests were on computers. judge ala oliynyk does not see nepotism in the fact that her nephew studied and worked in institutions where she herself taught and worked. i never even thought about what it could be in the future such questions will arise for me so that it will be a doubt of my

integrity. the panel of judges, with the participation of ala oliynyk, made a number of decisions, which were later recognized by the european court of human rights as violating international obligations and the european convention on human rights, in particular due to the excessive length of court proceedings and the imperfection of national legislation. no judge in ukraine, i think, as well as in any other country, wants to participate in the adoption of a decision where the european court found a violation. or other provisions of the convention, just as it is said that every judge does not want to have some disciplinary procedure. of course, there are such solutions. experts stated that alla oliynyk's explanations, in particular, regarding her nephew's career growth, are not very convincing. nevertheless, it is believed that the judge meets the criterion of high moral qualities. oliynyk has passed to the next stage, and soon the commission will have to assess her professional competence.

a candidate for the post of judge of the constitutional court of ukraine also made it to the next stage, serhiy riznyk, vice-rector of ivan franko national university of lviv, professor of constitutional law. he collects executive proceedings, in particular for violations of traffic rules. both the judge and the candidate for the position of judge of the constitutional court must treat traffic rules with great respect. serhiy riznyk has accumulated as many as 18 fines for traffic violations over the past two years. among them are speed limit violations and improper parking. and phone conversations while driving. riznyk himself is proud that every year he receives an average of two or three fines. and only 2022 turned out to be so fruitful. this is the 22nd year of violations and in the 23rd year there are three again, two of which are parking violations. disruption for violations is 15 fines per year, a significant number. the 22nd year turned out to be difficult for all of us.

we... uh, and i, in particular, had a very long work schedule, a significant workload with foreign students in the conditions of attacks, in addition, we made several such serious long trips, well, let's say, to kyiv and a little further, in order to transfer foreign humanitarian aid help our colleagues, we overcame there for 1,500 km at a time, the drivers changed, i do not rule out that it was not me who could have allowed such violations, serhii riznyk does not own real estate. instead, it has a lot of savings. $68,00 in cash as of 2020. wife, small children, i understand that you were the main breadwinner of the family, what are the sources of these funds. as of 20, at the end of the 20th year, at that moment there was this amount of funds. unfortunately, it is already significantly less for this period of time, as expenses were postponed, but, frankly. then i will say that from the point

vision, even as we say a reasonable, outside observer, for 20 years of life, with the modest way of life that our family led, this is a normal amount. serhii riznyk explains that he was able to save a significant amount during 10 years of marriage, even before the children appeared. parents also helped with products from the village. our family has not purchased any real estate anywhere, we have not purchased any. the car is more expensive there by 11 thousand dollars and it was once, and the second one cost 6 or 700 dollars there in general, after the sale of the first one, we practically for the entire period time, we once went on a trip abroad with our children, i say once again, i am not proud of it, because we have to find time for the family, for such expenses, but we lived economically, our parents helped us with natural products, here in ukraine that's enough