with the help of a telephone survey, turn on and turn on, the verdict with serhii rudenko, every weekday from 8 to 10 pm on espresso. moscow spared no expense to promote its culture. russian culture was imposed on us as the culture of a superior nation. tchaikovsky's name in the name of the kyiv conservatory ominously looms over the symbolic. cemetery on the maidan, mocks the memory of the dead and warns the living. we will be back. information day of the tv channel in rospol. 16:30 minute. oleksiy haran, professor of political science at kyiv-mohyla university academy, scientific director of the democratic initiatives foundation named after ilko kucheriv. come with us. glory to ukraine, mr. professor.

professor, can you hear us? yes, i hear very well. glory to ukraine, mr. professor, glad to see you. glory to heroes. i forgot to add, a long-term participant of all possible protest actions dedicated to the support of democracy in ukraine. yes, it is not only about the last square. well, actually we would like to ask you about the general. the temperature in our all-ukrainian chamber, yes, well, we are talking about sociology, and about moods, and about certain ones, yes so to speak, the conclusions, well , kmis conducted an important survey, in particular, it turned out that ukrainians have changed now and want a democratic system more than a strong leader, and this is quite paradoxical news in principle, because during the war, well, relatively speaking, there was a feeling that everyone would want a certain... such a specific strong

leader, but, but, but, ukrainians, well, i don't know if this is some kind of intra-ukrainian desire for democracy or something else? i would like to ask you to now develop an analysis of which one countries in the political dimension would our fellow citizens want? yes, i will give this analysis now, yes, the only thing i wanted to say is that it would be easier for me to comment on the results of our survey on the same topic, because we have these numbers in my... let's start with your survey, the numbers in the head it remains only to voice them, by the way, they do not contradict each other, so look, after the start of the war, we conducted a survey, it was in august of the 22nd year, i remember these numbers, it means the number of people who believed that democracy is the best system 64%, and by the number of... people who believed that, under

certain conditions, authoritarian methods could be better, they made up 14%, that is, 64% against 14 percent, well, you know, this is such a figure that any european european country would envy, therefore, it is what it was. you mean polls, which were recent polls, and you cited the kmis poll, we , er, conducted a poll at the end of march, there we asked the question not democracy against authoritarianism, but democracy, the rule of law, laws, one, and the other - this is the so-called a strong hand that takes... on everything, that means

that takes on everything for everything, takes on everything and decides everything at once, promises everything, so to speak, well, i would not like to draw certain analogies, yes, well, but but, but, that is , there is no tendency towards authoritarianism on the part of our citizens, they don’t want to, but anyway, we have a certain situation, here we have, here we have such, that is, we formulated it like this, on the one hand, that only elected democracy, the rule of law and... an independent court will be able to ensure the order of 42%, and 19%, instead, say that all power and responsibility should be taken a strong leader and his political power, and between them there is 23% that it is necessary to somehow combine this, which means that many, by the way, the media and in the comments appeared, there was such a point of view that this... indicates to sliding into

authoritarianism, no, it does not indicate, because if we even analyze this wording, all power and responsibility must be taken by a strong political leader and... geopolitical power, do you know where such a model exists? in great britain, for example, where there is a one-party government, right? the one-party government has everything in its hands hands, the opposition can, professor, well, i do not want to fall into historical analogies, so to speak, and during the war, 100 years ago, during the first world war, the british refused a one-party government, they did it deliberately and formed a powerful coalition government. so the british are also a wise people, well , i think that when we are asked questions, but look, it was not like that in all countries, i should make a coalition government, i would think that it was necessary, it would be, if a beautiful a way out of this discussion that we don't have

will be, the presidential elections are postponed, and that it was right, that is... when we talk about a strong leader and that all the responsibility rests on him and his political political power is not necessarily authoritarianism, it can be degol, for example, yes, it could be thatcher, it could be reagan and so on, but we know that yes, in some countries this is possible, that is, a strong hand with the preservation of democracy, in others it begins with a creep into authoritarianism, let's talk about this in more detail, sir . oleksiy, because there are certain ones figures that show that currently the majority of ukrainians still consider the country democratic, although one in seven now believes that ukraine is a dictatorial country, these are the figures provided by the kyiv international institute of sociology conducted in february,

the survey says that 57 % believe that ukraine is more or less democratic, while 13 are convinced that ukraine is more or less a dictatorial country. well, unfortunately, we don't. dynamics, so here it would be good to look at people's moods, who were there before the war or at the beginning of a full-scale invasion, unfortunately, we do not have a tendency, but this, but it would be speeches with that, because we understand that the longer the war lasts, the more certain rights and freedoms of people will have to be restricted, eh, that's why there is a certain category of people, yes, who perceive it very critically, but we understand that war dictates its own rules, well, accordingly, the state... at certain moments restricts certain rights and freedom, how you react to these numbers, what you can about tell them? well, again, here in principle, if we talk about the numbers that you filled, how many 7% believe that we have a dictatorship, yes, every seventh, 14, every 14%, and what kind of

democracy are we, what kind of democracy 57, that is, the majority of ukrainians still think that the state does, well , these are exactly the same numbers that i just gave you when we asked ukrainians, and what’s better, we had 64 to 14, yes, that is, that is, the survey is just right record that ukrainians are not prone to dictatorship, and even in the case when they are offered, they are offered strongly. to choose between a strong leader and elected democracy, the rule of law, they still choose elected democracy and the rule of law, and that is why i don't really see a big threat here, people will not fall into authoritarianism, this is

uncharacteristic of ukrainians, it is uncharacteristic of them peacemaker, i must have phrased the question incorrectly, or maybe you did. you misunderstood me , i meant the fact that, despite the fact that we have certain restrictions on rights and freedoms, there is still a part of people who still think that we are democracy, yes, although if we open social networks now, we see a lot of comments with such very er, you know, slogans directly about the fact that we have a dictatorship and so on and the like, but we, if we rely on sociology, the same we see what the real situation looks like. which, after all, well , if ukrainians do not think that despite the restrictions, they live in a country that restricts them there, and it can be as dictatorial, you can joke like that, if we see, and in internet sources free criticism, free

criticism of the government and statements that we do not have democracy, and dictatorship, and these, say, youtube sites are not blocked, then this shows that we have the freedom to cover. and there are still such, golden words, come on, please, i say, golden words, you say, come on, yes, and i want to say such a thing, so, definitely, definitely, well, we are all for... we condemn the fact that espresso, direct and fifth, were excluded from the number, we all condemn, let's say, the manipulation of the single marathon, and especially the fact that now there have been talks about excluding the public one from the marathon, we know, we have examples, examples of pressure on journalists, how we react to it, we react to it with sharp criticism, and this criticism is heard in... actually everywhere, yes, it is not heard in a single marathon, but, well, listen, i have

the whole time is on express, yes, sometimes i switch it direct, i don’t watch the only marathon, if you open, again, i ’m not talking about youtube and telegram, and by the way, according to our survey, the main sources from where ukrainians get information about war, it's telegram and... youtube, and in my opinion, it's a lot and it's very bad, actually, because there are a lot of scandals, unverified information, fakes and just manipulation, including from russia, but let's face it, if we open any internet, a serious internet publication , the ukrainian right, mirrors, nv, the left bank and so on, well, everywhere there is criticism of the government, criticism of the government's decision. somewhere they say that it is done correctly, somewhere, but they say that this is done incorrectly, that is, in fact, this,

despite these facts that i have given, are bad facts, and we know and talk about all of them, but in in general, we really do have a level, well at least freedom, freedom to criticize the government, we have it, mr. professor, so i agree with you, you have noted extraordinary points, but if we are talking, you know about such a... broad in-depth sociology at the level of instincts, yes, ukrainians, they have become more responsible and wiser, yes, when we talk about the importance of making certain decisions, well, for example, with the consent of what is called the spirit of the nation, well, look, here is already our research, and when we we ask whether you agree with the statement that are the people wiser? behind the field for politicians, and therefore politicians should only follow the will of the people, people say yes, huh, do you agree

that the opinion of ordinary people is more important than the opinion of professional, professional politicians and experts, the people mostly say yes, that is, we see there is a tendency towards populism, this is a threat, but here is what is interesting... that when we ask the question, well, by the way, just like who do you want , do you want the country to be governed by whom, people with peoples or representatives of the ruling elite , people say, people from the people, and we we know what happened under these slogans in 2019, but when we ask, what do you want, do you want a citizen from the street to represent you in politics? well, we ask an average citizen or a professional politician, and here this dynamic, it changes,

that is, it practically equalizes, that is, it is also very interesting that when it comes to such abstract questions, who is better, well, it is clear that our elite are generally all bad, this term is discredited, that the people are better, the people will say how they tie the knot and so on and so on, but when you i ask people... do you want someone to represent you, to protect your interests in the parliament, and here these parameters are already equalized, yes, when it comes to responsibility, they want professionals to bear responsibility, oleksiy haran, professor of political science of the kyiv-mohyla academy, the scientific director of the democratic initiatives foundation named after ilko kuchariv was with us on the air, antin and i are saying goodbye, yes, we are going for the weekend, we will continue working for you on monday, our colleagues from... remain in order for you to inform about the most important events, so be with espresso, take care of yourself and all

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can express your opinion to the malice of the day with the help of a telephone survey, the verdict with serhii ruden. every weekday from 20 to 22. but unfortunately, the positions of the ukrainian army on the front did not get better, the enemy has a quantitative advantage in everything, from manpower to shells and equipment. they just destroy us there and that's it. a lot of shells are falling. for

one of our shells, they release 10. one of the main reasons is that aid to ukraine from the union is often late. therefore, the development of our own military complex is not the main task of the entire rear of our state. the ukrainian defense-industrial complex meets only part of the needs of the ukrainian army. some say that it satisfies them somewhere at a maximum of 8% needs others say that in certain categories, when we talk about such new directions as the creation of fpv drones, there the need is met by 50 to 70 percent. to speed up defense production and protect it from. occupiers in 2022. the government of ukraine launched two programs: relocation of business to safe regions and withdrawal of strategic enterprises for the benefit of the state. decision on alienation. of state assets of strategically important enterprises of the state 6.11 strategic assets were alienated important facilities, including motorsich, zaporozhye transformer, autokras, ukrnafta,

ukrtatnafta. to date, neither we, nor lawyers, no one has seen any official document on this account, i have not seen an official one, whether it is seizure or nationalization, this is roman chernyak, before the seizure of autocracy in favor of the state, he was a general. the director of the enterprise has the honorary title of honored machine builder of ukraine. our products were fully competitive on the world market. we competed directly , there were more than 10 in the same thailand firms entered the tender at the same time. at the last stage, we were left with a mana of two, which we defeated man. and in royal thaiska. for the first time in history , red cars went to the army. roman chernyak from sum mentions the samples that the plant produced for the defense needs of ukraine, in particular the chassis for

the famous neptun coastal missile complex, which sank the flagship of the enemy black sea fleet, the cruiser moscow, as well as the power plant for the sau bohdan, which played a key role in the ousting of russian troops from zmiiny island. more than 50 types of names. different weapons were mastered by kraz in different degrees. the latest developments we have made are combat vehicles. it is based on the bm-21 of the grad installation, er, a car that we made with a two-row cabin, where the entire crew is under the roof. but despite numerous developments and exports, the plant was in a difficult situation. enterprise. received meager state orders for defense products, and those at low prices, which complicated the situation with terms of execution, and debts to

creditors were given. in 2020, the guarantee fund deposits put the plant's property up for sale. at that time, autocrash debts reached uah 10.5 billion. in certain years, when long-distance exports were weak, supplies to russia amounted to 95%. we had to give up both suppliers and consumers of our cars, not only in russia, russia, belarus, kazakhstan. autokras deliberately refused the russian market with the beginning of the war in 2014, and instead of supporting the company in difficult conditions, continues roman chernyak, the state represented by the ministry of defense and ukroboronprom on the contrary minimized the finances directed to the plant. polkova an agricultural machine, we made it together with the kryukiv factory, the military made it, ordered it, ordered us this machine,

we made it, invested tens of thousands of dollars in it, because it is an armored car, did tests, put everything into service, then the military spread their hands, we don't have money, and this is not the first need, this is so, it turns out... supposedly there were, but later they were simply refused, as reported by the military internet resource, in 2021 autokras supplied only three trucks to the defense forces. in the 14th year, i will say, we had a lot of patriotism and worked on patriotism. when the svynarchuks came to power, everyone immediately became a businessman. everything should have changed with the beginning of a full-scale russian invasion of the company, which... developed dozens of samples of power plants for the armed forces, was waiting for a high-quality resumption of work with the participation of the state, but at the end of 2022, the state simply withdrew

100% of the shares of autocraz and transferred the company to the ministry of defense . one and a half years have passed, and it is not known for certain whether the forced alienation of the autocrash capacities benefited the armed forces. currently, due to the war, the defense department almost does not disclose data on the restoration of the company's work, and in... in response to our information request, it was reported that the management of the joint-stock company has undergone significant changes. since the alienation of the aforementioned corporate rights in favor of the state, the ministry of defense, as a representative of the shareholder, the state, ensured that the necessary changes were made to the founding documents of the company, the election new composition of their management bodies, supervisory board, executive body, and operational control over the company. which created the conditions for effective management of corporate rights and prompt response to the needs of the state under martial law. and what about efficient

production? in conditions of war. we visited kremenchuk and found out that the plant continues to work. we learned from our own sources that the team receives a salary, but loading the autocrash is far from its production capacity. the company fulfills the order for defense needs, in particular in cooperation with other domestic companies, for example, with ukrainian armored vehicles - its director vladyslav belbas said in an interview with apostrophe tv. we have now started, for example, work with... with the kras state plant, and we, as the initiator of this work, but also, let's say this, and and and the implementer, that is, it is somehow controlled, and this is stimulated, and this, let's say this , there is a certain implementation, common. a certain implementation is an order of hundreds of units of equipment, while most contracts for the manufacture and supply of power plants for the ukrainian army since

2000. in the 14th year, czech and even belarusian manufacturers tatra and mas. it turns out that instead of burdening the domestic enterprise with work, the state purchased equipment, in particular from one of the countries that became the aggressor, and significantly overpaid the european manufacturer for it, now tatra continues to receive the majority of orders for chassis. how can you buy such an 8x8 kraz for 100 thousand dollars, and here is literally a passage. small period of time and the following car is already delivered to the theater for 350 there 450 thousand dollars. the so-called nationalization did not affect the modernization of the autocrash, the equipment, as in the last 10 years, is almost not updated, moreover, the plant in kremenchuk is constantly exposed to enemy fire. the government never included the company in the business relocation program, the regions are safer. some enterprises

continue to grow. shovan in places that are dangerous to strike, the relocation of these enterprises remains a significant problem, and neither the ministry of technology, nor the ukroboronprom, nor the ministry of defense, in fact, did not contribute to this, so that these enterprises were transferred, relocated to safe places. meanwhile , the need for the plant's products at the front did not disappear anywhere. volunteers are looking for cars abroad to convert them. and hand over to the soldiers on the front line, and therefore the capacity of the plant is currently not being used enough, and the domestic military industry has room to grow.

it's 5 p.m. in ukraine and we have a news release on the espresso tv channel in the studio of iryna koval. greetings to all viewers. there is currently no threat of a ground invasion of kharkiv - assured the local authorities. like, the enemy doesn't... have enough potential for that. the enemy's counteroffensive launched in the morning in kharkiv oblast was stopped. this was confirmed by volodymyr zelenskyi. he also added that heavy fighting is ongoing on the front lines. to strengthen the defense on this part of the front, reserve units have been sent. meanwhile, the deep state map of hostilities marks a gray area in front of the border from the ukrainian side. according to these maps, the armed forces of ukraine withdrew from