greetings, it's news time on the tv channel, kateryna is working in the studio. belt. already 16 people have died as a result of the enemy attack on kharkiv. another 43 people were injured, oleg synigubov, the head of the regional military administration, said. currently, 17 people are considered missing, including nine men and eight women. the police also continue to identify the victims. more than 10 people who are looking for their relatives contacted the operative headquarters working on the spot. they submitted dna samples. reminding

yesterday, the russians took aim at construction city ​​hypermarket with two aerial bombs. an advantage in weapons: russia produces shells three times faster than europe and the united states, the skynews news agency reports with reference to the analysis of a consulting company. therefore, despite the sanctions for the current year, refia is able to produce about 4.5 million shells. at the same time, the production capacity. western allies are only 1,300,000. in addition , the occupiers produce ammunition 75% cheaper. according to analysts, russia currently has a fivefold advantage in artillery projectiles the drone strike in russia continues. the iranian mohajer 6 drone fell in the kursk region. it was carrying guided bombs on hangers, local media reported. let me remind you, the enemy. adopted this iranian

drone back in 2022, and again something happened in russia, in rostov-on-don, a dry cargo crashed into the span of a railway bridge over the don river. this is reported by the russian media. the steamboat allegedly lost control, so it ended up in shallow water. as a result of the collision, the ship lost its wheelhouse. the extent of the damage to the bridge is currently unknown. let me remind you, this is what the railway is. russians are delivering military cargo to the temporarily occupied crimea. internal political conflict in georgia. the georgian prime minister called the president a traitor. in his speech on the independence day of the country, irakli kobakitse said: despite challenges and numerous betrayals, including by the president of georgia, we have managed to maintain peace in the country for the past two years. the prime minister also expressed hope that... by 2030

, georgia will be able to become a full member of the european family, together with the abkhaz and osatyn brothers. at the same time , the president of georgia, soloma zorabeshvili, during her speech, called on citizens not to give in to hopelessness against the backdrop of recent events in the country. today is the second round of presidential elections in lithuania. the current president of the country gitanas is competing for the position. naoseda and prime minister ingrid shemonite. in the first round , almost 44% of voters voted for naoseda, and shemonita won almost 20%. both candidates support ukraine in the war with russia and favor increased defense spending. it is difficult to overestimate the skills of first aid in the conditions of war, because in critical situations every second counts...

and the right actions can save lives. let's see in the story how the people of belarus learned to stop bleeding and perform artificial respiration. oleksandria park, a lawn and many people, but they all gathered here not just to relax. and to learn the basics of first aid, which is extremely important in the current conditions. the free three-hour course was organized by the belotserk medical college for convenience. the territory was divided into zones: basic life support and stopping critical bleeding. in total, almost 200 citizens joined the intensive. as a doctor and a former student of a medical college and medical university, i know that it is the skills and knowledge of first aid that are given such a formal meaning, and the youth mostly do not possess this knowledge and of course the skills. and in these conditions, i think, in the next... years, having such

a neighbor, having such a background, each generation has, well, it is, as they say, masth, yes absolutely everyone should have this knowledge. of course, the instructors from the emergency medical care center not only told, but also demonstrated everything on the mannequin, then they made up a story on themselves, for example, that they noticed a motionless man in the park. in order to transfer the patient to a stable lateral position, there is a certain technique, what do we do? one hand, well, we withdraw one hand like this, we take the other in a lock, we bring it under the shock of the patient, like this , then the knee with... the free hand is absolutely correct, we bring the knees under at a right angle, we create such a lever for ourselves, and with one movement, pressing this lever, we turn the patient to the hand that was placed under the shuka. artur has been working in the ambulance for seven years and no one understands the importance of first aid, as the man says,

during this period he had to solve various problems, from simple cuts and road accidents to childbirth at home, but he probably remembered the most. work after another russian attack on october 10, 2022. photos with arthur then flew around the world. we worked with everyone who wanted to be correct compressions, where to press, with what frequency to press, how to press, how to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs in patients who need resuscitation measures, what devices are used for this. the people of bilotserki willingly participated in... work on applying a tourniquet, tamponing a wound and other things, they say, the event was really useful. i once attended a similar event, i wanted to remember, to update my knowledge, because now there are many new, well, new things in medical care, in first medical care,

it’s interesting, because we live in such a time, now it’s relevant for us, and well, we need to be in the topic, medicine, it is a part of our life. i learned a lot of new things, all the most basic needs of first aid, i came, of course, nowadays you need to know, of course, how to apply tourniquets and all these banal things. yaroslav hopatsa, oleksandr kuga, espresso, bila tserkva. and we urge you to join the urgent collection. scouts need a reliable off-road vehicle for missions in the war zone. soldiers use cars to move around positions and transport ammunition, and yes... cars are launched drones it remains to buy the necessary transport already in ukraine and transfer it to the front. in general, our goal is uah 300,000. thanks to you, we have already managed to collect more than uah 240,000. you can see all the necessary details on your screens now, so scan and

find them. that's all the news i have for now, let's stop at this hour. to learn more interesting and up-to-date information, follow updates on our website. and also in our social networks, we will see each other in less than an hour , congratulations, good evening, my name is myroslava barchuk, this is a program of my own names, joint project at the ukrainian pen and tv channel. today we will talk about solomiya pavlychka, literary critic, translator, who in her 41 years of life managed to make, i would say without exaggeration, a breakthrough in ukrainian culture, in literature, in literary criticism and

culture in general. i did it at a time when the feminist approach to literary studies was physical, psychoanalytic, and psychological. was simply unthinkable when the word sexuality was generally unacceptable in literary studies, today we will talk about solomiya pavlychko with my guest vira ageyeva, a literary critic, a teacher at the kyiv magician academy, is visiting us. thank you ms. vera for coming to us. hello, congratulations. so, before you and i are going to mention a lot today, talk a lot about solomiya, and you were friends with her, i saw her. always like a very distant star, i heard her for the first time at the mau, the first international, this is what the first association of ukrainians was called, in the 90s, and we will definitely talk about the name of the report that solomie gave, but

in order to understand what the breakthrough is, that's why that we now already perceive everything that i have just mentioned, so these approaches to literature that she applied, for us it is already... usual, even more so for the younger generation, which was ukrainian soviet before her literary studies, what was it? ukrainian soviet literary studies was so-so... and a pathetic affirmation of soviet values , period, that is, it was boring to read, it was, you know, for me, it is a little difficult for me to talk about it, we are the same age as solomiya, we belong to the same generation, we are very close friends, but i was a graduate student of leonid novichenko, leonid novichenko was an academician at the time, he was, and he was truly the most outstanding writer of ours, and leonid mykolayovych, to whom i owe everything, i am indebted to him... for many things he taught me to write , but he, as i now understand, he is in

order to prove, i wrote a book about rytsky, well, the best book about rytsky was a book, was the poetic world of maksym rydsky, liina novychenko in order to write, to prove, that relsky is a soviet poet, that is, novichenko writes a story about how rylsky becomes a soviet poet, i did not forget about the helmeted pavlychka, and for this he falsifies the facts, he... hides something, and here we are, that is, apart from the fact that it was uninteresting, it cannot be interesting if it's lying, i'm sorry, but besides that, we were 27 or 28 years old then, we were truth-seekers, and we couldn't accept this lie, this falsity, first of all, we didn't accept the lie, well, except that it was boring, unintellectual, with some logical ones torn out, it was simply lying, and here - well, the moment when our generation was very lucky, i think, is the moment when we are not yet 30, and suddenly from the planet dp

came ships, flew in planes, many books that can be read, solomia was a person who , she, she had a foreign education, she, she is a specialist in english literature, and here she knows very well the western, western context, which, let's say, i have, as a ukrainian scholar. there was no, and of course, this is solomiya, she had an incredible job, here she is, i think, no one, like her, after that, well, at least few people work like that, she worked a lot with the environment, she didn't, she wanted, she didn't want to be a lone star in the sky, but she didn't have it, oddly enough, she didn't want to be a lone star in the sky, she wanted to create constellations and galaxies , how did she do it, that’s all, she carried books, she brought them from the west, she carried books, gave them to us, gave them to everyone to read, wrote recommendations to someone there, well , she wasted her time writing recommendations to some student there , who

wants to go to the west, one day solya to me she complained, she damaged the car there, she drove like crazy, and what, what were you driving, and i had to give a recommendation to the child, well, that’s it, that is, and we lived next to each other, and here it is, if you would listen to us , i don't know how many times we found and ran into her there... but if we were to listen to our conversations at that time just like that on the street, then people would have to think that olga kobylyanska was talking about the connections about whose love we we're talking, it's some close friend of ours, a neighbor, about whom we gossip, what exactly solomiya changed pavlychko and what changed, well, here we are then, here is what writers not only wrote and not only for, that is, there was, there was, there was this dominant so-and-so... here is the instruction, what ukrainian writers did, they fought for the happiness of the workers, period, they

didn't do a damn thing anymore, i'm sorry, they just fought for happiness, they didn't have a body, they didn't have a body, they didn't have love, they didn't have any interests, we didn't know that they read where they were, and here, here we are, that is , solomia began to write about ukrainian classics, since she wrote a book about byron, and then she also began to write about lysia ukrainka, and of course this caused. this caused indignation, how did she, excuse me, now we will talk about the lesson, that is, solomiya worked at the institute of literature in the department of foreign literature, this is a good plot, this is a good plot, slovia worked in the department of foreign literature, and she it was, to be honest, uncomfortable, because in the structures at that time, it was russian-speaking, mostly her colleagues, that is, the ukrainian department. i will come to them and

ask them to defend my doctorate, i will not go to ask them, and she went to the department of the theory of literature, which was ukrainian-speaking, and defended her doctoral dissertation on theory, not from abroad, also strategy, by the way, so you see, solonia broke canons, broke ideas, and... well, from her everything started as a measure of breaking ideas, now it's time to ask about my impression, so the 90th year. i remember that it was summer, and actually at the first congress of the international association of ukraine, so ukrainianists in kyiv, where they were present, and i so understand, i remember that grabovych was also there, as well as shvelel and shevelyov, that is, everyone, everyone, all the stars of ukrainian studies, and solomiya gives a speech called

ukrainian romanticism as an aesthetic impasse, and then i remember that i was still a student and... it shocked us, because we were children who grew up, because it was precisely this wave of national revival and this, and this is all our everything, our best, ours deserve nobel prizes, we have the best culture in the world, and suddenly she, she speaks with the way all this was perceived at the institute of literature generally in an academic environment then, in the academic environment, it was perceived badly, but it was... you see, our parents, well, generationally, they were in their sixties, in fact, and they had a good life in their own way, in what sense, well, at least in the essence of literature, they - they had a good life, they loved, they loved this

culture, they loved ukraine and they, they believed that they were fulfilling their duty to traditional culture, that is, they. but here they are, well, write a nice sequel and you have fulfilled your duty, they, and that 's all, well, it's impossible to read these stories, that's all what was written is impossible to read, well , except for a few here and there, well, you can still read the poetic world of maksymskyi novichenko, but this is probably the only book that you can from all that, that is, suddenly say something bad about ukrainian culture here, say, well actually, but come on, let's first explain what bad she said about ukrainian , she didn't say bad things, she said good things, and that is, why was it perceived as bad when the book discourse of modernism in ukrainian literature was published, this is her doctoral dissertation, so popular

deputy borys oliynyk cursed from the parliamentary rostrum. the author from the parliamentary rostrum, she blasphemed, she said that the young muse poets are bad poets, and this is the sincere truth, it is the absolute truth, the young muse poets are all bad poets, the young muse did not have a good poet, again, that ukrainian literature is not intellectual enough, ukrainian literature is not intellectual enough, ukrainian literature lacks many things. well, this is despite the fact that it is necessary to understand, and solomiya understood it later, she laughed a little, she was a little too much, well in in some specific assessments, she may be too radical in the discourse of modernism, well, we almost quarreled with her a lot about what i thought, i always told her that solya, you do not overestimate the wave, she said, well, i will think about it, i i still read domantovych, domantovych - it was her passion, solomia

considered dumantovych the best author, she the best of our novelists, she loved dumantovych and... the gravedigger the most, and well, romanticism as an aesthetic dead end, well, this is a very good definition, i like him i want to use it all my life, because romanticism after all, it ended somewhere in the middle of the 19th century in western literature, in our country it lasted almost until oles honchar, and this is the curse of ukrainian literature, which is only romantic, sunny and at the same time quite stupid, i apologize... well, it is like that the nearby, sunny, lyrical, ukrainian language is a language in which you can write about volozhki and the rye there and nothing else, yes, that is, it, on the one hand, we lacked this intellectualism, and on the other hand, we discovered it then, because actually our literature it wasn't like that, and that's why lesya ukrainka ended up in the center, and therefore, i assure you, that when we

started, lesya ukrainka was not such a central canonical... as for the matter, i will definitely ask about the language, so that you can only write in ukrainian about cornflowers and daisies, i will definitely ask, this will be the next question, but now i will return to it, this definition belongs to it, that this is ukrainian literature - it is the literature of revenge, despite cornflowers and chamomile, yes, it is literature of revenge. what did she mean, what was it? she wrote a lot and so did we there was a lot of talk about it, again, now it seems more obvious, but then it was absolutely groundbreaking, she started talking about ukrainian, she... she had to write a book, she won a prize for it, then she had to write a book about violence, the discourse of violence in ukrainian literature, and it would absolutely exist, there is a project, well

, a prospectus of this work, which she never had time to write, the discourse of violence, which she considered very, very broadly, on the one hand, it is anti-colonial pathos, well, in haydamaki shevchenko is very bloody, it is a poem about violence, why not, and she talked about it, but who then talked about bloodshed. about the violence in shevchenko, but this discourse of violence against ukrainians there, let's say in the post-colonial context, it was also important for her that this violence is very often directed against women, well, stepan radchenko in the city is not too tolerant of women, we will, we will absolutely frank, absolutely all this is rape and all other things, that is, she eh... talks about the misogyny of ukrainian writers, one more thing, what, what then, was completely, well, now, now

it looks as if we didn't know anything at all, but we really didn't know a lot, because our education, well, didn't foresee this knowledge, but well, we managed to catch up, it's psychoanalytic studies, solomia studied psychoanalysis herself, she studied it at the university for us they didn't teach, she, she, she read the books herself, then she brought them to me, and so we... somehow , somehow, we did, well, at least we could talk about something, and where did you get them, where are these, where is it possible, well in different ways, well, well, something, something, first, something was, well, we read then, you know, i recently re-read the poet as a myth-maker grabovych, well, well, well, in some ways it is an interesting book, in some ways i do not accept it, but then it was absolutely, well, an absolute bible, an absolute revelation, then we started reading, well, again brought, this is the merit of that planet dp, we started reading, my god, it turns out that we have not only. i printed during gonchar's lifetime an article about the false pathos of roman the standard-bearer and was so proud of my 28 years there that who knows and we

read that we have johanson, whom we did not we read, we have domontovych, we have khvylovy and pidmogylny, that is, my god, how many things we have, but then we only discovered the first names, and here and there one more, and the theory, so we read. on the one hand, we read in english, on the other hand, solomizh, she, she has such a culture-treger instruction, well, now it's even hard to imagine how much she managed to do. solomiya not only, not only writes herself, not only, not only gives lectures to students, not only brings us all together - there are some summer schools, summer school, the first summer school on gender studies, this is her merit, well, many of her merits, but - she, she founded the foundation publishing house, and she started that they publish foundations, foundations publish intellectual, intellectual literature, they publish the classics that in

we were not there at all, i will ask about the basics, can we talk about the basics, because i decided to talk with you separately about the basics, this is a topic that deserves to be talked about separately, i want to, i promised to ask about the translation, and i will ask about its translations, why exactly ... let's say why exactly she translated lady chatterley's lover, but she didn't do it for hype. i recently listened to an excellent interview by maksym strikha, where he says that for ukrainians, translation is not just translation, that translation is the invention of language. but you can't translate boccaccio's decameron into socialist realist language, can you? lukash had to somehow reconstruct this language into baroque ukrainian. whether or not this is exactly what she set out to do. well , already in the time of solomia pavlychko, this problem was not so acute, because we still have the language really built up its muscles in the 60s,

that is, after lukasz it was already different, eh, but for no, for her, for her she, she loved modernism, and she wanted to present the loudest, brightest texts of european, well, english , of english-language modernism, and here she was telling me, i remember... she was telling me that this was her dream for a long time, but this dream , well, until 1987, was simply impossible, so translate lawrence translate lady chatterley's lover, well, what about speech, i now remembered a beautiful episode, how should it be told, a it's no secret that there was no sex in ukrainian, that is, in ukrainian culture , there was no body and there was no vocabulary for it, as it was believed, although in fact, as we now know, there was sex, the older ukrainians somehow continued the lineage and lexis . was, but they translated the classics, the densest classics in the soviet era were translated from well, removing,

first of all, non-normative vocabulary. well, we do not think that there was no hemenfey there, the characters do not use non-normative vocabulary, but in the ukrainian translations they do not use it, everything is fine, that's it, solonia she told me that she she means, well , the term for the transfer of rape, she , she was looking for, she was looking for some such, well , delicious, bright match, and i don’t remember what the last name was, but she she asked for a meeting with one of the seniors very respected translators, they will meet. they met somewhere on bohdan khmelnytskyi street, sat down somewhere in the park, and when she asked how to translate it, the translation finally contained the word yibyuyut, at which everyone poked, everyone poked and looked, wow, look what she wrote, this senior man, when she asked him this, he blushed deeply, he was uncomfortable talking to a young woman, but he honestly said that he did not translate such things, he just let them

out. that is, yes, this is a change of language, this is a change, this is the removal of language censorship, this is the creation of a language that is no longer only about volozhkas and chaste characters, but not only that, in the end, well, at some point, she, she gives up almost from translation career, because she wanted to write her own, that's understandable, it was similar in the bald ukrainian woman, but she equally attracts this discourse is constantly, by the way, so her, her concept, what is she like. she also drew in, what she drew in, what she actually involved in our local discourse, well, look, the first thing that was published was the first bright, bright remote, well, one of the first bright submissions of the foundations is the second stac simona debouvar, she was terribly her , i was terribly happy with it, i was then writing the preface to simonavar, and then she showed me the book and said: well, look, i didn’t see it, and they drew some renoir nudes on the superblock

women, well, what is this, well... that is, it is a renois, it is beautiful, but it is artistic, well, simple, but it was the first translation, the russians have not done it yet, the russians did it some six years later, it is very revealing for the state of culture, because we, well, here already, well, talking about it means that famous, that famous number, if i am not mistaken, june 91 of the year 691, when the magazine slovo i chas was published... and thanks to vitaly hryhorovych donchyk , the editor-in-chief who took it, he didn't understand what he, what he was taking, but he just loved us, here we are, we are beautiful young girls, we, we, we, we are so clever, he took it, although he honestly said that he did not really understand, so we published then three articles about, it was called ukrainian, so there are feminist studies, again, no one understood what it was, high-brow academic husbands were shaking their heads with laughter when we said something like that, well, what are these stupid girls

saying, well, which ones, which one? to clarify, she brought, i understood that she brought from canada or from america for the first time marta pogachevskii a hamster, marta, marta janushovych brought, marta, she brought a book, so feminists are at odds with themselves, she brought marta bogachevska's book, marta came, again from the end of the 80s, they all started. came, when they ask me where you learned about feminism, i say, marta bogachevska came and told us, and it’s true, marta bogachevska came and told, solomiya came and brought books, but, but not only that, we immediately, immediately they started, it went in parallel, when, when you read marta bugachevska, or marta the historian, in the end, she touched the texts less, and then it turned out that it was all our own, and then, here it is, a little bit to the side, but

somewhere... there again, in the early 90s , very advanced eyes began to come to us the swedes were there to tell us about feminism, but it turned out that we already had everything here, and when they were there, they were somehow talking about this and who should teach whom, but you had women there in red scarves, you had these that means there are feminists of that generation, and here and there it was the most interesting, but solomia could, again, solomia could continue a very quiet career. a professor and researcher of english literature and what is it called, well, traveling abroad and especially not accepted, but it was more interesting to her, she consciously chooses, she actually changes her profession a little, she consciously chooses ukrainian studies, well, we were endlessly interested, we are about famous people, this is the famous correspondence between lesya ukrainka and olga kobylyanska, this is already over...