imagine that we will find mass burials of local residents under the raisins. the armed forces of ukraine liberated izyum, a city in the kharkiv region in september 2022. 447 bodies were found in mass graves there, including at least 414 civilians. this area has become a huge crime scene. forensic teams carefully remove hundreds of bodies from the ground. exactly. here the horror acquires names and numbers, the unprovoked invasion of russia killed many, we already knew that, but only now, in liberated cities like izyum, we learn who was killed and how exactly. with with the de-occupation of new portions of the territory, with the de-occupation of mariupol, we will be faced with more and more terrible statistics and confirmations that a genocidal campaign was really unfolding there, so we can agree with mr. shabes that we have. to

date, not so much information has been collected about this growing dynamics of murders, but at the same time, we must also understand that we simply do not have access to the territories where these dynamics will be demonstrated. from the territories occupied by russia, we really receive only fragments of information. one of bridge, which russian troops occupied after february 24, 2022. yaskadovsk in the south of ukraine. in the fall of the same year, the occupiers killed 56-year-old nurse tetiana mudrenko there. natalia is tatiana's twin sister. she hosts us in her sister's apartment in the city of dnipro. remembers he says that in their youth they were very different in character, but outwardly very similar. somehow, even tatiana's boyfriend confused them. he was in the army, he came from the army, but

she was not in the garden, i came, well, i visit , too, i know him, he used to come, oh tanechka, yes they kiss the hand, i'm not tanya, but then, well , the husband's forehead was calculated, and yes, and no, when the occupation began, natalya was with her sister in skadovsk, together they went to pro-ukrainian rallies, then natalya from... could leave, her sister stayed. in october , in a closed group on facebook, natalya read that tatyana was detained by security forces, together with her common-law husband anatoly. soon the man contacted her and reported: tanya was buried, and one of the closed group wrote back to me that they strangled her, and then hanged her in front of... the court, and when tolik sent

i have a certificate, not a certificate, a death certificate, this manegipulska street was written there, i looked on the map, it is indeed a courthouse, the information that the occupation authorities really hung tatiana's body in the middle of the city, it is impossible to confirm now, but later natalya received more several testimonies, first of all, the girls from the hospital said that they filmed her there, i don't know who filmed it, but this guy was texting me, he said, some friend of his, then we don't say anything, nothing, they say , cordoned off this area when she was hanged, well, she will say that a dead woman was hanged, and then one girl told me, she is a correspondent, they went to kherson with a lawyer, they said that they have such a trick of the fsbshniks, they first strangle, and then resuscitate, but it was obvious that they could not manage her as a woman.

what is it, in the death certificate of tatyana , the cause of death is indicated, mechanical asphyxiation, i.e. in dushcha, the woman's grave, as well as reliable information about the circumstances of her death , remains out of reach in the occupied territory of skadovsk. all natalya has is a photo of the place where tatyana is buried and an assumption why her sister could have been killed. she switched to the ukrainian language, although we studied in russian. we know ukrainian, i mean, it was part of a closed group, it's just a pro-ukrainian group of ukraine, it was a closed group. this story is typical for the currently occupied territories, there is only fragmentary information about the killing of ukrainians, but their circumstances are shrouded in the darkness of the russian occupation, as well as their numbers, known only to the russians, if they count at all. but is the killing of

civilians really the main criterion for talking about genocide? definition of crime genocide should be sought in international documents. in... the un convention on genocide and the rome statute. these definitions are the same. genocide is an act committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such. murder is the act of causing serious physical or psychological harm, creating conditions for the physical destruction of a group, preventing the birth of children, and forcibly transferring children from one group to another. so, there are not one, but five different ways. committing genocide, from the five ways described in convention and in the roman statute of committing the crime of genocide, murder is only one of the ways, the other four are not related to murder, that is, these ways are not forms

of murder, of course, and therefore it is not quite correct to orientate and not quite correct from the point of view of , as formulated by the convention and the roman statute, focus exclusively on murders. although murder is only one of the five punishable acts, it is obviously the most important. unless a large number of people were killed, it is very difficult to infer an intention to physically destroy the group. terminology convention on genocide speaks of the destruction of a group, but judicial practice, that is, international courts and tribunals that applied it, all. were of the opinion that this required the physical destruction of the group. indeed, kiyslo inclines us to the fact that genocide should be aimed at physical destruction, but this theory was formed on the basis or on the basis of specific cases, these are cases from rwanda and keisinitsa. in other

contexts, courts may be more nuanced in their assessment of the situation. for eugene finkel from johns hopkins university in ukrainian. the main evidence of genocide is not murder, on the contrary, is the act most distant from murder, defined by the un convention. the displacement of children is much stronger evidence of genocide than the killing of civilians. there is no military explanation, no strategic purpose in taking thousands of ukrainians from their families and forcing them to become russians against their will. this is done only. with the intention of forcing them to stop being ukrainians and become russians. russia is deporting thousands of ukrainian children from the territory it invaded and raising them as russians. some of them are orphans, some orphaned by the war, while others have parents in ukraine

who are impatiently waiting for their children to return. thousands of children from the occupied territories of ukraine are in repurposed summer camps in russia. here from... this can be seen from the enthusiasm with which children talk about russia. russian lessons, studying the russian national anthem, daily performance of the russian national anthem. this is indoctrination. and there is a revised story that they are forced to follow. about what the russians call evacuation, the un says it is worth it considered an act of genocide. as of the beginning. in 2024, the ukrainian authorities announced that almost 20,000 ukrainian children were deported to russia. russian authorities report as many as 700,000. one of them was denys barazhny. he was 17 when he was taken from occupied

kherson to a children's camp on the crimean peninsula, which russia has controlled since 2014. there were hundreds of children from the kherson region aged eight to 17. he saw with his own eyes what russification looked like. after three weeks, they started to turn on russian anthem in the morning, we didn't react to it in any way, we just walked like why, and then we started how to do it, we just took it and agreed with our group of only 30 people that we just. we will not get up in the morning to the russian national anthem, at all, the main person responsible for ideological work with children in the camp was a former employee of ukrainian law enforcement agencies, a special unit of the ministry of internal affairs, berkut. he often said that

russia is better than ukraine, that if you say something on the territory of the camp in favor of ukraine, then you will leave home on foot, often looked for ukrainian. symbols or paraphernalia, if found, then tore, burned, well, in front of everyone, it could be any, for example, what is it, well, flag, coat of arms, anthem. the older children in the camp could resist russification, but valery stakhov had a great influence on the younger ones. the children, after talking with valery mastakh, they didn't shut down, they started saying that russia is better, and it will take kherson and all of ukraine. but at first they didn't say that, they said that ukraine. all is well. after months of struggle by denis berezhny was able to return to ukraine, to his

parents. this is possible with a small part of the deported children. however, tens of thousands of them remain in russia, where they are gradually losing their ukrainian identity. often they also resist russification. some russians are annoyed by this. in the intercepted conversation of a russian soldier, his wife.

do not hide the mass deportation of children, on the contrary, they made it part of their public policy, children, it is a holy cause, we took them out of the conflict zone, saving their life and health, they're amazing right there... voicing it, they're not ashamed of it, honestly, i don't understand why, maybe they don't understand what they're doing, i think they do, most likely they don't believe that it will have some consequences, but there may be consequences. in march 2023 , the international criminal court issued a notice. the international criminal court has issued two arrest warrants in connection with the situation in ukraine. for vladimir putin. of the president of the russian federation and maria lvova bilova, authorized by the president of the russian federation on children's rights, for

suspected of committing war crimes related to the deportation of children from the occupied territories of ukraine to the russian federation. the international criminal court qualified the actions of putin and lviv and bilova as a war crime, but not as a crime of genocide. why? presumably, because international courts and tribunals still traditionally tend to consider genocide through. the prism of physical destruction of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group. children are not exterminated. the theory is that children who are moved from one group to another lose the identity of the first group and acquire the identity of the group to which they were transferred. so it's not, it doesn't qualify in a sense that the intent was to physically destroy the group. courts have not yet made exceptions for this. cases of forced

displacement have never actually been heard by an international court. but should we rely only on judicial practice, if the definition of genocide in the un convention is much broader? i repeat, of the five ways of committing genocide , only one involves direct physical destruction. all other four. does not directly refer to when certain damages are inflicted, or conditions are created, or deportation occurs, and it eventually leads to physical destruction, for example, physical destruction is the ultimate goal, but first we want to deport the children so that the group cannot to continue its existence, because in essence this is reproductive, the reproductive chain will be broken, but if the crime of genocide needs to be proven in court, then judicial practice is important. for the trial , first of all, not even murders will be needed or other actions described in the convention, it is necessary

to prove the intention to commit genocide, that is, to destroy the ukrainian nation as such. the difficulty in proving genocide is rarely to prove the elements of genocidal intent. we have them. we have them when we consider the behavior of the russians. forces and russian agents in ukraine and outside its borders. the difficulty in incriminating the crime of genocide is not to find the elements of genocidal intent, but to... that these are essentially conclusions that we draw on the basis of facts, on the basis of behavior, they must be so compelling that we can rule out any other possible explanation. in order to prove genocidal intent, other explanations for russia's actions in ukraine must be ruled out. how to do it?

it is futile to hope to find materials like direct written orders to commit genocide. however, there are evidences of intent, which... no one even hides, much less. in the case of russian violence, i was surprised that they barely promoted it. they speak very openly, you know, about their intention to destroy ukrainians as a group, destroy ukraine, dismember people, kill millions, completely change identity. and it sounds from different sources. state media, where everything that is said and aired is agreed upon in advance. is approved and strictly controlled by the state, the usual things become unreal, heavy bags are not for my sick back, from back pain, try dolgit cream. long-acting cream relieves pain, reduces swelling and improves joint mobility. doolgit is the only yellow cream for joint and

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to be ukrainian, then i agree with vikouylen, viko tegenii, this idea should be erased from the beginning. now it comes to my mind, i will say it again, to exterminate all living things in the kharkiv region down to a child, as a punishment, so that no one will suffer anymore. we have no other option but to eliminate this substance called ukraine, and this phenomenon called ukraine. there are no other options. quite a lot from government officials. i mentioned medvedev earlier. in my opinion, to his posts on twitter. in the telegram will be more than enough to put him in jail on many, many years. dmitry medvedev, the former president and current head of the ruling party and deputy head of the russian security council, constantly fills social networks with genocidal propaganda against the ukrainian nation. immediately after the discovery of the massacre in buch in april 2022, he wrote that ukrainianism

is a fake. medvedev's statements are consistent and persistent. already in january 2024 , he wrote: the existence of ukraine is mortally dangerous for ukrainians. i mean any, absolutely any ukraine. whoever was at the wheel of a cancer neoplasm under called ukraine, it will not add legitimacy to his rule and legal capacity to the country itself. and therefore, the probability of a new collision will remain indefinitely. that is why the existence of ukraine is fatal. for ukrainians. in june 2022, medvedev even explained why he writes in this way. this explanation is strikingly frank. i am often asked why my posts in telegram are so harsh, i answer: i hate them, they are bastards and bastards, they want the death of russia, and as long as i live, i

will do everything to make them disappear. so, in in the case of ukraine, look at the state media, look at what the government officials who are making security policy are saying, and you have more than ... enough material to work with, so it seems to me that in this case there will be no determination of intent a problem in general. of course, propaganda and racist provocative statements are evidence of genocidal intent, but courts are usually reluctant to give them much weight. it is not so easy to distinguish between hate crimes, hate speech crimes and crimes with genocidal intent. to answer yours. question: can this be evidence of genocidal intent? yes, of course it can. moreover, even specific

words used by russian officials and propagandists can indicate genocidal intent. the use of dehumanizing terms is also one of the examples of what may suggest the existence of genocidal intent. in every conflict, they had their own, for example, during the holocaust, jews were called rats. in rwanda, tutsi are nazis. but cockroaches, we see this in ukraine, in fact, the term more veiled, more so cunning, i mean this fight against nazism and nazis, which the russian federation allegedly launched, labeling ukrainians as nazis, nazis, the russian federation essentially denies ukrainians the right to exist. a significant part of ukraine, the ukrainian people, certainly not all, i hope not even the majority, were covered. the destruction of the nazi state ukraine cannot be another victory, and our president understands this.

we will strive for the demilitarization and denazification of ukraine. studies have shown: on the day of russia's invasion of ukraine on february 24 , 2022, the number of references to nazism and nazis in the materials of the russian media about ukraine increased explosively. it happened on... just abruptly, which was clearly a coordinated campaign. in the russian media, ukraine has become a nazi state, and any ukrainian patriot is a nazi. people who identify themselves as patriots of this chimera are bastards. people who fight for it are criminals. these things are direct enough for me that we can still talk about calls for genocide. need also remember that no one spoke. earlier, let's commit genocide, they said quite metaphorically. the final solution of the jewish question for me, i understand that it is terrible to compare mass atrocities,

yes, but for me, in its meaning , it means about the same thing that complete denazification, that is, it is essentially about the solution of the ukrainian question, especially in that context , in which we heard these phrases. russian propaganda may in itself be another genocidal crime. in the un convention and the rome statute, a crime incitement to genocide. eugene finkel is convinced that russian propagandists have documented themselves well. in my opinion, we have a sea and mountains of evidence. i think even the most inept and inexperienced attorney and prosecutor would have no problem convicting them of inciting genocide. if we take into account what they say openly, publicly and constantly. day by day.

in fact, a problem can arise even in such a seemingly obvious matter. one of the world's most authoritative lawyers in on the issue of genocide, william schabas emphasizes: "incitement to genocide is a crime even when it does not lead to the commission of genocide." but such incitement must be public and... if these are the statements of journalists, then obviously they meet the criterion of publicity, with directness is a little more unclear, and i think it is a question of interpretation by judges based on the specific words, the context in which they were said it cannot be ruled out that they will be accused of direct and public incitement to commit genocide, but this is also does not mean that the prosecution will be successful. in order to prove genocidal intent, it is also important to understand whether the propaganda about denazification reached the russian military, did it influence their actions? contact with

propaganda is clearly important. for the russian army, the official schedule approved by the ministry of defense of the russian federation for the serviceman's day includes daily viewing of television information programs from monday to saturday. it is not surprising that witnesses who survived the atrocities of the russian army in northern ukraine say that the military constantly were looking for nazis. i tell them, you have been brainwashed by putin...

everyone who was killed by the russians, for their relatives in russia as well, this is evidenced by the intercepted telephone conversations of the russian military, she went with a mother with two children, and what about our children? they fell, and of course, she is considered, of course, also an enemy, you know, you are doing a great job, remember this, tell everyone what we are doing, we are killing civilian children, damn it, no, you are not killing civilians. for its part, the russian state apparently approves and encourages the killing of civilians. 18 in april 2022, less than three weeks after the retreat from the kyiv region, the president of the russian federation, vladimir putin

, awarded. 64 separate motorized rifle brigade, which is believed to be involved in the atrocities in buch, but russian denazification is not only about the killing of civilians and the russification of ukrainians, it is about the destruction of ukrainian national symbols in the occupied territories, the destruction and theft of ukrainian cultural heritage, and the burning of ukrainian books. hundreds of museums, libraries and monuments were bombed, they were burning, and... they were shelling. russian troops in the occupied territories search public libraries. they are looking for any books related to ukrainian history. here, all the books of our modern authors are in the ukrainian language. because this literature in the ukrainian language was destroyed and nothing was left. more than 11 thousand paintings and other works of art

were taken away by trucks and. buses, it happened not only here, but also throughout the country, the theft of goods, art was not on such a scale, which, according to experts, not seen in europe since the nazi looting in world war ii. the destruction of culture is not among the acts of genocide defined in the un convention and the rome statute, but they make us recall the vision of the man who created the term genocide, who is also behind the un genocide convention, rafal lemkin. dr. lemken is the man who coined the word genocide and has really been fighting its manifestations for a very, very long time. dr. lemkin, could you tell us why you were interested in this fight against genocide? i became interested in genocide because it happened so many times was happening i told myself that as a lawyer i had to do something about it, and i submitted a draft convention. i tried to interest the organizations of the united nations, so i approached the delegations. delegations

of cuba, mr. and india supported the resolution and then we started the process. the destruction of culture and identity was not included in the convention, although rafa lemkin, who coined the term genocide, very clearly thought and spoke about the destruction of culture as one of the key elements of genocide. that is, destruction of culture, burning of books, destruction of museums, detonation libraries, surely we can definitely... use them as signs of intent. during his lifetime, rafa lemkin drew attention to moscow's previous crimes against ukrainians. in a 1953 report, lemkin described the kremlin's attempts to destroy the ukrainian nation as soviet genocide in ukraine. one of the methods of that genocide was the holodomor. famine in ukraine 1900 artificially created by moscow.