print your high-quality training and education, fill out the questionnaire and choose the direction where you can be most effective. we are waiting for you in the team of tssoa asbu. together we will write the history of victory. details on the official pages of the sbu. glory to ukraine, dear tv viewers, on espresso tv channel, west studio program. we will analyze the most important events of this week, in particular, we will analyze the great putin conference in astana with the participation of representatives of turkey, china, etc., and at the same time we will try to outline the parameters of polish-ukrainian security.

agreement, our guests today are the iconic polish politician bohdan borusevych, as well as the famous political scientist who is in prague, oleksandr morozov. and now bohdan borusewicz, a legendary polish politician, marshal of the polish senate from 2005 to 2015 and now a senator, will work on the espresso tv channel. welcome to the espresso studio, mrs. marschalka. good day to you, good day to the audience. first of all, i would like to ask you how you assess the situation with the so- called guarantees. security for ukraine. we understand that this is a very difficult matter, negotiations between eu countries and nato members are ongoing, and of course, a security agreement between poland and ukraine is currently on the table. actually, how do you see this structure? i am a supporter of political and military ties between ukraine and poland. and it's not just about deals, i think it's worth going further. of course, with the support of the americans, but we can stabilize this one. part of europe

if we act together here. we are not talking about the formula of this connection, but it should be a very close connection. then we will be able to stabilize this part of europe, because russia and will continue to be a serious country, and russia has shown itself to be an aggressive, revisionist country with no sense of borders. so we have a common interest here. that is, i believe that these guarantees should ensure common interest. this is not only a one-way guarantee, but also a guarantee from ukraine. for poland. this is how you need to think, this is how you need to analyze it. but you also know this, no guarantees will help if ukraine does not defend itself, because after all, the guarantees were not in the form of an agreement when ukraine gave up nuclear weapons. i remember how the americans cared then about those nuclear weapons returning to

russia, in general, how they worried that that suitcase would go somewhere and fall into the hands of terrorist groups, but what about that, guarantees for ukraine are just arms deliveries, and i believe that it is necessary go further, and poland must think, we must think together about some kind of union with the support of the americans. without such support, we will simply be thrown out of nato, and with support, the americans will then be able to move to asia. because in the end it will be natural, and all politicians are talking about it, not only trump, but also biden says that american interests are primarily in asia at this moment, the problem of competition with china is not rivalry, no, but competition, serious competition, so if we went in that direction, everyone would be satisfied, in fact, there would be a lot here to depend on the so-called political elites, we are talking about specific people in warsaw and we had several difficult months, and

for myself i did not fully understand what happened, it is about some kind of cooling of relations between president duda and president zelenskyi, it is about a meeting in the un united states, now it looks like maybe the climate has improved and there is a chance again for continued polish-ukrainian security cooperation, but i want to say that there is a certain imbalance between poland and ukraine, and in that matter i noticed it in ... a prime minister who has a level of power comparable to that of a chancellor. the president is not the president. the government is in the hands of controlling the security and defense spheres, and also has competence in the field of foreign policy. mostly in the matter of appointing ambassadors. and that's all. instead, all power over the army, also over the security forces, i.e. over the police, over the services is concentrated in the prime minister. this should be remembered when

we talk about president zelenskyi and president duda here. yes, president zelenskyi has much more power here, in fact, he has dictatorial power. why am i talking about this, because in poland the election time has come and the presidential party, i.e. law and justice, lost the election, and at the moment there is a completely different government, so if we talk and look at who we need to talk to and decide now, then it is with the government and the prime minister with tusk, well, how do you assess the situation between... the polish government and the ukrainian one, between the polish government and the ukrainian one, because it is necessary to continue cooperation and possibly raise it to some completely different, higher level. the current government in poland, the civil coalition, of which i am a member, is the dominant party, and it is actually the government of the coalition. it is also necessary to remember that

prime minister tusk must take into account the opinion of the coalition partners, and the same with regard to ukraine. fortunately we are we continue the policy that concerns ukraine, the policy that was started immediately, the policy of support, military and political. voyskova is the fact that we transferred more tanks to ukraine than all of western europe combined. in fact, a huge amount, about 500 tanks, more than 50 powerful and modern howitzers, 20 thousand starlinks, more than 500 power generators, and that's all. such selected things, the most important for ukraine is, of course, military aid and support, but also political, that is, support acceptance into the eu, and we give full support here and support for joining nato. for poland, joining nato was much easier than

joining the european union, because joining nato is a political decision. the army should be led by a civilian. that army must be adapted, but there is a beginning of adaptation to the standards. union - this is the adaptation of the entire economy to the standards of the european union, these are negotiations related to the transition period. and of course, the negotiations are related to the issue of grain. negotiations, negotiations. for example, when we had negotiations, we provided a long period, during which there was a ban on selling land to foreigners, if suddenly... someone was afraid of it. grain. grain, mr. marshall. let's go back to the grain. and what do you want when it comes to grain? and what will happen to the european union market, which is open to ukraine, but there is still a separate position of polish farmers and the polish government. we must

take this into account, because we must also take into account the interests of our citizens. farmers are our citizens. and here. there will be a discussion, something will have to be done. and how sharp will this be a discussion, mr. marshalka? no, the discussion should take into account the interests of both sides, and it is quite possible that a transition period will be needed, since we have a ban on the movement of polish labor, i.e. workers from poland, for the purchase of land in the eu, and it worked. those fears disappeared after a couple of years. but you probably want to ask me about the grain, what the situation is. they are not there, and you know if we keep an eye on it and negotiate in time, they will not return, but what is the situation now? there is no

no blockades at the moment, there are no blockades, and you also know that there is no grain in poland at the moment. there is no grain, we are waiting for the new harvest, and they will come, then we will have grain, because now we do not have grain in poland, we exported 14 million tons, i recently spoke with a colleague who specializes in this, and i actually asked him, he he says, there is no grain in poland, we lack grain, i say, we will buy it in ukraine, he answers that there is none in ukraine either, because ukraine exported 24. fortunately, there will be a harvest in the near future, but it is time to realize that if a problem appears, it should be solved, not waiting for months and so on. the previous government did not address this, and the problem only grew. the price of grain decreased,

farmers claimed and complained that this was due to the influx of ukrainian grain. and that was because the price of grain on world markets also... decreased, and that government told farmers: don't sell this grain now, because it will be more expensive in the fall. meanwhile, in the fall, the price of grain decreased, so it was easy here... to explain, to develop such a theory that it is because ukrainian grain or through russian. so, at this moment the situation is zero, but it is worth preparing for possible actions. of course, because we are entering the process of negotiations with the european union and we understand that poland has its voice, and poland will defend its interests, of course, ukraine will defend its own. yes, and it is necessary to reach something. but the most important thing is that those national interests do not collide. no, there are no interests. selfishness, although, of course, there are those who say, it must be, i must

earn so much money billions of euros. yes, but of course, during the negotiations, ukrainian agriculture, which is very powerful, is a problem, we have to agree here, because this is agriculture where artificial fertilizers are not used at all, because there is black soil, except that plant protection products are used, and because of this, the price of grain can be much lower. ukraine's accession to the eu means additional payments for ukrainian agriculture as well. we have additional payments per hectare of approximately €250. we already have average surcharges in europe, and we started with the lower ones. but if ukrainian agriculture enters, will it be possible to keep these additional payments at the same level, because ukraine will enter. so it's true. and our farmers. especially the large-scale ones that make money from it will try to protect the level of those surcharges, because it is billions of euros, it

must be understood, but negotiations, conversations and so on are needed here. in a democracy , nothing can be done by force, but there must be consultation mechanisms, communication mechanisms between the polish and ukrainian authorities, and here i am not necessarily talking about some open consultations, but between the president of ukraine. for example, prime minister tusk, right? we were expecting a meeting, but it was slightly delayed, as far as we understand, for various reasons. what would the situation look like now, mr. marshalka, what are the prospects for the growth of this diplomatic-political-economic activity? we are active diplomatically, but we are also building our position in the european union, because we have lost this position: we are rebuilding the so-called weimar triangle, these are the meetings of poland. germany and france. and the role of poland has increased due to the fact that we are the country on the ukrainian

front, the closest to ukraine. aid goes to ukraine through us. because of us, because the hungarians blocked it. a little through romania, but most through us. grain exports go through romania, while military equipment goes through poland. this is not a secret. i am saying what the russians know very well. but we, we are politicians, say it to ourselves. colleagues, and i spoke to ukrainian colleagues now, should talk and discuss what will happen after the war, how polish-ukrainian relations will develop, what do we want, how do we want those relations to look like, should it only be some general principle, as at this moment, should we treat ukraine better, ukraine is our neighbor and ally, so we have a greater interest in cooperation with ukraine . for example, the germans, who have more funds and will have more funds, but have less

national interest. and that's understandable. italy, spain are far away, and so are others. there is a different interest and a different attitude in the european union, it should all be centralized. it is not always so, because everyone looks after their own interests. in the union, the basis is understanding, consensus, because if everyone would... fight to the end for their own, well, the eu will fall apart, there is no such union, but everyone will get something, and we will benefit from the union, i agree with you, but in therefore , there will also be a benefit for ukraine, because it is the case that the eu provides security, not only nato, but the european union, because these are multilateral economic ties, financial, as well as cultural. so you need to remember that there is much more complicated. than nato. for ukraine, nato now looks like more difficult, because it is in conflict and

wants to be accepted into nato, and constantly strives for it. and what does joining nato mean? the fifth article, the most important. yes, this means putting article five into effect, that is, going to war. but it's not like we give weapons, introduce our soldiers, and we understand that well, and the ukrainians also understand that well. and here we have something different. because ukraine would like to bring it to that. our goal, mr. marshalka, is victory over the russians. and so it is, in the near future. this means that we... must attract as much different equipment as possible, we are talking about aviation, air defense systems and so on, and there was such an idea to, for example, use polish air defense systems in order to cover the western cities of ukraine. i have been thinking about this for a long time, and i am a supporter of such a decision, because it is not known whether a rocket flying at lviv will fall in poland. in lublin, for example, or in rzeszow. well, this

is known. yes, that's why we have to defend ourselves here. and on occasion, of course, to defend ukraine as well, but this issue is also for some interstate defense agreements and so further, because we cannot just shoot over ukraine. why? and, for example, if there was an agreement between the ministry of defense and the general staff. she must be. and she is not there now. of course there isn't. there is no such agreement. one country cannot shoot at another country without permission, without an agreement, even for... defense, they keep saying, putin says that poland wants to occupy a western country, they keep talking about it, i remember this conversation from zhirinovsky, but i didn't write a letter, i talked to the russians then, and it was fine he told them, no, no, give us something of our own, for example, the kaliningrad region, and not

someone else's, return smolensk to us, give the russians smolensk to us. it is far away, and the kaliningrad region, so give us something of our own, and we will even share with the lithuanians ourselves, but you understand that this is an attempt at division, quite primitive, but we talked here about actions over ukraine, but the main thing is that the patriots who are already near the ukrainian border in the vicinity of rzeszów - this is an american patriot, and american, american commanders decide to shoot or no. then it should be a tripartite agreement, polish-ukrainian-american, but the americans will not agree to it, because they do not agree to far-reaching strikes on the territory of russia. now it has progressed very well, that it is possible to attack, to attack the territory of russia within at least 100 km near the border through kharkiv, because otherwise the russians

would fire at it without any losses for themselves from the border, destroy the city, leave the russians too far. and this is the american answer, but the patriot batteries, which were located in rzeszów, are subordinated by the decision of the american commanders, the american leadership decides whether to shoot and where to shoot, we do not have such an opportunity, but poland still has its own patriot system, you know, poland has fewer patriots than ukraine at the moment, so i will say in general, we do not have and returns now to the system of defense of the ukrainian sky by the forces of poland and possibly not only poland. and to poland's capabilities. yes, the capabilities of poland and the capabilities of nato. that is, we need. so, yes, we gave the mig-29, we gave these planes. the problems are you will have problems with missiles for the f-16. with

the cover of those airfields, the defense of the airfields, we need to talk, discuss, but it is obvious that we need... military experts, but those planes, those f-16s, must be protected, because there is no sense in these planes being destroyed within three months , and the war continues, and this plane is not extraordinary, it is a good plane, but not extraordinary, because it can also be destroyed, just like american tanks, because i repeatedly, when i watch ukrainian television, suddenly there is a wave, there was a wave of bairaktars , water amazing, then tanks. abrams, but also the leopards, that's what it looked like, that's how it was shown, that's what the public was told, that weapon is indestructible, every weapon can be destroyed, and the f-16s can be destroyed, and they will be destroyed, but you have to prepare to just protect them, and you need to know where to place them. i once said that in a country with mountains, such things are located in

underground bases that are difficult to destroy, and the russians have already warned that if they are... located on the territories of neighbors, that is, poland, then such bases will be under attack, i.e. russia will attack them, attack them or not, i don’t know, of course this is a matter for politicians, but from the technical side there are also military personnel who must know where, how and so on, what distances, i think that such a situation may come the situation, what macron said will become relevant, and will poland join this french proposal or the decision, if such a situation were to happen? the polish prime minister said no, but maybe things will change, but i think that such a sharp denial is not good, let the russians not fully know how we will behave, no one wants to go to the front, so while it is possible and while it is effective, we should

help with the weapons that ukraine needs. it's just that the situation in the states can change, mr. marshall, trump can come. and of course, macron and not only macron are thinking about the situation that will happen in a few months. but then the european union will unite, a deeper consolidation will come. in ukraine, we greatly appreciate, for example, poland's help, because it was done quickly, lightning fast, very quickly, yes, while in brussels only documents were written, calls were still made between brussels and berlin, yes, but such help should be supported by society, because it can... do more harm than good, but i will tell you, i look at ukrainian men who are in poland, young men, it causes a negative

reaction from poles. we in ukraine are ready to accept them, but would poland be ready to give them or help us get them? it needs to be talked about, but it is also an issue that is in your interest, because those men work, you know, if we lose them, whole sectors of the economy, for example, construction, will collapse. it is necessary to weigh everything, but, in my opinion, the key thing for poland is to support ukraine. and everything should be subordinated to this, both our political decisions and what we do abroad, because this is the most important thing. why? it is clear, it is obvious. putin is a revisionist, he undermines all principles of international law. he leads. the policy of aggression, but his goals, he does not clearly outline his goals, very vaguely, so we must do the same, respond, maybe yes, maybe not, if there is such

a need. the most important thing is the readiness of the army, and the capacity. communication, logistics and ability. i agree with you and would like to ask, for example, about the fate of the polish-lithuanian-ukrainian joint brigade. a few days ago, i spoke with bohdan klich, the former minister of defense of poland, and he said that there is a good prospect for... to create, for example, a division from this brigade, and perhaps even a military corps, polish-lithuanian-ukrainian , what would the odds be? as a political slogan, this is a good slogan, this polish-lithuanian-ukrainian brigade was created in a different situation, i remember the moment of its creation, i supported it, because it indeed, it is a matter of the future, although i did not know how russia would behave, but its benefit for the current situation is small, small... because what about the fact that there is a brigade, but for the future it would be useful, of course, it would be useful, but for logistics, armed and human

support will always be useful for ukrainians in the future. no, we are only talking about the climate, the situation may change in six months, but the most important thing is that there is something on paper, that is , we understand that there is a military bureaucracy, the bureaucracy of the ministry of defense, not only ukrainian, but also polish, and so on. here we have to think more broadly. this is also, no, readiness for union, the so-called political will, yes, yes, yes, at the moment it is not such a difficult situation, ukrainians are managing themselves , but the question for us, for me, is what to do when ukraine stops giving council, and i say, it is necessary to consider. different possibilities, you are probably considering such possibilities, we should also consider them, currently ukraine is on its own. but we had

a difficult period when the united states did not give weapons, blocked, yes, when couldn't vote, and it went on and on, and we understand that it was also a corridor of opportunity for putin. but the european union voted to provide 50 billion. but not 100 billion. well, well , but then you can say why not 150 billion, the states voted for 60 billion, what do you want from poor europe, that kind of money, the states are richer, but at the same time the usa is a power, it does not mean that whoever gives, you can vote and for 100 billion, but for them you have to buy weapons, that is, make weapons, the states have weapons, only the usa has such stockpiles of weapons, in our country we are forced to restore them. i am a member of the national defense commission, that is, i am engaged in the military, i know a little about the nuances. we have to

make a huge effort to return... here to what we had before, for that we have to think together, what then, now we have to think and now we have to discuss, to have a concept so that we can start implementing it, you need to know , what we should do, i am also in ukraine to talk about it. thank you very much, mr. marshalka, thank you very much for your openness and for this beautiful one analysis and of course for the position. thank you very much. i would like to remind our tv viewers that bohdan borusewicz, a legendary polish politician, head of the polish senate from 2005 to 2015, was currently working on the air of the tv channel, and now he works in the senate, in the defense committee. and the discounts represent the only discounts on norwend express forte, 10% in the travel pharmacies you

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travel pharmacies for you. vasyl zima's big broadcast. my name is vasyl zima, this is a big ether on the espresso tv channel. two hours of airtime, two hours of your time. my colleagues and i will talk about the most important things. two hours to learn about the war, about the military, front, component. serhii zgurets. but how does the world live? yuri fizer is already in front of me, and it's time to talk about what... what was happening outside of ukraine, yury, good evening, two hours to keep up with economic news, time to talk about money during the war, oleksandr morchyvka with me and sports news, i invite yevhen to the conversation pastukhova, two hours in the company of favorite presenters, cultural news, alina chechenina, our art watcher is ready to say good evening, the presenters, who have become like movrodnidenko to many, are already next to me, ready to talk about the weather for this weekend, as well as distinguished guests of the studio, mustafa dzhemilov, the leader of the crimean tatar people,

mr. mustafa is in touch with us. i congratulate you. good day. events of the day in two hours. vasyl zima's big broadcast. a project for smart and caring people. espresso in the evening. and now oleksandr morozov, a political scientist who is in prague, will work on the air of the tv channel. glad to see you, oleksandr. well, first of all i would like to ask you about the evaluation of the so-called. of the astana summit, we understand that this is a story not only about putin, this is a story not even only about xi jinping, this is a story in general about an attempt to form a new, so-called an alternative agenda to replace the so-called big summits and big events of the diplomatic international plan, which were held by the so-called collective event, so the astana agenda and putin's readiness for something, what was all this for him?

vladimir putin will undoubtedly use this summit to build a very important line for him, which will lead to the success of the brics summit in kazan, which will take place in october. this brics summit in kazan is extremely important diplomatically and politically for putin event. why? because there is a struggle around the summit. expansion of the composition of brics countries was foreseen. the kremlin has been actively playing with the applications submitted by various countries. now. it was decided that there will be no expansion at this summit in kazan, but besides that, it is in kazan that putin is going to demonstrate that he has the support of the countries of the so-called global south. and here on the sidelines of the sos summit, i think the main goal of kremlin diplomacy is simply to prepare for the summit in kazan. oleksandr, but we understand that there is public order daily, and there is a real agenda, that's how we understand it.