died because of the russian invaders on our ukrainian land. a moment of silence. let's observe a moment of silence in memory of the ukrainian military and civilian citizens of ukraine who died in the war started by russia.

hello, my name is volodymyr vyatrovych, i am a historian and this is a project of 10 days of independence, why 10? it so happened that over the past 100 years our path to freedom has been winding. i believe that understanding the turning points on this path is the key to a common future. i invite you to experience these historical events with me, to see them through the eyes of the participants.

on monday, june 30, 1941 , two people entered this building, they had a special task: to restore the work of the radio station, which was located here, it was damaged by the bolsheviks while retreating from the city, from here in the evening , a very important announcement was to be made to the whole city and beyond. it was dark in the studio, everyone present was worried, someone brought and lit a candle, it was necessary to start the program, they wanted to start with the national anthem, but they couldn't find it on radio phonotse, just like they probably couldn't find it in all of galicia. the situation was saved by a soldier from of the german propaganda department, which had not yet died on a soft wax record. finally, at 10 o'clock in the evening, they went on the air, with the loudest voice of all. the receivers of lviv and halychyna

heard the historic words: by the will of the ukrainian people, the organization of ukrainian nationalists under the leadership of stepan bandera proclaims the restoration of the ukrainian state, for which a generation of the best sons of ukraine laid down their heads. the act of restoring the ukrainian state began with these lines. an hour earlier, its text was adopted and read out to the people who had gathered in the square market. in the header of this document, print. it is written in letters: act of proclamation of the ukrainian state, but look carefully, the word proclamation is crossed out, instead restoration is written by hand, and this is not accidental. in this way, its authors tried to show that they are only restoring independent ukraine, which declared its independence in 1918 and was conquered by the bolsheviks 2 years later. western ukraine was occupied by the soviets later, in september 1939, then. when

hitler's troops invaded poland, nazi germany and the soviet union conspired to divide the baltic and eastern european countries among themselves. previously, the modern lviv, ternopil, ivano-frankivsk, volyn, rivne regions were under the poles for almost 20 years. after the collapse of the austro-hungarian empire, western ukrainians proclaimed zunr, but could not defend their independence in the war with poland. and if in the eyelash. yes, and someone, one side lost that war, the other won, that means there was a certain occupation of a certain territory, characteristically in these terms józef pilsutski and other polish figures, at the beginning, especially in the 20s, they this term was used, only 60% of the population of this country were poles, but they behaved as if the country was mono-ethnic. there were plans, according to which

it is obvious that by the middle of the 50s , ukrainians should have turned into a complete minority in the region, ukrainian schools, if there were any, let's say, in the territory of modern western ukraine by the 21st year around 300, then on the 39th there were 300. the famous pacification was a great trauma in the relations between the two peoples: the troops entered, rounded up people, destroyed ukrainian institutions, enlightenment there and so on, books were thrown away, libraries were destroyed, priests were beaten there, those whom we would call activists and so on. such polish policy was opposed by uvo, an organization that emerged from sich riflemen and soldiers of the ukrainian galician army, and all kinds of illegal organizations, of course, they worked underground, and later they all united into one oun (organization of ukrainian nationalists), it operated abroad and in western ukraine.

at the beginning of the 30s of the 20th century, the bouquet of the western ukrainian wing was composed by the agronomist stepan bandera, lawyer yaroslav stetsko, another lawyer vasyl kuk. as well as engineer and successful advertiser roman shukhevich. the main thing that un has done is extensive colossal propaganda work. they managed to win the battle for the youth of western ukraine. these are such actions, for example, as a school action, when the work of schools was completely blocked, students, children demanded a ukrainian school. they destroyed the portraits of polish statesmen, there were state symbols of power, they did not allow polish teachers to replace those who came to replace the dismissed ukrainian ones, and so on. antimonopoly campaign, when there was a monopoly in the polish state for alcohol, tobacco and so on, under the slogan that every

penny of yours strengthens your occupier and oppressor, and what you drink and destroys your health, they blocked these shops they were not beaten, and of course, the ukrainian national union could not look calmly at what was happening in soviet ukraine. the greek-catholic church carried out large actions to help the starving ukraine, and the activists of the un also joined these actions, but they did not. the grain does not go there hit ukrainians from western ukraine, who read in the newspapers the sensational news from greater ukraine about the famine and mass repressions, could not even imagine that in a few years they would experience... all the charms of the stalinist regime. polish occupation will be replaced by soviet occupation. at first, it is true, the soviets will behave very cautiously, but their wickedness will not last long. already at the beginning of october, 300 people were arrested, that is, the invasion began on september 17, and in

two weeks, about 3,000 people were already packed into prison. then the blow went to the deportations, there for 80 and a half percent, it was the polish population that left. to the north, east, then they deported, strangely enough, about 100,000 jews who escaped from central poland from the germans, and the arrests already at the beginning of 1941, until june, ukrainians, the families of bandaunov, are already experiencing it there , there is an illegal, full-blooded soviet lviv living full-blooded life, hearts full of joy and happiness. new soviet citizens, to liberate ukraine from the stalinist regime and not only the western ukraine, all of it, any of it price, and make it independent, that was the global goal of the oun. so the members of this organization decided to use the offensive of hitler's germany on the soviet union.

in may of 1941, the revolutionary leadership developed detailed instructions, which were called the struggle and activity of the ou during the war. such instructions are about 70 pages long. typescript for the underground in ukraine and for derivative groups. what to do when the war starts? the oun had a theory of building a state from the first village. ideally, it should look like this. as as soon as it is possible to occupy some territory, it is necessary to declare independence and start building state structures here and liberate other territories. these derivative groups, several thousand people, were to leave the east in wave after wave. the special derived group had good. to lviv to declare independence, these small groups, you know, how the ants were supposed to run all over ukraine, to proclaim this act everywhere throughout ukraine, the nazis understood that only they had the right to give any permissions to anyone here and give, if there was any the state, then only with their permission, and

bandera had a completely different worldview, he said, well, what kind of permission, we don't need permission, we fought for this state. on june 22, 1941, the germans launched an attack on the soviet union, the next day they received a memorandum from the oun. the residents of univ wanted to protect themselves from the treachery of the germans, so they turned to the leadership of the third reich with a memorandum in which they briefly outlined the history of the struggle of ukrainians for their statehood and called to consider ukraine as independent. even if the german troops enter ukraine, of course at first they will be welcomed as liberators, but soon this situation may change if germany comes to ukraine with no purpose. restoration of the ukrainian state, there was no response from hitler to this letter, do not wait for

it, but act. already in the afternoon of june 30, a special marching group of the oun led by yaroslav stytsky, deputy of stepan bandera, entered lviv, which had just been abandoned by the soviet troops. for the time being, the guide ugun himself remained in kraków, from where he coordinated all the work. on the same day, lviv residents began to agitate that at 20:00 they should come to national assembly. that were to take place in the society of education. on the morning of the 30th , despite the absence of an order from the wehrmacht command, the nachtigall battalion, which german intelligence and counterintelligence formed from ukrainians, entered lviv. the supreme command of the wehrmacht and abbe - military intelligence. they believed that if there is a war in the east, then we must use the potential of the separatist movements against the soviet union. and here we have all these ukrainians, lithuanians, latvians, estonians. georgians and so on will be needed. and here already there was a coincidence of interests. in univka, they believed

that it is necessary to always have highly trained military specialists if we want to create a state in the future, because we need officers for the army. and therefore, when the abwehr agreed to such an idea, to train 60 hundred ukrainians there, they stuck to this idea. ukrainians had their own. the germans had their own considerations. on the ukrainian side , nakhtikal was headed by roman shukhevych. on june 30, he ordered his soldiers to occupy the town hall, the railway station, the radio station, the electric and gas stations, and other strategic points. himself he had another problem. on his own birthday, after a two-year absence from his hometown, he was looking for his brother. and finds his mutilated body here, in the courtyard of the lonsky prison. now it is a museum. and throughout the 20th century a political prison, first of the polish, then of the soviet, then

of the german, then again of the soviet authorities. international law obliges in the event of an attack by one state on another to release prisoners or organize their evacuation. at one time , this is how stepan bandera ended up at large. the poles sentenced him to life imprisonment, however, when germany... started a war against poland, he managed to get out of prison. prisoners of the soviet regime did not leave the fences. hastily retreating before the nazis, the nkvedists did not bother to observe the norms of international law. and in the course of two weeks , more than 22,000 people who were imprisoned because of their political beliefs were destroyed in the prisons of western ukraine. june 30, 1941. their remains began to be released. the city was filled with the shrill screams of people who found their relatives among them and

the sweet corpse smell. the heat was making him unbearable some bodies had bullet marks, others were so mutilated that it was impossible to recognize them. the soviets, saving time and ammunition, in the overcrowded cell threw grenades through the food hole, which tore the prisoners to pieces. stezko planned to declare independence in the opera house. sheptytskyi recommended to the staff that it is better not to do it in a hurry, but to gather the city's ukrainian community. we need some assembly to legitimize everything as much as possible. statsko and his men rushed to gather, first of all, it was necessary to find out who alive, unarrested, and among this

ukrainian intelligentsia. earlier, like the evening before , they failed to gather this meeting. by that time , the german army had already entered, the main german forces had entered lviv. obviously , it was assumed that nachtigai would promptly declare this independence before the arrival of the germans. why was it important that if the germans came and installed, created an occupation administration. this would complicate the issue from a legal point of view. at first, it was thought to announce this act only in two points, and already in lviv, when a large number entered there of german troops, a stavatka under... old-timers, i would say senior politicians, said that it is worth adding a third point, mentioning germany, thanking the führer and saying that we are ready for allied relations, but that, you know, it was already like poultice to the dead, while fierce discussions continued in the daylight, people began to gather on the market square, everyone was waiting to see what would be decided, whether

ukraine would be declared independent, finally around nine o'clock. in the evening to the balcony of the building of the prosvita society, where the historic national meetings took place, yaroslav stetsko came out. he was holding sheets of paper in his hands. this was the act of restoration of the ukrainian state. as soon as he finished reading glory to ukraine, glory to the heroes, the lviv resident responded with loud applause: it's not time, it's not time. it's not time, it's not time, it's not time, the rock you serve. the old crimea of ​​ukraine has ended, it is time for us for ukraine, on the same day and the next, the text of the act will be read several times by announcers on the radio, so that even more people will learn about what happened, and later it will be announced in the cities,

towns and villages of galicia and volyn. however, on the same day when ukraine was restored. state on the way to lviv, the nazis will arrest bandera and throw him into a concentration camp, they will do the same with his brothers who announced the act itself, as well as with the announcers who had the audacity to read that act on the radio. 1.5 ukrainians will be behind bars, the nazis will not forgive them for their civility and will issue such an order. it is indisputably established that the bandera movement is preparing an uprising in the paradise commissariat, the purpose of which is to create independence. of ukraine. all activists of the bandera movement should be immediately arrested and after a thorough interrogation secretly destroyed as robbers. the short-term cooperation with the third reich is still used by various propagandists to denigrate the ukrainian liberation movement and its leaders. but it must

be understood that the main goal of ukrainian nationalists was the restoration of the ukrainian state. the beginning of the second world war was seen by them as a chance, the nazis - as potential allies, because hitler opposed the world order, under which there was no place for an independent ukraine on the map of europe. in addition, among ukrainians, the memory of support of the unr by germany in the war with bolshevik russia. however, these hopes turned out to be in vain. the reaction of the nazis to the spontaneous restoration of independence was swift and harsh. she showed the real one. the faces of nazis, not allies, opponents. the latter generally did not consider the ukrainian people capable of independent state existence. and if the honeymoon between hitler and stalin lasted almost two years, bandera's cooperation with the nazis ended so effectively and without beginning with the arrests and executions of ukrainian nationalists restored on june 30, 1941

. ukraine lost its independence a week later, but the events in lviv showed that ukrainians want to be free, and even subsequent arrests and repressions did not stop them from wanting to gain their own state. offshoot groups of un moved further east, deploying an underground network. at the end of 1942, the ukrainian insurgent army was created, the largest underground army in europe, which fought for independence against two totalitarian regimes: nazi and communist.

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from just uah 999, call, exclusively on the air of our channel, welcome friends, on the air.. the most relevant topics of the week: nato member countries have huge arsenals, and russia is already on the verge of exhausting its resources. topics that resonate in our society. this is the question of trump's victory, what is it? analysis of the processes that change the country and each of us. what else can the russians do? are they able to use, say, the resources of the lukashenka army allied with them there. vitaly portnikov and guests of the project read. help to understand the present and predict the future proposed to the united

states to conclude a bilateral security agreement with us a project for those who care and think politclub every sunday at 20:00 on espresso. ukraine is the country of sunflowers. every field is our national treasure. every little thing has its own story. every story has its price. ukraine is a country of heroes. we remember. hello, my name is volodymyr vyatrovych and this 10 days of independence project. why 10? it

so happened that over the past 100 years our path to freedom has been winding. i believe that understanding the turning points on this path is the key to a common future. therefore, i invite you to experience these historical events with me, to see them through the eyes of the participants. this year marks our 30th anniversary of independence, but it will actually be our 31st celebration. how so, you ask, the fact is that in 1991, ukraine already celebrated the day. declaration of independence, it was a day off, a public holiday, indeed, of some kind there were no traditions and rituals then, the leaders or communists of that time did not come up with anything better than placing flowers under the monument

to lenin. there were a lot of them then, more than 500. one of the last ones stood here until the end of 2013. laying a flower. timed to the first anniversary of the declaration of state sovereignty, which was adopted on july 16, 1990. today, this date has been overshadowed by august 24, but at that time it was considered a reference point for the independence of ukraine, and it happened a year before the collapse of the soviet union, but outside it was already the 90s, something change was in the air, it was the wind of change. follow the mosquat down to gonki park, listening to the wind of change. this is how

the famous rock ballad wind of change by the german band scorpions begins, which has become a true anthem of a generation. klaus meine, the band's frontman, later recalled that the idea for the song came to him in 1988, when they, musicians from west germany, visited moscow for the first time. window change was released shortly after the fall of the berlin wall and immediately became an international hit because it captured the spirit of that very well. time, democratic transformations in the soviet union and a wave of bloodless velvet revolutions in eastern europe. peoples enslaved by stalin, one by one overthrew communist governments and declared independence from moscow. creators and organizers of the people's movement of ukraine, among whom i was, we sometimes turned to experience from eastern european countries and the baltic countries. and of course. we

had a goal to withdraw ukraine from the soviet union and restore ukraine's state independence. but the scorpions song did not answer one question: from where did this wind of change take hold at all, why did reforms begin in the soviet union, which eventually led to the collapse of this superpower? when, in 1985, he became the new general secretary of the communist party. mikhail gorbachev became the party of the soviet union, hardly anyone could seriously assume that he would become the last ruler of a huge empire that occupied almost 1/6 of the landmass, but in reality , problems, primarily economic, were accumulating in the ussr. in the early 1980s, gdp per capita began to fall rapidly. in 1986 the year when the communists were summing up the results

of the five-year period. plan, it turned out that most of the indicators were not fulfilled. the command-administrative economy itself was to blame. it was not profitable for people to implement the state plan, they got nothing out of it. it was more profitable to come to work, do your hours and go home. and if possible, take something from work. the people did not even consider the so-called nesuns to be thieves, because everything was shared, which means it belonged to nobody. the result is labor efficiency in the ussr. usa lost five times. race weapons in such conditions became an unbearable burden. not even the record prices for oil and gas, which at that time accounted for almost half of all exports, did not help. and when prices collapsed from $35 to $10 per barrel, the ussr leadership began to understand that changes were inevitable. but at first in moscow they tried to go the usual way, to tighten

the nuts. both in the west and in our country, there are many voices that gorbachev is a genius, that all this happened because of gorbachev, this is not true, but there is a bloody trail behind gorbachev, these are the events in vilnius, in bbilis, in ferghani, there and in other places of the soviet union, when the soviet penal authorities suppressed any manifestations of free-thinking, one of the consequences. significant transformations in the soviet union were the loosening of censorship and political repression, which allowed yesterday's dissidents to revive national movements in the republics. the estonians were the first to openly oppose the moscow authorities. the declaration of sovereignty was adopted there already in november 1988 . following estonia, a similar law was adopted in latvia and azerbaijan. a powerful political movement, sayudis, emerged in lithuania, which

open headed for independence. for ukrainians, lithuanians have become an example to follow in many respects. the first, truly mass action, organized by the national democratic forces, also repeated the baltic experience. it was a live chain of many thousands that connected lviv and kyiv. this chain, it demonstrated the unity of ukraine, it demonstrated the readiness of active citizens to participate in targeted actions. to ensure the unity of ukraine and to restore the independent statehood of ukraine. in addition to the national revival, there were two more factors that coincided with the beginning of perestroika. the first is the afghan war, which did not end in any way. it was increasingly difficult for young ukrainians, as well as their parents, to explain why they had to go for...