who openly announced the course for independence. for ukrainians, lithuanians have become an example to follow in many respects. the first, truly mass action, organized by the national democratic forces, also repeated the baltic experience. it was a live chain of many thousands that connected lviv and kyiv. this chain, it demonstrated the unity of ukraine, it demonstrated the readiness of active citizens to participate. in actions aimed at ensuring the unity of ukraine and restoring the independent statehood of ukraine. in addition to the national revival, there were two more factors that coincided with the beginning of perestroika. the first is the afghan war, which did not end in any way. it was increasingly difficult for young ukrainians, as well as their parents, to explain why they should go to... and die there in the name of

some international duty. the second is the chernobyl disaster, and mainly the lies of the communist authorities and the hushing up of the scale of the tragedy. imagine. 300 kerosene bombs explode 100 km from kyiv, that's how the level of radiation pollution was estimated. meanwhile, the communist party expels 120,000 kyivans together to celebrate may 1 with the children at the christening. both the environmental and... military movements that arose in the late 80s in ukraine became part of the movement for independence. in ukraine, due to the harsh policy of russification, which posed a threat to the very existence of the ukrainian nation, despite all the negative phenomena that existed within the framework of the soviet system.

the cultural movement aimed at preserving the national identity of ukraine began, this cultural movement became the basis for the political movement, here is a frame from the first founding congress of the movement, it took place in kyiv in september 1989. writer oles gonchar opens the congress. the author of romanu sobor, which, after a 30-year ban on printing, was just then published, and the work had a huge impact on the then generation of communists, awakening national feelings in them. the speeches of yesterday's dissidents contrast with the lengthy and magnificent speeches of the writers. all of us, including the people's movement of ukraine for reconstruction, wish him to fulfill his great civic duty, his historical mission only when not all ukrainians and other peoples, including ukraine. by

homeland, we will become full-power masters independent of anyone on our native ukrainian land, glory to ukraine, an honored guest has been invited to the rukhivtsi congress, this is the second person among ukrainian communists, leonid kravchuk. lenin, whom i worship and will worship, as i worship shevchenko and lesa ukrainka. he began his... work, a righteous, great work, writing a work on what to do, and what happened today at your congress, not only that, it can be so democratic that it, that it is not invests in absolutely no mornings, the historic dinner took place here at the cultural center of the communist party of ukraine, today we may be surprised why the second secretary of the communist party is participating in the congress. as

kgb employees wrote in their protocols of bourgeois nationalists, and they burst into applause in response to his instructive instructions. the environment of the movement was heterogeneous, people joined the movement who were party members, i won't say they were communists, but they had party tickets. in fact, in the participation of communist bosses in movements of national revival on there was nothing unusual at that time. in lithuania , the first secretary. party algerdas brazauskas was one of the initiators of the creation of sayudis, and then the first president in the post-soviet period. however, after the 1990 elections , the union republics parted ways. in lithuania, saidis won two-thirds of the vote and formed his first government independent of moscow, without communists. in ukraine, the communists won the first relatively democratic elections. baltic republics, they have been since the collapse of russia. of the empire in the 17th century

year, they developed as democratic states until the 1940s, that is, the period when the communist system destroyed the ukrainians here with all its... power was much longer than the period during which the baltic people were destroyed. although the communists retained power, this power was no longer a monopoly. candidates from the democratic bloc also entered the parliament. they created an informal association narodna rada, which was headed by a... although the opposition controlled less than a third of the votes, they became the drivers of change. a group stood out among them, which the communists called the westerners. deputies are mostly elected in the western regions, including dissidents, the gorny brothers, vyacheslav

chornovil, and levko lukyanenko. these were educated people, some of them went to the social and brezhnev concentration camps. they had life experience and they... the main thing was the desire to achieve national and social justice and to restore the state independence of ukraine. meanwhile, the parliaments of other soviet republics began to declare sovereignty, that is, the supremacy of national laws over the union laws. at the beginning of june 1990 declarations of state sovereignty have already been announced. estonia, lithuania, latvia, azerbaijan and georgia. his colleagues in the opposition, that the time has come for ukraine as well. the first one offered me was zayets, ivan zayets. as i remember now, it was at the beginning of may 1990. ivan came up to me and said that here we are sitting, the russians have already adopted

their declaration on sovereign statehood, sovereignty, we are digging, we have to work, i say, what is the problem, let me... i will write this declaration very quickly , then i wouldn't think about going down in history, ot then i thought about how to create a document that would become a political and legal basis for the restoration of ukraine's independent statehood. while the council was debating the text of the declaration, the prime minister visited kyiv. british minister margaret thatcher, she became the first foreign leader of such rank to pay an official visit to the verkhovna rada, but thatcher made it clear that she saw ukraine only as part of the ussr. when she was asked if there would ever be an embassy of ukraine in london, she replied:

"we don't have an embassy in california." on the west did not really believe in ukraine and saw it only as a state, not as an independent country. thatcher was, yes... gorbachev's girlfriend. gorbachev charmed her. and gorbachev used the current as a trojan horse, which was supposed to ensure the preservation of the soviet union and the support of gorbachev. i was most outraged by the reaction of the hall of communists. they stood, clapped their hands and applauded thatch's shameful answer. in the fact that two days after thatcher's visit , the russian federation declared its sovereignty, and this became an additional an argument for those ukrainian communists who hesitated until now, saying that if the russians can do it, then we can too. in addition, the communists found themselves without their leader,

volodymyr ivashko, for the time being. he lost his career in moscow and left the chair of the chairman of the verkhovna rada to become gorbachev's deputy. this greatly demoralized the staunchest opponents of sovereignty. and on the other hand, it opened the way for ivashko's deputy, leonid kravchuk. so, how to know whether ivashko would not have become the first president, if he had not moved to moscow at that time. however, he still got 5 minutes fame when gorbachev resigned, ivashko was general secretary. and it was he who went down in history as the last formal secretary general of the soviet union. finally, the text of the declaration was agreed upon and adopted by the verkhovna rada on july 16. by her constitutional majority of votes, only roll call voting, i ask for technical means, vote,

355 for, four against, one abstention. the declaration talked about citizenship, all equal before the law, regardless of origin, social and property status, race and nationality, gender, education, political. views, religious beliefs, type and nature of occupations. citizens of all nationalities make up the people of ukraine. the territory of the ukrainian ssr within the existing borders is intact. only the verkhovna rada can speak on behalf of the people of ukraine. only the ukrainian people can own national wealth. in the economic sphere, creation of own banks, independent formation of price, financial, customs and tax system and state budget. control over the use of its funds. if necessary implementation own currency, they also proclaimed

the right to have their own armed forces, internal troops, state security bodies, the ukrainian state had to independently determine the order of military service for citizens of the republic. state authorities were supposed to ensure the national and cultural revival of the ukrainian people, the introduction and functioning of the ukrainian language in all spheres of public life. thus , ukraine joined the so-called parade of sovereignties. and the rest of the union republics followed her. american the political scientist zbigniew dzezhynsky later called the ukrainian declaration the first nail in the grip of the ussr. the last was the referendum on the independence of ukraine. however, this is another story.

we continue our airwaves in sumy and odesa, air alert, stay in shelters and do not ignore these signals, also reported from russia. the slides show beautiful shots of how in the rostov region at the oil depot, which was attacked by drones that night, the fire is growing, the flames are increasing, there is a lot of smoke, and this is how it is now it looks like, we hope, this is the kind of flash mob that was started even earlier, in rostov oblast, we remember very effectively, probably already on the 11th day, the oil depot in proletarsky is also on fire, which... this flash mob will continue, and there will be more such objects more and more.

i encourage you to donate, although we are not collecting such drones now, but our military needs any help. you see the qr code. at this moment, we have already collected 40% of the required amount. let me remind you, this is 3.5 million for drones and rep equipment for the third assault, 47th and 110th brigades. please join the of this gathering, listen to what the fighters have to say. good health, dear ukrainians, we, the fighters of the first assault battalion of the third separate assault brigade, who defend our native land on the front lines, urgently need your help, we need means of radio-electronic warfare against the enemy's small bpolas and komikaze drones, we very much ask for your help , glory to ukraine, glory to the heroes, glory to the heroes, this is the situation. we know that drones are needed the most, probably now in the pokrovsk region. the russians

are attacking from different sides, this track that is going to pokrovsk. the russians have now become more active in the direction of ughledar, they will try to encircle the city, obviously. and in the same way, the yar is stable, the plans have not changed, they want to capture it, because it is a height. so our defenders especially need our support there. in the meantime, we will join viktor boberenko, an expert of the analysis and policy bureau, to the conversation. mr. viktor, i congratulate you, glory to ukraine. glory to the heroes, good health to you. how many times have you watched this video, this press conference, specific parts? hello, hello. yes, yes, mr. victor, do you hear hello, hello, oh, now i hear, yes, yes, once again, i wanted to ask, i wonder how many times you listened to certain fragments from yesterday's press conference of the president. i really like to watch volodymyr zelenskyi and his

press conferences, they are from time to time, well , just very, very cool. and what is your favorite fragment? i think that we all liked the piece about the chechens the most, and unexpectedly, something we hadn't heard yet. what do you say, to what extent this communication that took place yesterday... was correct and in the conditions that we have, we have great difficulties at the front, on the one hand, on the other hand, we also have success in ... summarize our successes, on the other hand, answers to some questions and in particular regarding aid and what to do with people who are being evacuated, instead heard this: i didn't want to say it,

the united states and everyone knows it, oleg. tatar, together with vasyl malyuk, killed chechens in ukraine, in kyiv, while you were not here, it was not enough to drive him out, to drive him out so that he would be killed by the russians, mr. viktor, what do you think of such answers, feelings zelenskyi can tell someone, you were, you were not, i was, i was not, i i was also not in kyiv at that time, the projects... volodymyr zelenskyi tells there: i was in sumy, surrounded, in the occupied city, and we stayed here, and everything was fine with us, so volodymyr oleksandrovich does not forget all the time , if to show that he never ran away, but i want to tell volodymyr oleksandrovich zelenskyi that he did not run away

millions, not only that, we had millions leave and... they said we will fight, we will fight for this country, and therefore tell that i am a great guy here, all the rest were walking somewhere outside kyiv, well, this is a very bad story, this is a story of showing your bravery there, well, this is not our method, and i would like to say, volodymyr oleksandrovych, that millions of ukrainians did not flee, and even if some did flee... like they left , they had certain reasons for it, then everyone returned, here's what else i would like to say, that y unfortunately for us, very unfortunately, volodymyr oleksandrovich can only brag there, then we can also say about the press conference that the questions

are prepared in advance, and those who are best to ask the questions are prepared there. well, what else would i like to say, that this press conference once again shows that zelensky, as much as he was a narcissist, remained so, well, i don’t know, but the kid and the tatars, of course they were killed by the chechens in kyiv, that’s right there the horse understands, well, i don't know, i don't know, it made me laugh. look, it made you laugh, it pissed off a lot of people, but we we understand that the media also spread a large number of these answers around the world, what could be the reaction from the west not only to this answer, but also to many others, i would not if i were in zelenskyi's place, he keeps saying that

something is not being added to us somewhere , they don't add, they don't add, why didn't he say what i want? to tell our viewers that this year 18 billion euros were thrown into our budget simply as a grant by the europeans, and 18 billion dollars plus were thrown into our budget, simply into the budget, by our allies in the united states, yes untimely, yes there is something else, but they threw it away, that's why 18 billion euros plus 18 billion dollars are what the partners will throw at us. plus separately, there is separately germany plus 4 billion euros , it would seem small norway plus a billion euros and instead of taking and here he will praise everyone together, say that there are like allies, let's be honest, that we collect 1.6 trillion

hryvnias in the budget, and we spend them on the army, everything else, that is, all the salaries of teachers, doctors, social workers, 400 billion subsidies to the pension fund, what we do not collect, it was simply given to us, presented our allies, so let's silently applaud them, and not talk about the fact that someone somewhere didn't give us something, i'm zelenskyy , well done, i didn't run away, but somewhere there they're not finalizing, 18 billion euros volodymyr oleksandro. it's working out, it's very good, you know, it's like an anecdote, and you know why the son-in-law beat the father-in-law, and why it's because the father-in-law promised this three-room apartment for... the wedding, but he gave, he gave only a one-room apartment , there is a type, and for

this the son-in-law beat the father-in-law, there is a type, what did you bastard promise three, gave a one-room apartment, but thank you even for a one-room apartment, volodymyr oleksandrovich, but they don't know how to thank us, they don't know how to thank us, but they demand that we all thank and kiss zelenskyi's hands, for which, for the kebabs - promised in february 22nd, i will not thank , mr. viktor, the concept, the list of locations where we can hit, where we want to hit, zelensky promises, show biden, they say, we will not be anywhere else, only these places, and the second thing is the victory plan, and not only to biden, but both trump and garis, in short, the whole concept of how to work promises to... in the third year of the war already 2.5 years have passed since the beginning of a full-scale invasion, we understand that such locations and this

concept will not only get to biden, not only to trump and to harris, information has the ability to spread very quickly and it can be obtained not where we want, as far as is appropriate now , we were previously asked about this victory plan, reproached us for not seeing our idea. and now , on the eve of the elections, it is supposed to be provided, how is it? uh, of course, now he himself, zelensky says that we already have allies somewhere, we have nothing in common with our allies a vision of victory, and it is indeed true somewhere, because, well, there will always be allies on camera saying: to volodymyr oleksandrovich, we are for the fact that ukraine has come out, what is the plan for victory, the vision of victory, this is ukraine going to the borders 91 of the year,

russia retreats, withdraws, but let's understand that the allies are saying this on camera, yes, not on camera, they say, for example, to zelenskyi, there is a guy like volodymyr oleksandrovych, and you have 2,000 teachers of the ukrainian language, eh -er... stories that will go to the same crimea, to bakhchesaray, and will be there to read, well, ukrainian history, the ukrainian language, instead of those teachers who cannot be allowed to see children, when, for example, we liberate crimea, and you have workers in military administrations, i don’t know the same thing there, donetsk, luhansk, bakhchosarai there. will go to work when you liberate donetsk and crimea, you have these people, you don’t have these people, just like the teachers, there are no these teachers, but you have what

vision you have there, what about you, if you occupy somewhere, for example, there is donetsk , in donetsk it is necessary to understand that there are more widows than in lviv, kharkiv, than in kaluga and somewhere in some gentle place there. why, because once there these men from donetsk, there from the philharmonic hall , were sent to meat raids, they died, but their widows, their children remained, yes there , like, but how will you recognize their children as children of those who died in the war there like children from lviv or kharkiv, putin won't give you money for that.

we are very happy for you, but maybe, maybe, let's make it so that... we will say crimea is ukraine, donbas is ukraine, in fact, you will not bother to liberate donetsk and crimea, and this is the question that i would like to ask zelensky at the press conference yesterday , such as what we will do with the territory that we, well, for example, deoccupy, they, including these questions that i asked now. who ask zelenskyi not on camera and say, maybe, maybe he, maybe let's just stop there, who will be where,

let's exchange the kursk region now for... a gift of energy for our zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant and that's it. and this is what the allies say not on zelenskyi's camera. mr. victor, so that we know the truth, god love the truth. that winning plan which we talked about, and the question is close to what you would like to ask the president. so , probably not only biden would like to hear the victory plan, not only there in the west, but also those more than 7 million ukrainians who are currently not in ukraine, and... whom zelensky would like to return home, so that they were taxpayers so that they could provide for both pensioners and the social sphere, all the things that are needed, what do you think about this, this statement that people should be returned by force, no, but we would like them everyone was at home, is ukraine ready for all those people to return now, let's imagine 7 million return within a month, mostly women and children. are we ready for this,

of course, of course we are not ready, of course, these are just words, this is what zelensky wanted to say, maybe this is what the president's office calculated what we wanted to hear, accordingly , nothing like that will happen, well here grandma doesn’t walk, so it’s just a shaking of the air, and none of this is from what zelensky said... it will and will not happen, again, to return to somewhere, to which ukraine, to ukraine without crimea and without donbas, there are many people who have nowhere to return, there are still many people who have homes, like kharkiv residents, or many sumy residents, but sumy, here where i'm sitting, a lot of people have left, because there are flights here every day, and they just took them out.

children, i would very much like for 7 million ukrainians to return home, but they will not return as long as the war is going on, not only that, of the 7 million, at least half will never return, and zelensky must take this into account it is necessary, well, at least to conduct research on ukrainians who left, and who want to return, whether they want to, don't want to, at least half will not return, that is... out of 7 million of us who left abroad, we have somewhere around 3, 5-4 will never return, even after the victory, and we still do not know when the victory will be, how the residents of mariupol, for example, who have no desire to return to the russian federation now, will return, and we will liberate mariupol, and genichesk, and melitopol, and berdyansk, who knew, mr.

viktor, thank you, thank you for your answer. expert bureau of analysis and politics on the air of our tv channel, and since roman is not with us now, roman chaika, and his favorite column about how dark russia lives must be and must live, so news from kurshchyna, the kursk-rylsk highway, it is closed now for civilians, for civilian traffic, they say... that there is a huge number of ukrainian fpv drones there, traffic cannot move dangerously, and this, by the way, is the main supply road for those russians who are currently fighting near kursk, and the second news is about , that two airports immediately suspended, two russian airports suspended their work, the carpet plan is in effect there, they say that they have detected drones flying in that direction, we will observe, but

about 20 flights have been detained, for example, in... kazan. khrystyna parubiy knows more news and is ready to share this information with us. everyone. christina, i give you the floor. thank you, oksana. i will tell you in a moment in the issue in which areas emergency blackouts were conducted, as well as the situation in ukrainian cities and at the front. after russian shelling. all this further. wait. news on espresso, i'm khrystyna parubiy, i'll tell you about the most current things at the moment. emergency blackouts were introduced in the capital and kyiv region, as well as in odesa and donetsk regions, dtek reported. they noted that the order came from ukrenergo through...