i am in the middle of slovyansk, the city from which the russian occupation of donetsk and luhansk regions began in 2014. today it may be surprising, but long before the war in the early 90s, among the voices that demanded independence for ukraine, one of the loudest and most noticeable was the voice of this region, the voice of donbass. in the spring of 1991, mass miners' strikes took hold. half of the industry, the miners protested against falling living standards and total shortages, they still kept relatively high wages, but for these money was simply impossible to buy anything. the miners' dissatisfaction was well heard in kyiv, where the strikers went to the meetings. in addition to economic demands, they advocated independence. and here's why. at that time, ukraine ranked second in the ussr in terms of production volumes, and its gdp, according to... approximate estimates

, exceeded the then indicators of singapore and israel. therefore, the opinion took root among the population that it is worth separating from the union, stop feeding it, and the country will recover. the irony was that later, the same the rhetoric about donbas, which feeds the country, turned against kyiv. it has just become the capital of an independent state. and then such a brilliant move was made, as it is today. now it would be called technology. a leaflet was issued by the people's movement of ukraine. it was probably the best postcard i remember in terms of such propaganda material, there was a study by a bank that told how much ukraine produces, and the economic potential of ukraine at that time was estimated to be almost the fifth in europe, it was produced in mass circulation and we distributed it everywhere we could, and it worked so clearly that we are so rich, and the soviet union, the communist party took it all away, and if we... become

independent, it can all be wrapped in the benefit of the ukrainian people, that it worked in the south-east of ukraine, well, it's just magical, because there, after all, they voted more with their stomachs and material well-being, while western ukraine, galicia and kyiv, voted more for ideological reasons. national self-awareness became the second factor that contributed to the fall of the soviets in ukraine. it was a minority movement, but an active, motivated minority that was able to ignite even those who were only interested in the price of kubasa and its presence on the counters. and this process is well illustrated by the widespread spread of the blue-yellow flag of the ukrainian people's republic, which is still unofficial and banned over official state institutions. the first people here were the inhabitants of stryi, a city in the lviv region. the yellow fan flew

over the town hall here on march 14, 1990, and on july 24 of the same year, the ukrainian flag was raised over the kyiv city administration, despite the protests of the communists, the head of the kmda at that time even had a heart attack in shpetali. today, it is difficult to establish exactly when the blue-yellow flag was first raised over donbas. according to one version, it happened here. in sloviansk. local activists recount that as soon as they heard on the radio that the ukrainian flag had been raised over kyiv rada, they immediately went to the mayor to persuade him to raise the flag over slovyansk. they did not get permission, so they did it themselves, attached it to a coal and took it to the sky, the same day as in kyiv. in the summer of 2014, the second state flag of ukraine was raised over the slavic city council. when the ukrainian army regained control over the city, knocking out

the occupiers. returning to the 90s, we should mention one more factor. the third component of the perfect storm, the return of the national church. in june 1990, metropolitan mstislav was elected patriarch, although he was elected in absentia. the soviet authorities did not give permission for vladyka to come from the usa. mstislav, petlyura's nephew and a former combat cavalry officer of the unr army, was a symbol of the struggle for independence and the legacy of the ukrainian people's republic in the establishment of the new ukrainian republic. in western ukraine

, the greek catholic church made a triumphant return from underground. in september 1989, the soviet authorities were preparing. manifestation of believers of the forbidden church. this event was broadcast by tv channels of different countries. troops and tanks were already withdrawn to lviv, but the communists did not dare to attack. they retreated before the scale of the event. a few days after this manifestation , the then head of soviet ukraine, sherbytsky, resigned. together with him. the era of soviet rule was coming to an end. and i remember very well how we gathered in the center on pidvalnaya street, and when a huge procession moved along the present lystopoda vgochyn street to the yura cathedral, it was such a large-scale and impressive phenomenon that i

can personally say that it was a more magnificent manifestation than all the years that preceded independence, there was no leg of the leg, and this shocked even the organizers themselves, all of us, that is, we survived. we lived a colossal moment, well, elation, and a serious understanding came that we can win. on the eve of the ukrainian referendum on november 30, american president george bush called gorbachev and said that according to all indications, ukrainians would vote for independence, and that the us would have no choice but to recognize ukraine as a new independent state on the world map. gorbachev understood that this was the end. on december 1 , the voting began, it was really massive, the turnout reached almost 85%, people lined up again, but no longer for food, but in front of the ballot boxes, we already saw that public opinion is massively

inclined to vote for independence, and we were sure that there would be 2/3, but we didn't think that 90% didn't think, and the fact is that a lot of things converged here. i already said, the weakness of russia, the banned communist party, after all, on the same day there was a vote for the president of ukraine and for kravchuk, who even then, as it seemed, was defeating vyacheslav chornovol, the vote for independence was also a legitimation of his own presidential position, the coincidence of all these factors, all three, four or even five factors, and gave such an impressive result. even here, in donetsk region 83% of people who came to the polling stations voted for independence, even in crimea, where the level of support for independence was the lowest, this is what more than half of the voters said to the ukrainian state.

the first presidential election in the history of independent ukraine took place simultaneously with the referendum on that day. at that time, leonid kravchuk, a former communist, became it. after gaining more than 60% of votes already in the first... round, 23% was taken by former political prisoner vyacheslav chornovil. today it is interesting to compare their campaign programs. here is chornovola, detailed on several pages a plan of priority reforms, many of which are still not completed in ukraine 30 years later. and this is kravchuk's short program. the so-called 5d, prosperity, democracy, statehood, spirituality, trust. there are no specifics here. instead, there is a set of phrases about a social economy that works for a person, about harmony, prosperity and happiness. it is not even so much about populism here, so much about the fact that kravchuk had greater organizational support and was simply more convenient for the majority of the infantile population of ukraine.

which in fact leaned towards independence, because the soviet union collapsed, and chornovil took the same 25% who voted for the people's movement of ukraine in the 1990s and... we had almost 25% of deputies in the verkhovna rada of ukraine, that is, in that the moment of the active passionate part, which supported the independence of ukraine, was 1/4. on the second day after the referendum, poland and canada recognized ukraine without waiting for the announcement of the official results. the next day hungary, then lithuania, latvia, russia, bulgaria, slovakia and three dozen more countries, and the united states. 8 game near brest, the president of ukraine, leonid kravchuk, the president of russia, boris yeltsin, and the chairman of the verkhovna rada of belarus, stanislav shushkevich , signed the famous bialyovskaya pact, which ended the existence of the ussr. we were not

the first in this struggle against the totalitarian monster that was the soviet union. let's talk about this championship. returning to our airwaves , the alarm has actually sounded in almost all regions of sumy, crimea, and donetsk region. and luhansk region, that's where the alarm still sounds, so take care

and do not ignore these signals, during this night and during the morning in the kyiv area, about one and a half dozen russian drones were shot down, none of these drones reached their goal, we thank our defenders for defending the ukrainian sky, for defending us and with you our homes, and very often our peaceful sleep, how can we thank you? either at the front or for the front, you see the qr code, it’s for drones and for slaves, let’s shoot down russian drones and send them our own, 3.5 million is needed for three brigades of the 47th, 110th and third separate assault brigades collect, now we are approaching the mark of 1.5 million. 436 are on the account, it would be nice to cover all the need as soon as possible, purchase, transfer to the front, we... literally talked to the fighters from the east an hour ago and they said that very and there is a great lack of everything, there is

also a lack of people, there is a lack of weapons, there is a lack of equipment, because there are many russians and they have a lot of supplies, they were preparing for this war, so please, let's focus our efforts on what is really very, very important today. the qr code will help you do a good deed, and you can do it twice a day, do it twice. now. we will talk with our next guest, volodymyr tsibulko, a political expert, joins our broadcast, mr. volodymyr, glory to ukraine, glory to the heroes, well, we were just talking about the fact that we lack a lot on the front, we are constantly waiting for help from partners, but now it's not even so much about help, it's about kindness, about certain permissions, like, remove these restrictions on strikes on the territory. you see, we don't hit civilians, we we hit those objects from which there is a direct and very

great threat to our country, and now it turns out that the british, they are not against stormshadow flying to where it would be most effective for them to fly, but they are afraid of britain, they are afraid of the united states states of america, i apologize, why should the british be afraid, why are they afraid to make their own decision and give such a favor. two different countries and although there is a huge cooperation, but it is actually britain that used to often support the united states and its different political concepts? well, first of all, the united states has a lot to look around, but there is a synchronized solidarity policy, and britain, i want to remind you that this is a democracy, and in democracies politicians look around first of all at the mood of their population, that is, if among the population. begin to cultivate a certain fear that british weapons,

for example, against russia, will cause some kind of strikes on britain, then politicians should look back at these fears, take them into account, and conduct some kind of more balanced policy, relatively speaking, in addition, when the ukrainian authorities appeals to partners with a request. "allow us to use this or that weapon, because, well, because we are afraid, judging by the statements of ukrainian officials, ukraine did not look back at the position of either britain or the usa when entering the territory of the kursk region, that is, we must be here, or so they say , or a cross, or panties, then you think that the british can close their eyes or give such a delicate favor, but this position of europe, well, not

only britain, in fact, will remain stable until the states accept and announce their solution? generally comfortable the policy for our partners, for ukraine , would be the supply of components, and ukraine itself would refine and produce its own products using high-quality western components, here we are talking about the polyanytsia drone missile, and there is a feeling that this product uses namely jet engine. of british production, isn't it more inconvenient to mass-produce our weapons and not ask for permission, it seems to me that this is exactly what our partners are pushing us to do. i agree with you 100%, now it's a matter of time and implementation, if so the kind of scenario you're talking about is going to be possible, so can we do it

the right way, so that it's... quickly, so that we don't disappoint the partners afterwards, so that they don't say, oh, here you go again corruption, once again you stole something somewhere and made it not of such quality, can we do it right today in the conditions of war, well, firstly, we really observe more and more use of ukrainian neptune cruise missiles and very effective use, secondly, let me remind you.. . the oil depot of the russian state reserve caucasus burned down, and it was a blow to the products by ukrainians, then yesterday it was attacked in the kirov region, the kirov region, well, it’s vyatka, it’s 800 km east of moscow, more than 1,500 km from the borders of ukraine, well, some

unknown drone also attacked the rosrezerva oil base in... in the kirov region, and there is a fire now, so we can say that ukraine does not have positive experience in the production and use of the right devices in relation to the enemy, there is such experience, but why is this production not intensified, this is the question, i think, in this sense, we would they could even receive additional ones credits, but here it is... along with impressive results, because now, for example, the bloomberg agency also recognizes ukraine as a world leader in the production of reb and fpv drones, small drones, by the way, a completely original product and an original idea - these are anti-aircraft drones of defense,

more than 100 russian drones have already been destroyed by ukrainian drones in the air, this is it... the idea is technological, and it turned out to be very successful. mr. volodymyr, why did i want to this story with russian missiles, with russian drones that fly into the territory of other countries, and romania and moldova have already complained, the poles are constantly fixing something in themselves, and then they say, maybe it's a ufo, but they can't figure out what is flying towards them, there is no political will, there is no capacity. it is hard to believe, because they have enough equipment, techniques, and personnel, why is this happening, they have to coordinate all this somehow among themselves, or, for example, they can decide for themselves that we are failing, or we are not failing, what is here standing on an obstacle? well, missile attacks on the territory of poland, death

in my opinion, two people from russian missiles, in nato will be evaluated... a precedent, let's say, but not a basis for consultations under the fifth article of nato, i.e. for the organization of collective defense, besides, nato countries can themselves, well, not appeal to the whole structure, and to appeal to partner neighboring countries and create such micro-clubs within nato, in general, i have. the impression is that the politicians of the countries to which russian munitions are flying are trying to quell their nervousness so that, well, this russian blackmail does not spill over into uh, uh, so that this russian blackmail did not spread to society, so that nervousness did not cause panic there, which

would hit the economy, hit self-government, that is... everyone will try to keep stability as long as possible, and they can, for example, the poles, make a decision themselves, no, i'm not saying now about the application of the fifth article of nato, and about the fact that this is some kind of attack, well, it is an attack, yes, a foreign missile flies into our airspace, poses a threat to our infrastructure, our population, and we want to shoot it down, because what is this, could the poles take it on the level of warsaw is just at... well, the maximum that poland resorted to was to summon the russian ambassador, well, they sent part of the russian diplomatic corps there from the territory. poland, i think that the next step may be to lower the diplomatic e-e relations between russia and poland in the case of? i

think that russia will be incredibly frightened by this, they will be frightened, worried and simply will not know what to do with all this, if the poles suddenly do not want to maintain diplomatic relations with them. mr. volodymyr, to france, let's move, now to the european union is continuing investigations related to the telegram. in fact, there is one of the suspicions that telegram deliberately understated the indicators and declared that they have less than 45 million telegram users in the european union, this is done in order not to control this messenger in the same way as other messengers that are considered large online - platforms, and all this is happening in the context of durov's detention, we know that he was taken under strict supervision in court supervision, this is despite the fact that... he was released from custody, we saw this video, he left in his car, he left, well, but he has to appear twice, it seems for a week, and demonstrate that he

has not left france, he will probably stay there for a very long time in that paris, what further appearances can we expect and whether, in your opinion, it will have an effect on telegram in general , on telegram in ukraine, well, first of all... the use of telegram in ukraine increased only with the election of volodymyr zelenskyi, because ukraine was a democracy and there was no need for anonymous, for example, blogs, well, anonymity, everyone, there was no fear of any persecution for speaking out about authorities, but now really, for the first time , the authorities began to cultivate it, for the first time in history. probably, representatives of anonymous telegram channels took part in official press conferences of zelensky, this is know-how,

then the authorities did everything so that, for example, the heads of regional district administrations set up chatbots in telegram itself, that is , in essence, it was a state policy to set up structures in telegram, this was not the case in europe. and telegram especially in europe, well , first of all, in europe there is no fear for freedom of speech and the need for anonymity. how, well, exchangeable a platform like the telegram tool, well, not worse, not better, maybe in some parameters better, but europe uses more messengers related to fb, well, facebookcom or whatsapp, if more such secret exchanges are needed, then... a signal is used or trema, such a german instrument, and they are really well protected, that is, for

durov himself now there is a problem, because he is a french citizen, he really needs to establish relations with france. on the other hand, france is the guardian of europe. france is the most armed power in europe. alliances and the special services of france are very powerful, so it seems to me that now macron is acting on behalf of europe in order to, well, let's say this, this makhnovism, this, er, anti- convention convention, er, telegram to stop, so that telegram works in a conventional way, the way others act. resources in europe, and it seems to me that stupidly there will be no way out, for europe he will be forced to bring telegram up to

standards, in my opinion this is called the european electronic services charter, where the standardized rules for using resources are as follows, and then there will be a question of how the russians fight with when telegram will work according to the law. thank you, mr. volodymyr, volodymyr tsybulko, a political expert was with us, now a few words about medicine and about doctors at war, because when every day life is under threat, it is they, the doctors, who constantly save people, sometimes they actually do it even on the border opportunities further in our issue is the story of a doctor who devoted himself to the profession. doctors, medics or just people in white coats, the profession is incredible. important, especially in conditions of full-scale war, when they desperately both day and night, regardless of territorial attachment, they save the lives of small ukrainians, adults, and soldiers

on the left... doctor petro kozlov, on the left , has been saving children in the white church for almost 30 years, he chose his profession as a calling, because in almost all doctors in the family, studied in kyiv, later practiced in dnipro for seven years and eventually returned to our city, says that working with children is more difficult than with adults, i am an adult, an anesthesiologist, but it so happened that i came to... white church to the children's hospital, honestly, i first i was afraid, like the children, from which side, and then , to be honest, i am still afraid, and whoever is smart is afraid, petro vasyliovych heads the intensive care unit, in other words, this is not a planned hospitalization, where you should react immediately, not wasting

not a moment, the man speaks proudly about his... colleagues and admits that he is really proud of them. both babies and older children with various types of injuries, craniocerebral, disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, poisoning, etc., get to them. the doctor shares in the intensive care unit, even during alarms, explosions and difficult situations, it is worth keeping a cool head. you will never get used to it, but in intensive care. emotions aside, after work go outside and show yourself there, you have to work clearly, quickly, emotions aside, the manager also accompanies difficult children when they are transported to other medical institutions, in particular okhmadito, everyone is worried about them as if they were a family member, a son or a daughter, well , children are children, i have grandchildren. so you have to

treat yourself as you would like to be treated, huh, you can also headline pet it too, does it say for the bellows, bellow the voices, say for the bellows to receive, you know how it is like a zaschybych, oh, that’s it, it’s not ours anymore, it’s not necessary anymore intensively, thank god, transfer, ugh, to another department, on the doctor's bill is thousands. saved little lives, although he himself does not admit it and modestly owes his team. the general director of the medical facility emphasizes his professionalism. taking into account the fact that children come to him precisely in critical conditions, he does everything possible and impossible so that on the child's lips a smile appeared. usually, we doctors are compared to soldiers who carry their mission.

and the so-called defense for health, petro vasyliovych is a real warrior who keeps his word, who is devoted to his profession, who is devoted to his medical institution, this is us, who understands colleagues, who understands pain, who is not afraid to take responsibility and perform work at any time of the day. for today. this is very important, and usually, if you take life, each of us is surrounded by people, surrounded by many people, but if you ask yourself the question is, will you go with a certain person on reconnaissance, with pyotr vasyliovych, i, the leader , would go on reconnaissance. in total, this medical institution employs 420 people, of whom more than 100 are doctors, so every specialist in

a white coat deserves to be thanked by all of us... together for their commitment to the hippocratic oath. lyubov gerashchenko, oleksandr kuga, espresso, bila tserkva. it's 10 o'clock on the clock, it's time to find out what 's happening in... at this time, khrystyna porobiy is working in the studio. part of kharkiv was left without electricity after the night russian attack. energy companies have already started restoration - oblenergo reported. also, at night, the russians shelled the village of odnorobivka in the kharkiv region from a rocket salvo fire system. two private houses and farm buildings were damaged. also, in nivachyna , the power grids, which were only restored after the shelling, reported the head of the region, oleg.

the enemy also hit sanigubov with a rocket.