the first person who managed to reach karbala on the day of arbaeen, what a great man he was and what he did. when we come back and read the history of jabir bin abdullah ansari, you will realize that this person was one of the companions of the messenger of god. a person who was on the side of amir al-mu'minin in the battle of safin, was on the side of imam hasan , and at that time jaber had lost his sight, they enter with those preparations and bathe. atiya brings him to his senses.

then, hey, hossein, hossein, why don't you answer me and he mentions this several times, then he says yes, i do no, i didn't pay attention to a body whose age is separated from the head and the head is far away from it . so you lived a pure life and died a pure life, but the hearts of the believers are unhappy in your absence. peace and pleasure of god be upon you. i testify that you are the same. you went the way

your brother yahya son of zakaria went. seyyed ibn tavus, one of the shia scholars of the 7th century of the lunar hijra , writes in his famous book lahoof, when the women and the family and the wife of imam hussain, peace be upon him, returned from syria and reached the land of iraq, they said to the caravan guide: take us on the road to karbala. so they came to the slaughterhouse of the martyrs they arrived they saw jabir bin abdullah ansari and a group of bani hashim who had come to visit the grave of imam hussain with a group of the prophet's family. so they all gathered in that land at the same time and started crying and wailing and lamenting together. from the point of view of many

shia and sunni scholars and historians, the historical basis of the husayni arbaeen walking tradition, on the one hand , goes back to the movement of jabir bin abdullah ansari from madinah to karbala on foot, and on the other hand, to the arrival of ahl al-bayt in karbala in the first arbaeen of the year 61 ah and the burial of the pure heads of the martyrs. especially the holy head of the imam hossein peace be upon him next to his pure body, but some historians and researchers have a different opinion about this historical event. without a doubt, the elders did a good research in this direction, and it is true that this arbaeen arbaeen is the same. it is a year, because on the 14th

or 15th day of muharram, the caravan of captives moves from kufa to sham with a very gentle movement of 10 or 15 kilometers per day, that is, they especially moved the caravan of captives in such a way that they show off all this way. and they did not show yazid's power and the umayyad system to the people, that is, they did not follow the natural path in the evening, yazid's assembly and the sermon of hazrat zain al-abidin were read to such an extent that everyone was surprised by this speech, and it was contrary to the opinion of the ruling establishment and yazid to see the situation in the evening. according to

the traditions and on the tenth day of the journey, this caravan moves towards the direction of madinah. it was here that hazrat sajjad and hazrat zainab, peace be upon them , requested that we were on our way to karbala and that the normal movement was relatively fast, and according to those who have information about the movement of caravans in those days, this route was something around 1800. up to 1900 km. and a so-called orderly caravan and a regular person can reach this point in 5 days and the caravans reached this point in 9 days and this has been proved that from 61 a.h. to

132 a.h. when the umayyad rule was in effect, the pilgrims of karbala always visited imam hussain, peace be upon him. they were in trouble and tolerated the bad behavior of the umayyad government. the inspiration of the martyrs' bloodshed in the fight against oppression caused the emergence of a circle of truth-loving and truth-seeking shiites of the royal court. the recommendations of the infallible imams regarding visiting the grave of imam hossein are based on this passion and inspiration. may added, hence the rulers the oppressors always felt threatened and tried in every way to destroy this spiritual center. one year, one of the companions of the prophet came and said, "o

messenger of god, i have not succeeded in performing hajj this year. what should i do instead of hajj?" look around mecca, mount abu qaisah, if you visit this mountain. if you make red gold, it means the most valuable type of gold , red gold. if you want it, what can you do instead of hajj? hajj is so important. hajj is so important. when imam sadiq, may god bless him and grant him peace, comes, he says that in arbaeen, every step you take, every step you take is in the direction of ha'ir. hossein masjid sharif of hazrat aba abdullah equivalent so much hajjah 70 saying the number is less than even some authentic sources say the number of the first hajj and the first umrah of the thousand hajj and umrah of ashura during the two centuries until the time of mutawakkul

, the tyrannical abbasid caliph, and any changes and transformations in karbala and with. the court of imam hussain, peace be upon him, is spread throughout the islamic world. mutawakkul is not only famous for imposing severe punishments against the pilgrims of imam hussain, including the amputation and killing of shiites, but also, according to historians , he ordered the destruction of his tomb 17 times. zayd majnoon, a scholar and writer who lived in egypt, from hearing. mutawakkel's actions of destroying the grave seyyed al-shahda and the watering and farming in it are very upset and they leave egypt for ghusl ziarat. zayd majnoon arrived in kufa in 237 ah

and from there, accompanied by bahlul hakim , he went on foot to visit imam hussain (peace be upon him). hazrat aba abdullah's pilgrimage has never been interrupted since the year 61 until now that we are at your service, just like the circumambulation of god's house, the kaaba, and the wishes and hearts of free people, shiites and lovers of the ahl al-bayt after the year 61 hijri are the same. the kaaba has never been empty of pilgrims, in the most difficult conditions, in the conditions where martyrdom means that a person knows that he will be martyred. martyrdom is attained or martyrdom is attained in the return of martyrdom

or incomplete al-awad in the era of mutawakwal in the third century of 249 hijri when the hand of an old woman comes and it is obligatory to cut off the person's right hand. this old woman comes and her hand is left. she puts her hand on the place where her hand was cut off. the officer says that she should take her right hand. hijri has been nearly a century since the abbasid era reached its peak and the shiite rulers of albuya, which originated in tabaristan of iran

is ruling parts of iran, iraq and syria. during the years of their rule, the sultans of alb bubuyeh have not only made mourning for imam hussein (peace be upon him) in the days of muharram into an official ritual, but also restored the graves of shiite imams in iraq. they paid special attention to it and they themselves paid a lot of attention to promote the tradition of pilgrimage. azad al-dawlah, abu kalijar, azdullah bakhtiar and jalal al-dullah are among the nobles of daylam who repeatedly went to najaf and karbala to visit the holy shrines of amir al-mu'minan (peace be upon him) and imam hussain (peace be upon him). according to ibn juzi in

431 ah, the famous baghdadi historian jalal al-dawlah, along with his children and a group of his companions , went on a pilgrimage to karbala and najaf ashraf. peace be upon him , he covered the distance on foot. during this period, the land of iraq is known as the state of baghdad, a land under the control of the ottoman empire. is located ismail safavi is on his way to this state to expand the borders of his government. according to

ibrahim amini harbi, the historian of shah ismail's reign, after conquering baghdad, he first went to karbala after entering the city and visiting the shrine of imam hussain (peace be upon him) on foot, he stays awake all night in the shrine and personally participates in cleaning the shrine. and after offering expensive gifts and gold lanterns and ordering the construction of a grave cover made of stone and gold, he leaves for najaf ashraf. the author of the book fatuhat shahi writes about shah ismail's pilgrimage to the shrine of amir al-mu'minin ali (peace be upon him) on foot because the sign of the dome of wali allah was visible from a distance. he threw himself with all the commanders of mikran and left from there to ali goyan, and

when they got inside, that shahryar was a hostage. crying or ali goyan stepped on that holy threshold and became a pilgrim. during the safavid era, due to the constant competition and wars with the sunni turks, the ottoman religion has always had many ups and downs. although the safavid kings have conquered these holy lands many times and attached them to the rule of iran, but the misbehavior of the rulers of the ottoman officials with the iranian visitors and receiving a lot of money for customs and passports, as a result of leaving. brought the national capitals, it made the safavid kings, including shah abbas

i, direct the pilgrimage caravans' route to atbat khorasan and the pilgrimage of imam reza (peace be upon him) should be changed . among the safavid kings, most of all, shah abbas i paid great attention to visiting holy places, including the court of ali bin musa reza. peace be upon him has had he made his most famous pilgrimage in the lunar year 1099. a journey on foot from the front of the qaboo royal palace in isfahan to the city of mashhad and the razavi shrine, which lasts 28 days during the safavid era, well , anyway, the beginning of the fundamental movements of shiism with the arrival and request of elders like the father of the late sheikh bahai,

the late kirki. from jablamal lebanon and these two the nobles are brought to iran in ghazvin and then to the safavid capital of isfahan, between the beginning of the expansion of shiite culture, which is now in our category, mourning and walking to karbala , a pilgrimage to karbala. . for the qajar, this figure reaches 180 thousand iranians. 180 thousand iranians out of the population of iran at that time was a little over one and a half million. you see, 180 would be a tenth of this nation, just like ekman.

the year 1287 a.h. of the era of naseri, according to historians, in this era more than any other time mourning and pilgrimage of the innocent imams has expanded day by day. the political relationship between iran and the ottoman empire is in favorable conditions. that's why sultan sahib of the qur'an on friday. the 20th jamadisani leaves for baghdad from tehran with a detailed army consisting of cavalry, infantry, and the heshem's servants, which is worthy of the royal show of iran in atbat. a trip that lasts for 5 months and naseruddin shah

describes the complete description of this trip and the way of pilgrimage on foot and the presence of many pilgrims to susirani in karbala in his travelogue. it was found from far away from the gardens of the karbala grove. from here to the city karbala is two farsang. i went to the desert, sat on the sand, and renewed my ablution. we reached the first road and gardens of karbala. well, there are palm trees on this road, from the sefid bridge to the najaf gate. it is more than one farsang and from the sefid bridge to the gate of najaf, there were people on both sides , men and women, all were strangers, it was like entering the city of kashan or isfahan, karbala has a castle made of hard bricks by hossein khan, the iranian general, ghazwini, the ruler of yerevan. we sat on the table

, it is in a strange state, and we thanked the almighty. above hazrat's head, i prayed noon and evening prayers , then i returned to visit hazrat abbas, peace be upon him we went and visited the prophet's portico. it is broken, god willing . it must be repaired. the carpet and the felt of the holy dome are bad. they must be renewed, god willing. then i went around the hard rooms. the late sheikh abdul hossein has repaired them with our money. during the qajar period

, the issue of pilgrims was on the agenda in all negotiations between the iranian and ottoman governments, including the famous kurdistan treaty. for example, in the seventh article of the second rome agreement, it is stated that the ottoman government is committed to providing the necessary facilities to iranian pilgrims based on the treaties. the former is to visit the holy places inside the ottoman territory, so that these pilgrims can visit with complete health without any attack or any uncomfortable encounter. in spite of these interactions, naseri newspaper wrote in 1312 ah: the number of pilgrims is such that in 15 years. the last year has not been unprecedented . after the nasser period, we are again

coming to the era of ottoman oppression and the ottomans are very strict . especially a lot visitors of the case. they were harassed. as evidence of history, centuries after jabir bin abdullah ansari, a great companion of the prophet, may god bless him and grant him peace, was called the first pilgrim of arbaeen hussaini, in the 13th lunar century, sheikh azam morteza ansari shushtri, due to his great attention to the tradition of hussain's arbaeen pilgrimage. on foot, once again he honored the martyrs in his name in the contemporary era. the founder of arbaeen hosseini's pilgrimage on foot

was known among the scholars. during the time of sheikh ansari , some comfort was established. a ruler came who removed this ruler's strictness. sheikh and goes to karbala on foot a group of clerics from the area started walking together, the people of najaf and karbala and the mockers all started walking. he was shouting hosseini slogans. in 1305 ah,

nearly 3 decades have passed since the death of sheikh ansari. the state of iraq was separated from the ottoman empire during world war i and administered under british control. it won't take long to believe. the first cars to this area, the tradition of arbaeen walking has been forgotten and is one of the signs of poverty it is considered tight. during this time, whoever wants to travel to karbala on foot, must do so secretly. because in the eyes of the people, this movement is considered a kind of disgrace . it is in this situation that the wise scholar sheikh. hossein muhaddith nouri steps into the field, sheikh agha bozor tehrani, his student, who has closely witnessed the efforts of his teacher, writes that our teacher, when

he saw waz as a religion, he devoted himself to the religion of god's way and became committed to it, to carry the foundation and he used to rent a quadruped for the trip, but he and his companions traveled on foot because of this action in the year later, people's and righteous people's interest in this matter increased and it was no longer considered as ``r''. so that in some years, the number of marchers' tents reached 30, and each tent belonged to 20 to 30 people. in this way, this noble tradition became common. sheikh jafar kashif al-qata, akhund khorasani, mirza javad agha maliki. tabrizi seyyed mahmoud hosseini shahroudi mirzai na'ini, allameh amini and haj agha ruhollah khomeini

are among the scholars and authorities of shia imitations who went many times on foot especially during the days of arbaeen to visit amirul momineen (peace be upon him) and imam hussain (peace be upon him). it has been a long time since iran-iraq relations have turned into darkness over political issues, including the determination of geographical borders, and some iranians , including students and scholars, have been expelled from iraq. during this period, mourning for imam hussain (peace be upon him) , especially the arbaeen walking tradition , is prohibited, and pilgrims on foot are captured and executed, and this religious ceremony is closed. in general , taking guard in front of shuaar islamia, specifically hosseini. which, for example

, was prohibited in such a way that walking or these arbaeen walks were not considered permissible. i can almost say that there is no family in iraq that does not have a martyr . during saddam's era, regardless of age or shia , it was not reserved only for shia. people did not leave their homes for fear of being imprisoned or deported. or they will be martyred and the climax of this story of struggle with the poet hosseini and de-iranization started in 1948 and its peak was in 1956 when the bloody arbaeen began. 19th safar 1397 ah 4

days from the announcement of the circular. the bess regime's official ban on pilgrimage to karbala on foot is over. pilgrims on foot, ignoring this announcement and the threats of the army , continued on their way and reached khan nakhillah on 20 they have reached a kilometer away from karbala. the discussion regime, which is unable to deal with the pilgrims by threats, orders an attack. most of the pilgrims were arrested and sent to al-rashid barracks, the most dangerous prison in the nizam. they reached karbala and raised the bloody clothes of the martyrs along with the arbaeen flag in between the two temples. this is how the shiite movement of arbaeen 1397 ah is recorded in the history of iraq under the name of bloody arbaeen.

after that, let it be said to you, the muslim nation of iraq, they started moving during the night journey , that too from the path of nakhestan, however , shots were being fired towards nakhestan. they used to show the way to the pilgrims . they would come at night and pour oil into it and put a wick in it, as if the farmer wanted to irrigate . they would put one of these every 500 meters along this route. he would light it and show the way to the pilgrims, and after fearing that their guests would not be able to start their procession during this time, they would move them to some distance next to the date palm trees.

let them prepare and make the so-called livelihood for them during these few days when they walk on the road. in this way, during saddam's suffocation, the pedestrians were not cut off but it was limited. 5 months after the glorious victory of the islamic revolution in iran. he was old, sick , and somewhat inactive, and he took power himself, and as we know , a short time after that, we see the attack of saddam's forces on the territory of the islamic republic

of iran. some time after that , the baathist government felt that it had not achieved anything for these 8 years of war with iran. it is said that an iraqi officer arrived in basra and saw a statue of saddam in one of the main squares of the city. he addressed to him and told your servant that he pointed his machine gun at the photo. tira this is the spark of intifada that was ignited on the night of mid-sha'ban 1411 lunar year 1991. very quickly the fire of this movement spread to other regions of iraq and very quickly controlled 14 provinces.