you are the eyes of a martyr. in the name of allah, the most merciful , the most merciful. i offer my courtesy, respect and greetings to you , dear viewers . welcome to the first page tonight. this summer, the temperature has been increasing in most parts of the world, so that in the past days and months, our country , being located in the geographical region of the middle

east , is considered the second hottest and driest region in the world after the great sahara. this summer , we experienced successive heat waves in our country with temperatures above 45 50 degrees for all of us it has been very hot and exhausting, so that in august of this year, for the second time in a row, the temperature of the main weather stations in the world of iran was recorded as hot. this is the country of the world. register for more information about the weather conditions of our country. today in the first row of the studio , we are hosting dr. tajbakhsh, the deputy minister of roads and urban development and the head of the meteorological organization . you are very welcome. have a good time. to you, your colleagues, the viewers of this program , hello, thank you very much, before we start our questions, if you agree, my colleagues in environment group.

we all feel the heat more than usual . the earth is getting hotter and more dangerous for all of us everywhere. according to the report of the climate change service, copernicus, the world has experienced its hottest day in the last week and the average surface air temperature of the world has increased to 17 and 15 degrees celsius. if we specifically check the annual average temperature, we will find that the last 12 months have been warm. this period

was 12 months in the last 100 thousand years. in recent months, more than thousands of people in the world died due to extreme heat. temperature rise, industrial activity, it has disrupted government offices, schools and tourist attractions in europe, asia and africa. last month , the record for the warmest june month in history, since we had the measurement tool, was broken. persian gulf region with heat wave. a record low , dubai faced dangerous heat on 89% of the summer days, the most dangerous city in the world in summer . the hottest temperature of meteorological stations in the world is recorded in iran these days. our country, which is in the middle regions, now for the regions that are in the tropical regions, these changes are actually made at a lower speed. united nations about the rise in temperature has warned and said: extreme heat

takes almost half a million victims every year. i must mention the flood of fossil fuels that we are witnessing in some countries of the world. by signing such a wave of new oil and gas permits, they are actually affecting our future . fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions are the most important factors in climate change and global warming. as the secretary general of the united nations said, the leaders of the country. the industrialists of the world should wake up and take steps to overcome this crisis and prevent the earth from getting hotter. saeed hajizadeh news agency radio and television well, mrs. doctor, we recorded the hottest days of the year in some days of august , now in addition to the hot days in our own country, we passed them in international colors.

we also had a world record as the warmest country, so you, your excellency, please point out that even today , even though we have actually passed the middle of summer, the rule is to go to. according to the fact that the air temperature that has been determined in recent days, only 65 of your meteorological devices have reported numbers and figures above 45 degrees, please let me know that it is still this hot weather continues, well, let me tell you , the issue of global warming is not an issue to be discussed. it has been several years that the trend of temperature increase has happened in the world. during the last 50 years in our country, we have experienced an increase of 4 degrees celsius every decade. this number is a big number,

it is higher than the global average. therefore, we expect this situation to happen to us all year round, except for us in the spring of the year. in the past , we were higher than the global averages in the spring of 1403, i mean in the fall of 1402, the temperature increase in the country was more than the temperature increase in the summer. until today, in the fall of the year 4, at the end of the fall of 1402 , we were about two and one-tenths degrees higher than the long-term average . it is almost one and a half degrees that we are more than the average, so the trend of temperature increase in our country has happened since previous years , it has also happened in previous seasons, but in summer, because the temperatures are higher anyway, this increase

is more noticeable. the remarkable thing is the continuation of this increase in temperature. well, we did not have a temperature record in many parts of our country, although in a few cities in the southeast. country in sectors. this happened in some places, but it did not happen in the whole country. the thing that may actually increase this trouble, especially the people, and affect our energy resources , is the issue of the continuation of this temperature for many days, and the same. as you said, this significant increase in temperatures almost reached the second and later weeks of august, which almost never happened in our country. the temperature records that we have, for example, for the city of tehran , were mainly in late july or at most early august, after that the trend was decreasing, but we can see that in fact, this year's significant heat

has happened from the 10th to the 15th of the 16th and even the 20th of august. the highest temperature that i can say now, at least in tehran, as a leading city , was 43 degrees. during the previous years , the temperature was 43 degrees almost three times. we actually had a record temperature in tehran, but this summer it did not reach this temperature , but temperatures above 40 degrees have continued for several days in a row. how much is this related to climate change? basically, it seems that the temperature increase is a problem of climate change that is happening. but environmental factors are also very, very influential the emotional temperature we experience, for example , our proximity to hot springs, dark clothes, asphalt streets, high-rise buildings we build. it is one of the most important factors that makes this feeling of temperature more intense for us. how is dr. tajbakhsh in other countries? do we have a country that has critical conditions or conditions similar to ours in the hot weather that

we are experiencing now? in almost all parts of the world, on average, the trend of temperature increase has happened in the polar regions, this temperature increase is extremely high, of course, the critical conditions in the countries the temperature thresholds are defined in different ways , based on the actual tolerance of the societies, whether it is the infrastructure, or actually the manpower and their people . therefore, we cannot consider the critical number to be the same everywhere, but we see that many incidents occur in the northernmost regions. it has happened in the countries of the planet up to the southernmost countries of the planet. on average, there are 12 consecutive months in the world where the average temperature is one and a half degrees higher than before the industrial revolution, so this means a long-term continuation of the temperature rise in the world, well, our country is not an exception it should be noted that the highest increase in temperature that

happened in these 12 months was during the cold months of the year, and in the months of july and august , or in fact, june and july, this increase was less, but because basically the temperature in these months it is higher , this is more noticeable for all of you. it is related to the emission of greenhouse gases. well, the united nations has issued a statement and warned the countries. at the level of the statement, the problem of heating the air on the ground will be solved. climate change is the result, in fact, of global warming. yes, these are connected to each other, that is, when the air temperature increases, the interaction between the sea and the ocean is disrupted, and therefore the climate of the regions. it changes in different ways and one of the main consequences that we see is the increase and occurrence of extreme phenomena

, floods are increasing, droughts are increasing, storms are increasing and these are causing problems in predictability. there are many solutions at the international level. in order to actually manage this situation in the world, there is a board in the world called the intergovernmental panel on climate change or ipcc, which is also the reference of the iranian meteorological organization. national of the country in this is the board and the result is actually world assessments regarding temperature and precipitation and other atmospheric parameters are done by this board and the solutions to prevent this are presented in this board . in fact, the same figures and statistics are checked until another working group finds an important indicator of change. they work . there is a working group that works on vulnerabilities and

another working group works on compatibility. vulnerability and actually reducing the production of greenhouse gases has many solutions, in this, in fact, working groups it is presented in the form of booklets. i can almost say that these working groups are more than 12 thousand scientists all over the world in a completely spontaneous way. they carry out these activities without actually making financial profit, so they are reliable . there are no unpredictable things in it. actually, the main solutions are climate change , combating climate change, and the main solution is one of adapting to climate change, which is the methods there are several, and another one is emission reduction. well, the issue of emission reduction is especially for countries that produce greenhouse gases and basically they are producers of fossil fuels, both in the past and now. the countries that actually

have oil resources and their economic income is from oil do not agree with these reduction strategies . they try to focus mainly on structural issues. we are also among these countries yes, because we also have an oil economy anyway, and a large part of the country's resources are supplied from this route, and alternative solutions must be found for it, so that we can adapt in the field of adaptation. they do the warnings they give at the public level it helps people to be able to actually protect themselves and their communities against this heat . there are a series of solutions in urban planning . fact green roofs, the use of non-black, green-blue asphalts, these

are very common things that we rarely see, at least we don't see them very well, they should definitely be seen in the country's plans, because if the trend of greenhouse gas production goes up male reduction with this increase in temperature successively during different years we will have it. well, mrs. doctor, you mentioned the issue of rainfall. you also mentioned a little . you avoided it. considering that we are at the end of the water year of 1402 and 1403 , what is the average rainfall in our country ? how is it compared to previous years? we had an increase in rainfall, we had a decrease. well , on average , we will have more than 250 mm of rain in the country. of course , i wrote down the exact number of rains. october 1st of the accounting month. until today , we actually had 290 22994 mm of rain, which is

our long-term average is 2,297 rains, so we have about 3 million millimeters less rain than today , or less than 1%. remember, we had very difficult conditions in the fall, despite the forecasts we had and all the models showed us that the rains were good, unfortunately , it did not happen in the fall and basically the reason was the unpredicted heat in the meteorological models. it was not seen , so the weather patterns that formed in our area the patterns of being warm and not allowing the systems that mainly enter the country in autumn and winter and are baranza to enter our country and our region basically, and

this situation almost started from the end of march, and this is actually a significant decrease in rainfall. by the grace of god in gibran spring. therefore, we are now within the range of the country's normal rainfall in the rainy year, which is higher than the previous year, which is higher than the long-term averages, but the very important point is that although the rainfall has occurred within the normal range, but because the year we had very little rain in the past we don't have very significant underground resources and we see that we are suffering very difficult consequences from this, including the subsidence that happens in the country. therefore, in my opinion, the management of water resources is perhaps our most important order in protecting the capital of our land. in which regions of our country have the rains been favorable? in fact , the most rainfall

has occurred in the provinces of sistan baluchistan, south khorasan and yazd, which is due to the heavy rains that mainly, it was a flood and it happened in the spring . if you remember, one of the consequences of this climate change was the same type of rains that happened in the united arab emirates . after that, these things happened in our country. fortunately, in the field of crisis management , we were able to have a good management in this sector. in the previous part of your statement , you mentioned about the spring rains. well, this year's spring rains were proportionate and appropriate compared to the similar period, but that's it. the rains, which had a significant growth, from the point of view of us , who live in the society , we observed that these rains caused a series of damages in a series of areas,

such as chalus road, for example, swadkoh here. mr. afrid also mentioned the incident that somewhere. it caused a flood even in the uae. i would like to know if you can explain more about the definite spring rains and that in order to deal with heavy rains like what we experienced this spring, it will happen in a short time and cause huge damages. on our hands and then i'll talk i'm done, you will explain about these things. well , as you said, basically, maybe the main reason for the occurrence of floods is rainfall. ok, but if the water is on its own path and there are no obstacles in its way, it is extremely possible to manage this water well, even in the downstream , now the civilized and advanced countries of the world collect this water and use it for the warm season of the year. for example, japan is one of the countries where the water that flows upstream or

collects behind hundreds, the valves are opened or in any case it turns into flowing water and flows in the rivers and we cannot collect these downstream. making areas like old reservoirs to collect these fresh waters and not allowing them to flow into the salty seas is one of the most important solutions that we can actually manage these fresh waters. on the other hand, there are two factors. it is very important in our country, which helps to better manage the floods that happen in the country. unfortunately, we have a lot of land use changes in the country. the flood of shiraz in 2018, the flood of mashhad happened some time ago, and the flood that happened in imamzadeh dawood , these were basically floods, although the intensity of the rainfall over time the shortfall that happened was a lot, but if the water path was open, most of it would have been directed in the same water path, and this did not happen, and the water finds its way

into the cities, and unfortunately, in all cases, we had relatively heavy losses. and we have experienced, so one main solution is to observe the land use according to the procedures that exist in the country and according to the documents that exist in the country . it is very, very important to respect the boundaries of the rivers in the lorestan flood that happened in 2018. basically, many villages that were actually affected it was because of the constructions that had been done along the rivers, so the temporary use should be in fact the main place. it should be protected so that the minaret can actually be a waterway for flood flows. another important factor is our dilapidated infrastructure. unfortunately, it has been a long time that the bridges, roads and many other infrastructures do not have the resilience of the current situation. well, these

were built with a period of return of specific rainfalls, so when the amount of rainfalls exceeds that limit, this is definitely it destroys the structures . we need to make sure that our plan is in the country has climatic annexes, data and information of these annexes must be approved by the organization. in fact, in many of the big projects of the country that are being carried out now, the respected contractors actually comply with the climate issues , but in terms of the fact that there is a confirmation in doing these works and the return periods of silasa rains are taken into account, i think the approval of the organization meteorology as the official data custodian of meteorological information is very important, but the issue of climate change is something that has happened in the world, so our country is also because of lack of it. compliance with these items i said that it is very vulnerable, so there should always be full preparation in terms of managing weather and climate crises in the country, because both

the structures are almost worn out, and the issue of cultural issues should be greatly strengthened among the people , and the change of land use should be improved. god willing, how far in advance can you predict the amount of rainfall in the next 3 months, assuming in the fall. well , you see, the problem of forecasting is basically not prediction, as the famous saying says, atmospheric equations have a series of differential equations and mathematical solutions that solve these numerically and the main parameters weather, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind, are predicted for hours, days, weeks, or years to come. well, basically, this mathematical application creates an inherent error in generating answers. therefore, atmospheric forecasts

are always associated with an inherent error. well, other issues such as the lack of input data, such as the consequences of climate change , which have very low predictability , are also added to this issue. therefore, as we move away from the time of the event, the predictions are actually less likely and non-existent. more uncertainties occur due to the fact that seasonal forecasts are forecast the annual and even decade and century forecasts that are being made now can actually have errors, so if they say that some experts say that we have a low rainfall autumn, one third of the rainfall will decrease, see how much of a limit it is. now the models show this problem, that is, it shows that in our region we have a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature , but what should we do as a user of this information. in fact, whether we are general public or specialized users, we should keep in mind that the accuracy of this information in the world is not more than 70%, so our models are definitely based on the data.

our information will be less accurate, so we count this with a 60% probability for now , but definitely, any change that happens , any update that is done, must be informed by the models that are currently there, with those mathematical numbers. which you mentioned here. there is a stage where organizations and institutions that need to know in order to have an alternative, to know whether it has been announced or not in order to make special arrangements , so that this happens closer to happening and the probability is higher in the hundreds. see this we have not officially announced the information yet, but all the users. at least our specialized users, such as the water field and the agricultural field , have access to this information, not just us to export it. in fact, the information on the internet

is available to everyone on related sites. what we should pay attention to is that before weather forecasts are not certain predictions, that is , user devices must have different scenarios for different events, and if this prediction is correct , what is the path, in fact, in the field of these , mathematical models have been solved and there are definitely errors, but such as other tools are a tool at our hand that by looking at this we can plan our plans in different scenarios. thank you very much. let's go to arbaeen . karbala is blessed, especially those who go by land, think about the weather condition of the country, whether it is our own country on the way to the border

or after. from the border to the country of iraq, can they be informed about the current situation and how much the air temperature is? well yes this is one of our main duties at the arbaeen headquarters, which is formed by the meteorological organization, as one of the members that provides weather forecasts to the respected realist and other users , we are ready to update all this information. from the 1st of the travel month, we have approximately 10-day forecasts, specifically for pilgrimage destinations in iraq, as well as the terminals from which people travel , the western terminals of the country that enter the country of iraq, and the eastern terminals that they leave from. in fact, the neighboring countries enter iran and go to iraq from there from 10 we issue the forecasts the day before, well, the main issue now is the heat of the air according to the season and the events that have happened, and maybe if

there are dust storms, maybe. the most important things should be that our colleagues in different areas and general users like the honorable zahir are updated . this information will be uploaded on the website of the meteorological organization with the title of arbaeen weather . it is at the discretion of the users and our colleagues who are at your service here at sada vasima and provide this information through national networks. and the tv also provides information, while my colleagues in the forecasting centers of the headquarters and the provinces are at the service of everyone, in fact, they are dear visitors who can provide any information they want. article 22 is related to the management of climate change, how good is it that in the first year of this program we can

achieve what the program determines. let's achieve it. i don't think it's an issue of optimism, it's a mandatory issue. we must have this program for the country because the issue of climate change is a very important issue. it is serious at the world level, now many countries of the world have announced their long-term plans towards adaptation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. very big countries that are also the main producers do this, we must do this too. with what mechanism, unfortunately , we see the consequences of climate change very much in the country. well, according to the seventh development plan, the responsibility for this work lies with the environment agency. there are also institutions such as the ministry of roads and urban development and the meteorological organization in fact, they are collaborators of this plan. now, considering that the new government has been installed, i think. one

of the main priorities of the government should be the issue of paying attention to the environment in the issue of climate change so that we can actually manage our other areas optimally. bachelor's degree and a little higher is being done, but in my opinion, there should be an emphatic order from the president to the supreme council of environment headed by the organization. the country's environment and related devices. we are in the field of water, agriculture, industry, the environment is the most important institutions that must include the issue of climate change in their programs. in fact, agricultural production, the amount of water consumption, hundredth production and other cases in the industry, air pollution, all these are the cases that the issue of climate change can severely affect these , and its effects are multiplied in the country.

therefore, i think that perhaps one of the main things that will help us preserve our territorial capitals, both material and human capitals, is to spend a lot of money on the consequences of climate change in this rasta nadim, this is the program that must be implemented in the country. how many times have you mentioned that it is necessary and mandatory that the clause in article 22 must be imposed in the first year, in any case, the consequences of climate change will intensify the weight and it will definitely cause a lot of costs for the country , and if we do not adopt solutions to adapt to climate change, solutions to reduce the consequences of climate change and reduce emissions.