from jebel amel lebanon and these two dignitaries are brought to iran to be in ghazvin and then to the safavid capital of isfahan, between the beginning of the expansion of shiite culture , which is now in our category, mourning and walking to karbala, a pilgrimage to karbala. 50 thousand iranian pilgrims during the qajar era, this figure reaches 180 thousand iranians. 180,000 iranians from the population of iran when it was a little over a million and a half. you see, 180, how many tenths of this nation would be exactly like ekna. year 128

of the lunar calendar of the nasrid era, according to historians, during this period, more rituals than ever before mourning and pilgrimage of the innocent imams has spread day by day. the political relationship between ottoman iran is in favorable conditions. therefore, the sultan saheb of the qur'an, on the 20th of jumadi and the second friday, with a detailed army consisting of cavalry, infantry, and his servants, which is worthy of the royal display of iran in atbat , will travel from tehran to baghdad, a journey that will last 5 months, and naser al-din shah in the book his highness atbat's travelogue is a complete description of this journey and the way of pilgrimage on foot and in the presence of many pilgrims.

this is how he describes the people in karbala. it was found from far away from the gardens of the karbala grove. from here to the city karbala is two miles. i went to the desert, sand dunes, sat down and performed ablution. we reached the first road and gardens of karbala. well, there are palm trees on this road, from the white bridge to the gate. najaf is more than one farsang, and from the white bridge to the gate of najaf, there were people on both sides , men and women, all were strangers, it was like entering the city of kashan or isfahan. we went inside, it was crushed , it is in a strange state, thank you.

i performed the noon and evening prayers on top of hazrat abbas's head we went and looked at the prophet's portico, it is damaged, god willing , it must be repaired, the carpet and the felt of the holy dome are bad, it must be renewed, god willing, then i went around the sahan chambers. the late sheikh abdul hossein repaired it with our money and built it well, but the tiles should be made of stone, god willing, during the qajar period, in all the negotiations between the iranian and ottoman governments, including the famous kurdish treaty , the issue of pilgrims was on the agenda. has been

for example , it is stated in the seventh article of the second rome agreement. the ottoman government is committed to providing the necessary facilities to iranian pilgrims based on the treaties the former is to visit the holy places inside the ottoman territory, so that these pilgrims can visit with complete health without any attack or any uncomfortable encounter. it is in spite of these interactions that naseri newspaper writes in 1312 hajri qamuri that the wealth of the pilgrim population is so high that it has not been seen in the last 15 years. after the nasser period, we will again reach the period of ottoman oppression, and the ottomans are very strict . in the history of iraq, we

have many examples of forcing children to throw stones at pilgrims, especially in baghdad. abused and they were harassed. as evidence of history, centuries after jabir bin abdullah ansari, a great companion of the prophet, may god bless him and grant him peace , was nicknamed hussaini, the first arbaeen pilgrim, in the 13th lunar century, sheikh azam morteza ansari shushtri was given the title of arbaeen pilgrimage due to his great attention to the tradition of arbaeen pilgrimage. hosseini on foot once again honored his name in the contemporary era of devotion to the leader of the martyrs . hosseini, the creator of arbaeen pilgrimage on foot, was known among the scholars. during the time of sheikh ansari, some comfort

was established. a ruler came who removed this ruler's strictness. sheikh ansari when he walks to karbala a group of clerics from my district are walking, the people of najaf and karbala and muqaldin are all walking, every reference and every personality from the smallest space that comes into being, the full exploitation in the revival of islamic traditions, including this slogan. he was walking and chanting hosseini slogans. year 1305 ah. almost 3 decades have passed since the death of sheikh ansari.

the state of iraq was separated from the ottoman empire during world war i and administered under british control. it won't be long that with the arrival of the first cars in this area, the tradition of arbaeen walking was forgotten and poverty and poverty are considered to be hand-me-downs. during this time, whoever wants to travel to karbala on foot, must do so secretly. because in the eyes of the people, this movement is considered a kind of shame. it is in this situation that the wise scholar sheikh hossein muhaddith noori steps into the field . sheikh agha bozor tehrani, his student who closely witnessed the efforts of his master, writes: when our master saw the situation in this way, he devoted himself to this godly way and

became accustomed to it. he used to rent four-legged horses to carry his luggage, but he and his companions walk on foot they walked as a result of this action, in the following years, the desire of the people and the righteous people increased and it was no longer considered to be "ar", so that in some years the number of tents and tents of the marchers reached 30, and each tent belonged to 20 to 30 people. in this way, this noble tradition became the norm of sheikh jafar kashif al-qata, khorasani akhund, mirza javad. agha maleki tabrizi, seyyed mahmoud hosseini shahroudi, mirzai nayemi, allameh amini and haj agha ruhollah khomeini are among the shia scholars and authorities who often go on foot, especially during the days

of arbaeen, to visit amirul momineen, peace be upon him. imam hussain (peace be upon him) left. it has been a long time since iran-iraq relations have turned into darkness over political issues, including the determination of geographical borders, and some iranians, including students and scholars , have been expelled from iraq. during this time, mourning for imam hussain (peace be upon him), especially the arbaeen walking tradition, is prohibited, and pilgrims on foot are captured and executed. and this religious ceremony is closed. in general, taking guard in front of shuaar islamia, specifically hosseini, well, the movement of processions, for example, was prohibited. walking or these arbaeen walks were not considered permissible. almost

i can say that there is no family in iraq that does not have a martyr. during saddam's era, whether sunni or shia, it was not reserved only for shia. people did not leave their homes for fear of being jailed or deported. and the climax of this story of struggle against shuahar hosseini and de-iranization started in 1948 and its peak was in 1956 when the bloody arbaeen began. 19th safar 1397 ah. four days from the announcement. the official decree of the dakhra regime banning the pilgrimage to karbala on foot is being passed. pilgrims

on foot, ignoring this announcement and the threats of the army , continued on their way and reached khana nakhillah on 20 they have reached a kilometer away from karbala. the discussion regime, which is unable to deal with the pilgrims by threats, orders an attack. most of the pilgrims are arrested and transferred to al-rashid barracks, the most feared military prison in iraq . only a small number of pilgrims manage to reach karbala and raise the bloody clothes of the martyrs along with the arbaeen flag. this is how the shia movement of arbaeen 1397 ah is recorded in the history of iraq under the name of bloody arbaeen. after that , let it be said to you, the muslim nation of iraq started to

move during the night journey from the nakhlestan route. however, they used to shoot towards nakhlestan , they went at night and during the day, they would show the way to pilgrims at night. they would come and put some oil in it and put a wick in it as if the farmer wanted to irrigate. they put one of these every 500 meters. this would both light the way and show the way to the pilgrims, and after fearing that their guests would not be able to start their procession during this time, they were moved to a distance next to the palm trees. dates were left with food so that the pilgrims could prepare their own food and the so-called orders

may their livelihood not be interrupted during saddam's suffocation, but it was limited 5 months after the glorious victory of the islamic revolution. in iran, saddam at that time , i think he was a young man, for example, 42 years old, he was able to push aside ahmad hassan al-bak, who was a 66-year-old, sick and somewhat inactive president, and took power himself. well, as you know, a short time after that, we witnessed the attack of saddam's forces on the territory of the islamic republic. for some time after that, iran felt that the baathist rule was

he has not achieved anything for these 8 years of war with iran. it is said that an iraqi officer arrived in basra and saw a statue of saddam in one of the main squares of the city. his own machine gun towards the photo. there was a shooting, this is the spark of the intifada that was ignited on the night of mid-sha'ban 1411 lunar year 1991. the fire of this movement spread to other regions of iraq very quickly and the control of 14 bostan out of 18 iraqi provinces fell into the hands of the insurgents. at this point in time, we are witnessing a consultation between

the sheikhs of the region are very concerned with the americans that the second islamic republic is being formed, where in the region of balad rafdin euphrates , what should they do at this point in time, even though it was decided in the safwan tent, the no-fly zone was declared in iraq but allowing the helicopters of saddam's regime, even the tanks , helicopters and tanks to fly, is really fuel for not having fuel for the helicopter. and these tanks were supplied by the americans themselves , so that saddam got a new military comeback. starting to suppress the people in the event of the election

of shabaniyeh, about half a million people were massacred within a few days. in less than two weeks, this was done to the people's vows. in the same period between the two holy places , according to historical sources, it was said that something like 3,800 people were massacred, and the holy cities were attacked, such as karbala and najaf, the alavi shrine, with scott missiles. it is said that people were attacked and even went to this network. abbasi and hosseini had taken refuge in the shrine , their hands were attached to the net, they were separated, and there, in fact, a live shot was fired at them. it means that the uprising should be brutally suppressed by your service during the attack on the holy cities of najaf and

karbala on the tanks that are responsible for the suppression with red spray. the people who took refuge in the desert were arrested in the desert in a heinous way, they are actually being massacred even though it has been a long time since 2003 and the fall of saddam hussein. a significant amount of time has passed , and still there are still groups of collective hands around halla, around karbala, around najaf, nasiriyah, al-amara, basra , some of which, for example, may have included several thousand innocent people, as a result of this repression. the result of this is exactly like a spring that you

press a lot and then towards your own face that you press a lot and then towards your face. you will be thrown.