russia has targeted hundreds

of museums, libraries, and churches in ukraine. >> look at this. >> in what some are calling a cultural genocide. >> we'll never forget it. the cultural legacy, cultural heritage, this is what make us rich and what we have to protect and pass to future generations because destroying our past, russia tries to destroy our future. i thought, wow, this is even worse than i thought. that's what happens with our exhaled breath. >> it may be the biggest takeaway from the pandemic. our indoor air needs to be ventilated and filtered at a much higher level. >> think about the public health gains we've made over the past 100 years. where has indoor air been in that conversation? it's totally forgotten about, and the pandemic showed what a glaring mistake that was. winning and losing money. for millions of fans like these

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in october, a u.n. report found new evidence that russia had committed war crimes in ukraine with deliberate killings and widespread use of torture. but they have yet to examine the intentional destruction of cultural property, which also is a war crime. ukraine accuses russian forces of targeting churches, libraries, and looting the country's most important museums. and while plunder is as old as war itself, ukrainian investigators say this is different. they see a campaign of cultural genocide to destroy ukraine's identity as a nation. as we reported in november, a network of cultural warriors in ukraine is building the case against russia. it's a heritage war one told us. and we joined them on the front lines. >> reporter: not much was left of the tiny village of viazivka

a few hours northwest of kyiv after russian forces overwhelmed the region in 2022. but we weren't prepared for this. >> my god. so, ihor, what happened here? >> liberation of ukraine by russian occupation forces. you see what this liberation means. >> why would they target a church? >> in this small village, this was the main place. and it was targeted just to destroy what keeps the whole village and the whole community together. >> reporter: ihor poshyvailo is director of the contemporary maidan museum in kyiv. he'd brought us to see the carcass of the church of the nativity on ukraine's heritage list. poshyvailo told us the russians had deliberately shelled it when they retreated. there was no fighting nearby. built in 1862, the church had

survived two world wars, communism, and a revolution, but not this. >> so what message do you think the russians were trying to send by destroying this church? >> we are strong. you should be afraid of us. and we will do what we want to do. we don't need you on this land. we don't need your traditions, beliefs, your culture. you'll not -- you'll not exist. >> erase you. >> erase you, exactly. >> reporter: as we sifted through the wreckage, poshyvailo told us the church had been famous for its unique centuries-old folk art. >> and these are all paintings? >> yes. and you can see that they still have -- >> look at this. >> reporter: he told us this was one of 700 churches that have been hit so far. some were collateral damage. many were not. to document the destruction, poshyvailo co-founded the heritage emergency response

initiative, a sort of cultural s.w.a.t. team that travels to damaged sites, interviewing eyewitnesses and saving what they can. >> it's a nightmare for me because every morning i get up and i think that it's -- it's not reality what we have. and at the same time, the feelings that we will never forgive. >> never forgive? >> we'll never forgive. i mean, the cultural legacy, cultural heritage, this is what make us rich and what we have to protect and pass to future generations. that's why i can see that it's one of the front lines in this war, because destroying our past, russians tries to destroy our future. >> reporter: it's not only churches. hundreds of museums, libraries, and monuments have been bombed, burned, or shelled. in 20122, the russians razed this small folk museum near kyiv to the ground. nearby buildings were untouched.

farther east, russian artillery destroyed this museum. locals carried out the only surviving statue of its patron saint like a wounded patient. poshyvailo and others told us they believe it's a strategy that comes straight from the kremlin. for years, russian president vladimir putin has publicly dismissed ukraine's right to exist at all. "we are all russians," he said. many museum workers have been arrested, even kidnapped by russian soldiers. >> you don't usually think of museum workers as being in danger. >> they are among the first people russians come for. >> why? >> well, first of all, they are interested in the collections. where did they hide the collections? what is the value of the collections? and the second reason is museum workers are leaders in their community. >> reporter: milena chorna is head of international exhibits

at the national war museum in kyiv. she helped set up a museum crisis hotline for workers in the war zone trying to save their collections. they were soon swamped with calls for help, sending money for russian bribes, devising escape routes, hiding paintings, and sometimes just to talk. >> you cut off all your emotions, trying to do everything you can to help. putting it all through yourself, it is really difficult. and at some point, you realize, yeah, that you have a ptsd already although you haven't been to the forefront. >> reporter: milena chorna told us many workers actually moved into their museums to help guard the collections even as the bombs fell. in the north, during the siege of chernihiv, she told us about one museum worker who moved in with her 8-year-old daughter. there was no electricity, no water, no heat.

>> when it got really bad -- >> reporter: weeks later, volunteers trying to deliver a generator to the museum were killed. >> she stayed? >> she stayed. she stayed until the liberation, yes. and now she is in the army. >> what do you think of that? >> i believe at some point, she might have acknowledged that what we are doing is not good enough. and at some point, we will all have to become soldiers. we might all have to become soldiers. >> reporter: ukraine has accused russia of looting more than 30 museums, calling it the biggest art theft since the nazis in world war ii. in kherson, russian soldiers cut paintings from frames, dragged out priceless antiques, and cleaned out more than 10,000 works of art. even so, chorna told us, many museum workers wouldn't leave. >> how can i leave these things to be looted or destroyed? if i know it's the history that will last for generations.

>> reporter: can you explain that passion to me? >> i might not be able to say that without emotions. but, um, i think that -- well, speaking of myself, i understand that the value of these items, it's much higher than the price of my life. >> higher than the price of your life? >> yes. yes, because the scope of effect these artifacts can have on future generations, it's uncomparable to the scope of effect me, myself, a single person can do for the culture. >> reporter: chorna told us a top russian target was ukraine's priceless sythian gold collection at the melitopol museum. museum workers hastily hid the

treasures in cardboard boxes in the museum's dank, unfinished basement. when the russians invaded, they wasted no time before heading to the museum, threatening to shoot the locks off the door to break in. this cctv footage never broadcast before shows the russians harassing employees, searching the museum, stashing what they took in white cloth sacks. that morning, they left without finding the gold. undeterred, a group of soldiers turned up at the door of museum director leila ibrahimova and kidnapped her. >> they put a bag over your head and kidnapped you? >> translator: i was very scared, she told us. there were eight of them. they were wearing kbal cla vas and carried machine guns. one soldier did all the talking. they turned my house upside down. then they put a bag on my head and put me in a car. ibrahimova is in hiding, so we agreed not to show her face.

she told us the russians interrogated her about the museum, but she refused to cooperate. they let her go. but when her name later surfaced on a russian execution list, she fled the country. "my life was at risk," she told us, "and staying would jeopardize my colleagues, my family. i was afraid my husband and son would be searched again." in the end, the russians found the gold, 198 ancient gold artifacts worth untold millions. the russians' plunder has all the earmarks of a war crime according to vitaliy tytych a criminal lawyer of 30 years. >> what tells you that this was deliberate? >> reporter: he leads a new unit

of the ukrainian military investigating russia's targeting of heritage sites. intentionally looting or destroying cultural property during a war is a crime. but tytych told us, the russians have flipped the law on its head. >> translator: the russians keep saying they're evacuating these artifacts to safeguard them during the fighting, he told us. and they will return them when the war is over. that is a lie. and we are ready to prove it. >> reporter: but tytych told us he's under no illusions. there have only been two convictions for cultural war crimes since the law was passed in 1954. >> so ukraine wants to prosecute russia for war crimes? how likely do you think they will actually be prosecuted? >> reporter: "i'm worried," he told us. "the international treat ies to prevent war crimes have not been proven effective.

nor, he said, has the international criminal court but that's all we've got. >> okay. let's go in. >> reporter: in the village of lukashivka, outside chernihiv, museum director ihor poshyvailo showed us what was left after the russians set up a base camp inside this church, a protected architectural monument. >> this is really something. >> reporter: in the battle to force the russians out, a massive fire demolished the church's historic frescos. >> as also, you can see -- >> reporter: behind it still have the cross here. >> yeah. so the church itself had so many layers of history and culture. but everything is lost now. >> reporter: in the knave, this was all that was left. poshyvailo told us this war is about more than land. >> this is a war against our historical memory, against our bing ukrainian. >> you said before against your soul. >> against -- exactly, against our soul. against everything which makes

us ukrainians and different from russia. and this war has the signs of being a genocide war against ukrainian nation. >> genocide? you consider this genocide? >> yes, because it's an attempt to totally destroy ukraine and ukrainian nation. >> reporter: but it will never work, poshyvailo told us. the more the russians attack, the more resilient ukrainians become. we saw proof of that at the holy dormition cathedral in kyiv. a 3-d laser scanner was meticulously capturing every architectural detail so that if disaster strikes, the church can be rebuilt. it's work that's going on across the country, saving the cultural soul of ukraine for future generations. ♪

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now dr. jon lapook on assignment for "60 minutes." >> reporter: with new strains of covid continuing to appear and flu season just months away, we thought now is a good time to consider what the pandemic has taught us about preventing the spread of potentially deadly respiratory infections. it turns out, viruses like the one that causes covid-19 can

travel much farther than six feet. so public health advice focusing on social distancing, hand-watching, and masking wasn't enough. air quality scientists say from the start of the pandemic, it also should have focused on improving the air we all breathe indoors. as we first reported last fall, some companies are now doing just that for the health of their workers and the health of their bottom line. >> the original sin of the pandemic was the failure to recognize airborne transmission. >> reporter: professor joe allen of harvard's t.h. chan school of public health, believes the rapid spread of covid in early 2020 was preventable. >> think about the public health gains we've made over the past hundred years. we've made improvements to water quality, outdoor air pollution, our food safety. we've made improvements to sanitation, absolute basics of public health. where has indoor air been in that conversation? it's totally forgotten about.

and the pandemic showed what a glaring mistake that was. >> what do you think was lost because of that lag in understanding of how this was spread? >> tens of thousands of lives in the u.s., many more globally. it's not an exaggeration. >> reporter: it's also no exaggeration to say those early days of covid were unforgettable. in the u.s. by march 2020, the virus began taking its toll in places like the lifecare center nursing home in kirkland, washington. 60 miles away in mount vernon, washington, the skagit valley chorale held one of its weekly rehearsals in a church. half the members stayed away, but the other half showed up. among them were board members debbie amos, mark and ruth backlund, and coizie bettinger. >> we just thought hand sanitizer, wash your hands a lot. you know, don't hug each other because that's touch. >> reporter: none of it was good enough. within a few days, chorale members began to get sick.

in all, covid hit 53 of the 61 people there that night. two of them, both in their 80s, died. >> we were going, "this -- this has got to be spread some other way" because we were good. >> we were good. >> so covid was percolating, and you thought you were doing everything you were supposed to do? >> yes. >> right. >> reporter: skagit county health officials said the rehearsal could be considered a super spreading event, one of the earliest in the country, and concluded that choir members had an intense and prolonged exposure to surfaces, droplets, and possibly even microscopic airborne particles called aerosols, containing the virus. that caught the attention of linsey marr, a virginia tech university professor specializing in aerosol science, and several of her fellow researchers. even though the medical

community was focused on droplets, surfaces and handwashing, these researchers strongly believed covid was mostly an airborne disease, but needed more proof. so they launched their own analysis. >> i thought, wow, this is even worse than i thought. this has to be airborne. there's really no other explanation for it. some people are going to say, oh, they all touched the same doorknob. but after the first few people touch that doorknob, there's no more virus left. that's what happens with our exhaled breath. >> reporter: professor marr used a portal fogger to help explain how so many choir members could have gotten sick. >> when they're singing, they are releasing virus particles into the air constantly, probably, like this. and those are going to drift around in the room. notice they're not just falling to the ground. and now as we continue to sing, there's more and more of them in the room. and you can see as they're drifting around, they're reaching these other people nearby. and they were there for two and a half hours. and you can imagine that after that amount of time, the other people would have breathed in enough of them to get sick

themselves. >> especially if at night the hvac system was turned off. >> as far as we know, it wasn't running and so there were very -- there was very poor ventilation in that room when this was all happening. >> reporter: an hvac unit, short for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, is the heart and lungs of any building. the researchers suspected the thermostat most likely shut off the hvac unit because the chorale members were generating enough heat on their own. >> and right now, there's no ventilation? >> very, very low. >> okay. >> and actually it's similar to what was in the church where the group was rehearsing. >> reporter: then professor marr turned up the circulation to show us how better air flow could have helped remove aerosols and slowed the spread the virus. >> instead of just drifting all over the room -- >> oh. >> you can actually see it, right, going up through there. >> i sure can. that is dramatic to see that. >> reporter: analysis led to one of the most significant papers

on the importance of ventilation published during the pandemic. then in 2022, a study in italy went further. it found that by using a school's fans and air ducts to mechanically exchange indoor air with outdoor air five times an hour, the risk of covid-19 infections decreased by at least 80%. but in the u.s., it took until may of 2023 for the cdc to recommend an air exchange rate at all. >> if you look at the way we design and operate buildings, and i mean offices, schools, local coffee shops, we haven't designed for health. we have bare minimum standards. in schools the minimum air change, by design, is about three air changes per hour. remember, we want at least four to six. >> if we'd had these indoor air quality targets before the pandemic, how do you think the pandemic would have unfolded differently? >> we still would have had spread. this isn't an end-the pandemic thing. we would have had a lot less of it, and we would have a lot less of these superspreading events.

think about the early days of the pandemic, with "flatten the curve," "stay home." why wasn't "improve indoor air quality" part of "flatten the curve"? we had tools to protect ourselves. masking, great tool. it's a filter. but we ignored the building side of this. >> so air in. >> reporter: buildings are allen's business. as the founder of harvard's healthy buildings program, he diagnoses problems in air quality systems and comes up with solutions for clients that include cbs' parent company, paramount, and commercial real estate companies like beacon capital partners, with buildings like this one in downtown boston. and he advised amazon before these new 22-story towers opened last may year in arlington, virginia, where he gave us a tour. >> what does a state-of-the-art building look like in terms of air? >> we see a lot of the elements in this building. you have a dedicated outdoor air system that's delivering air above the minimum requirements. then it's going through two merv-13 filter banks, and you have highly filtered air. >> reporter: merv stands for

minimum efficiency reporting value. a rating of 13 means it catches up to 90% of airborne particles, depending on their size, as the first line of defense not just against covid, but other airborne respiratory viruses like flu and rsv. >> this is the part of the building nobody ever sees. but this determines whether or not you're healthy or sick in the building, really, what happens in this space. >> you can just see the filters on the right here. >> reporter: at amazon's new offices, the top floor is a maze of motors, pipes, and air ducts. >> this is the air intake. >> reporter: part of a $2.5 million hvac system that begins with massive rooftop vents and dampers. >> right here, this is the whole air handling system. this is where the air comes into the building. it's filtered, it's cooled, and then delivered. this determines how much air actually reaches the office space where people are working and how clean that air is. >> reporter: downstairs, each floor has a sensor that tells building engineers about the

quality of the indoor air, such as levels of carbon dioxide, known as co2. >> we breathe out the carbon dioxide? >> that's true. >> the less carbon dioxide, the better the ventilation? >> really straightforward. high carbon dioxide means you're not getting enough outdoor air from that system we just looked at. if it's low, you're in good shape. then we also measure particles. that tells us things about, like, outdoor air pollution. >> reporter: the entire system can be monitored and controlled from the basement. >> remember we talked about carbon dioxide as an indicator for ventilation? well, i can see in this building all of these are under 800 parts per million. >> so that's good? >> that's great. and really important: if a lot of people went into a space, the co2 level would rise, this system would recognize it. the dampers would open up and bring in a lot more outdoor air. >> reporter: katie hughes, amazon's director of health and safety, pointed to the waves of wildfire smoke that have swempt down from canada as the ultimate

test of the indoor air quality system. >> not too long ago, washington and virginia were sort of smothered by this smoke coming down from canada. what happened in this building? >> you would expect the air quality within the facility to not be great. our buildings were performing very well. >> reporter: amazon says it has updated and continues to monitor its hvac systems, including in its warehouses. a recent survey of facility managers in the u.s. and canada found that since march 2020, roughly two-thirds of respondents have upgraded their merv filters and increased their air exchange rates. in new york city, jp morgan chase says its new headquarters will have state-of-the-art air quality controls. and this new skyscraper, called 1 vanderbilt, already runs a modern hvac system. >> covid shifted everybody's mind-set in terms of air quality, in terms of communicable or infectious diseases. >> are you finding that amazon is making a business decision partially by saying, "look, it's okay for you to come back to work because we're telling you

that the air inside this building is safe"? >> i think it's one of many reasons why we expect or would like people back in the office. that is a good thing to have. it's probably one of many things. >> reporter: a well-operating hvac system is not only good for the health of employees, it can be good for the health of companies too, especially with people working remotely, leaving many commercial building owners looking for tenants. >> there's empty office space, in new york city and elsewhere. how do you think this new thinking might affect that in terms of people even wanting to come to work? >> the dynamic has changed. it's a total buyers' or tenants' market. all else equal, which building are you going to go to? you have your choice right now. this building that put in healthy building controls, or this building that's designed the way we've always designed buildings and is prone to being a sick building? >> so it actually can help the bottom line in addition to, of

course, improving health? >> yeah. >> what about retrofitting a building that's old? >> i think it's a misconception that old buildings can't be healthy buildings. some of these fixes don't take much. improving the level of filtration? that's easy. it's cheap. protects against covid-19, influenza, also protects against wildfire smoke, outdoor air pollution, protects against allergens. simple, absolute basic things that can be done. ♪ >> the skagit valley chorale rehearsals are now in a different church with a new hvac system. for the last year, doors were left open to let in fresh air regardless of the season, and there are even portable carbon dioxide monitors to track ventilation. >> we've been through a traumatic experience, and we've tried to learn from that and did help the science with the aerosol study. and now we're moving on in a way that we can still sing, but in a

more safe manner. >> do you worry that when the spotlight of the pandemic starts to fade, that people will forget and that they won't act the way they should in terms of buildings? >> i'm a bit more optimistic than that. i think there are fundamental shifts that have happened. the scientific and medical literature's being rewritten. the government and standard setting bodies are setting new health-based standards. businesses are responding and won't forget what this meant to their employees' health and their business. so i don't think we're going to forget these lessons. we better not. >> announcer: what we know now about the effectiveness of masking. >> masks, even cloth masks, do something. >> announcer: at 60minutesovertime.com. ease or ulcerative colitis? talk to your doctor about #1 prescribed entyvio, offering two maintenance options, including the entyvio pen. infusion and serious allergic reactions can happen during or after treatment. entyvio may increase risk of infection,

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data and engineering, enticing fans to make snap bets not just on games but on every play within games. the early results, billions for gambling companies, leagues, and state governments. and as we first reported in february, a growing population of sports bettors struggling to defend against the rush. boston is nothing if not a sports town. and when there's a game, odds are good there are guys like billy, andrew, and john at the local bar. >> just waiting for the camera. >> reporter: they grew up playing hockey together. now in their mid 20s, they bond over beer, wings, trash talk, and lately, a new fixture of the fan experience. >> what do you bet on? >> football and hockey. >> you have a teams? >> patriots. >> reporter: winning and losing money, for millions of fans like these guys, it's one more reason to watch and enjoy sports. during games, promotions for sportsbooks like fanduel and

draftkings are everywhere. a 2018 supreme court decision opened the door for states to legalize sports betting. >> you want the spread or the money line? >> reporter: tantalized by new revenue at the time of our report, 38 states had done just that. and americans have spent more than a quarter of a trillion dollars sports betting. that's the gdp of greece. leagues have cashed in, networks too. >> i've got to teach you how to gamble. >> reporter: for decades, odds and point spreads were forbforbidden topics. now espn has its own sports book. when i work at the tennis channel, i sit here. >> download the app. >> reporter: back at the bar, casual social bettors like billy, andrew, and john revel in their wins. >> what did you throw down? >> $8 for $347. >> you won 300 -- >> reporter: it's still early innings, and remarkably, there is no federal funding for

gambling research, so data is scarce. but survey after survey confirms that of the 50 million or so sports bettors in the u.s., men under the age of 35 are far and away the biggest demographic. for decades, leagues feared gambling would corrupt competition. so far, that crisis hasn't much happened. but the last few years have given rise to a surge in young gambling addicts. joe ruscillo, 26 when we met him, said his problems started in high school. then in 2022, sports betting apps came to his home state of new york. >> what impact did that have? >> it had a big impact. i've worked my whole life. i got a check every week, but it would deposit into whatever app i was using. >> were you interested in the game itself? >> i am a sports fan, but as the years grew on, you become less interested in the game itself and more interested in the result. >> reporter: and who needs a bookie when a fresh bet is just a swipe away? >> you know, you can wake up in the middle of the night, take your phone out, set an alarm for a match overseas or something

like that. i would place a bet on anything, anywhere, at any time. >> reporter: he'd sneak in bets at family functions. he'd delete the apps one day, reinstall them the next. to help get clean, a tech down grade. >> this is the phone i use on a daily basis. you can't gamble on this phone. >> not too many apps on this phone? >> no. >> i think people might think of the typical gambling addict as a middle aged guy in a wifnd breaker betting his retirement savings. >> it's more prominent in the younger generation, i think, than ever. the sportbooks and the dm commercials and the leagues themselves are making it look so cool to gamble and risk your money. >> reporter: there are distinct signs of trouble. according to a sienna college poll, of the young men wagering online, nearly half felt they were betting more than they should. in the five-plus years after new jersey legalized online sports gambling, calls to the state's problem gambling help line nearly tripled.

the largest caller demographic, 25 to 34. >> this is a public health emergency happening, and beer not talking about it yet. >> reporter: harry levant is a gambling addiction therapist and leading voice on the public health impacts of online sports betting. a decade ago, levant was a trial lawyer whose gambling addiction was so fierce, he used client money to fuel his habit, leading to his disbarment. he's noticed today's desperate glambler looks a lot different. >> i have patients who gamble in the shower. i have patients who gamble while they're driving. there are no guardrails. we scientifically know the museum brain, the risk-reward system for a young man isn't fully form lated until you're 25. >> where are the young men getting the money to gamble like this in. >> i have patients, some of whom are college students who have gambled federal student loan money. i have young patients who have gambled away inheritances. >> reporter: levant showed us

what gambling today entails. it was an nfl sunday those on draftkings, the betting options extended far beyond football. >> soccer, basketball, hockey, motor sports, rugby, volleyball. >> reporter: and there was tennis. >> a challenger qualifying match. >> those are two names i've never heard before. >> two guys who are nowhere near the top 100. >> because this is not about tefrnis. they're not designing them for the fans of qualifier tennis in charlottesville. they're designed for people who want more action. >> reporter: the opportunities for action are literaly limitless. live in-game micro betting allows users to wager on every pitch, serve, and snap. >> but if you come down here, you can bet on the current drive of the green bay packers. will it be a punt, a touchdown, a turnover, or a field goal? >> reporter: using algorithms powered by a.i., draftkings

refreshes the odds constantly. the common fan can't possibly calculate whether it's a good bet or a bad bet, much less in real time. >> where are these numbers coming from? how do they know what the odds of green bay losing a fumble are? >> we don't know that. they have access to all of the stats combined with artificial intelligence and the ability to predict what will draw the action in. >> reporter: >> reporter: matt zarb-cousin is a leading gambling reformer in the uk. he is also a recovering gambling addict. >> i would say, understand what the nature of these companies really is. they are big data companies that are extractive. >> reporter: zarb-cousins successfully lobbied for strict irer gambling restrictions in britain. he says the uk, where gambling's been legal for decades, offers a sobering glimpse into what he believes is a crisis headed straight toward the u.s. >> there's lots of opportunities to gamble in britain. you assume it's safe.

you don't realize how easy it is to get addicted to that stuff. >> reporter: addiction is intensified, he says, by how much the gambling companies know about each user. recently zarb-cousin was able to use britain's public information laws to access data the betting company flutter, owner of fan duel, had on a uk customer. that data was used to tailor offers and push notifications to keep the guy in action. >> what did you learn? >> about 93 different data points they had on this individual were when they bet, what offers worked, what inducements worked. on this particular one, he played slots for three to four days straight. they knew the life state, the customer life stage he was at, so win back they described it. so people that have given up gambling for a while and they're trying to get them to come back. there's also like 2,514 deposits in a year, which is about seven a day. >> so these gambling companies that know when we're most

impetuous, it has reams and reams of data on us. what kind of matches that for the adolescent male? >> exactly. it's not a fair wager. >> do they have enough data to pinpoint potential gamblers? >> without a doubt. >> the flutter insisted the company does take steps to protect, their term, vulnerable customers, sometimes banning them outright. the two largest sportsbooks in the u.s., draftkings and fanduel said the same, though declined to provide specific instances when they've done so. we had arranged to speak to draftkings about all this, but abruptly they pulled out of our scheduled on-camera interview. so we came to washington, d.c. to meet bill miller, president of the gambling industry's chief trade group, the american gaming association. >> take out our phone, 24 hours a day, a few swipes. how do you reconcile that with the fact this entertainment has the potential to addict users? >> the addiction element of are

people addicted to their phones, which is kind of a common phrase, i don't believe that there is an addiction to mobile betting any more than there is an addiction to utilization of your phone for any other reason. >> you don't think adding a layer of betting makes the phone more addictive than just tooling aound instagram? >> no. every clinician we've spoken to has said we're noticing a rise in problem gambling. there are a lot more problem gamblers now by every metric than there were pre-2018. >> i would concede to the fact that there are more known people with gambling problems because we in the gambling industry are flagging those people. the illegal industry doesn't flag any of them. >> reporter: miller told us sportsbooks look at betting patterns to spot problem gamblers but acknowledged that a uniform, industry-wide policy on that is still a work in progress. >> there is problem gambling. it is a real problem. whether it's gotten bigger or it's just become more noticeable

because sports betting is legal, i think is an unknown. >> really? >> my view absolutely is we need to make sure that we are giving people the resources they need to mitigate this issue. >> reporter: yet given all the high tech designed to get gamblers onto the sportsbook, for those seeking to quit, they're often directed to a glaringly old-school solution, a 1-800 number. >> it is a dangerous approach. >> why? >> it takes the entire onus, puts it back on the individual to take the addictive product, like gambling and micro betting, deliver in light speed with the use of artificial intelligence, and then say to people, now use this responsibly, it is wrong, and it's very similar to what happened with tobacco. >> reporter: harry levant doesn't make that analogy casually. he paired up with dick daynard, architect of the first major lawsuits against the big tobacco companies.

along with mart gottlieb, another public interest lawyer at northeastern, they were preparing to wage war against mobile gambling addiction. >> you made a name for yourself fighting big tobacco. what do you see as the overlap? >> first of all, we're dealing with an addictive product. we're dealing with an industry that will defend sometimes on the basis that it's really the smoker who's making the choice. so we have that exactly with the gambling industry. >> reporter: following daynard's tobacco playbook, last december, they filed the first in what they say will be a series of lawsuits, suing draftkings in massachusetts for deceptive advertising. claims draftkings says it, quote, disagrees with. the group is also lobbying congress to enact federal regulations. they say the current mishmash of state-by-state policies just isn't working. >> this is not the temperance

movement. >> no, no. we have seen, certainly with tobacco, a lot of rules to control the way these products are promoted. we would like to see that with these products as well. right now it's sometimes described as the wild west, right, because there's almost no controls at all. >> reporter: safe to say when the supreme court opened the floodgates to sports betting in 2018, it didn't anticipate a.i.-powered odds on every snap or tailored push notifications engineered to keep bettors betting. >> that decision was only five years ago. >> i know. that's the frightening thing. what's it going to look like five years from now? i think these products have the potential to become significantly more addictive and dangerous in a very short period of time. want to get the most out of one sheet? grab bounty. (♪♪) bounty is made to be stronger... ...and more absorbent. so, while ordinary brands can't hold up, one sheet of bounty keeps working,

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yoyo, earlier this year, you were the world number one, playing some of the most astounding tennis we've ever seen. so i have to admit, i was pretty shocked when you announced you were retiring. how's that decision sitting? well, to be honest, i believe i have much more to prove, so i will be entering