♪ amna: good evening. i'm amna navaz. geoff bennett is away. on "the newshour" tonight -- fighting between israel and hamas resumes. plus, could the terror attacks that started the war have been avoided? new evidence that israeli officials repeatedly dismissed warning signs. sandra day o'connor, the first woman to ever serve on the united states supreme court, passes away at 93, leaving a towering legacy. justice o'connor: i wanted, since i was the first, not to be

the last. and i wanted to do the job well so it would provide encouragement for women to serve in the future. amna: and -- congressman george santos is expelled from the house of representatives in the wake of his many lies and scandals. ♪ >> major funding for "the pbs newshour" has been provided by the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of "the newshour," including jim and nancy goldman and kathy and paul anderson. >> it was like an a-ha moment, this is what i love doing. early-stage companies have this energy that energizes me. these are people trying to change the world.

when i volunteer with women entrepreneurs, it is the same thing. i'm helping people reach their dreams and thriving by helping others every day. people who know know bdo. >> the john s. and james l. knight foundation, fostering informed and engaged communities. more at kf.org. ♪ >> and with ongoing support of these individuals and institutions -- and friends of "the newshour." ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and contributions to your pbs station by viewers like you. thank you.

amna: welcome to "the newshour." after a week-long ceasefire, in which hamas released more than a hundred israeli and foreign hostages, israel freed more than 240 palestinians, and hundreds of aid trucks were allowed into gaza, war has returned to the region. negotiators are working to reinstate the temporary truce that ended this morning, but the health authority in gaza, which is controlled by hamas, said more than 175 palestinians have already been killed. nick schifrin begins our coverage. nick: tonight israeli flares light up the gaza sky, and israel's iron dome above tel aviv intercepts rockets fired from gaza, as war has re-erupted. israel vows to continue its military mission. benny: the state of israel is committed to winning the campaign and this victory includes both a supreme effort to return the abductees, and also the removal of the threat of hamas.

nick: israel and the u.s. said hamas failed to produce another list of hostages to be released today, and before the cease-fire expired, began firing rockets from gaza into israel. by the end of the day, israel said hamas had fired more than 50 rockets into israel. israel immediately resumed its air campaign. in the al-maghazi refugee camp in the center of gaza, crowds of men lift the dead out what gazans say used to be an apartment complex. residents told us at least 15 were killed in their sleep. abu: there was no warning at 7:00 a.m., it happened right after the so-called truce ended. it was full of innocent children and normal civilians. nick: in southern gaza, residents walked through the rubble from an israeli airstrike on what they said was another apartment building. mahmood siyam spoke to us as israeli drones arrived above. mahmoud: they thought this is a safer place to stay here.

this morning the israeli attack without warning. we ask the international law, all over the world, to stop this war. nick: thousands of palestinians fled their homes near the border with israel, along the main road leading to khan younis. but today khan younis itself was filled with smoke and grief. wounded children arrived into a hospital, even gaza's most vulnerable not spared the horrors of war. lama: i found my mother and my younger brother. i don't know where my older brother is. nick: the u.s. has pressed israel to reduce civilian casualties, and today israel used new leaflets, declaring khan younis a combat zone, and urging gazans to move south, to rafah. but even in rafah today, this was the aftermath of what residents said was an israeli airstrike.

sec. blinken: we saw israel take steps immediately today to start to get information to people about where safe areas are, how they can get out of harm's way. nick: during his third trip to the region since the october 7 attacks, including a quick stop today at the cop climate conference in dubai, secretary of state antony blinken said israel bears a special burden to avoid civilian casualties. sec. blinken: i made clear that after the pause it was imperative that israel put in place clear protections for civilians and for sustaining humanitarian assistance going forward. nick: for hours today, israel blocked humanitarian trucks currently sitting in egypt, from entering gaza. but tonight, u.s. officials said at their urging, trucks would soon re-enter gaza. what the u.s. is also hoping resumes, the release of more israeli hostages. so far more than 100 have been freed, but hamas still hasn't provided another list today, and claims it doesn't hold any more women and children, even though 10 to 20 are still believed to be held hostage. u.s. and israeli officials don't believe hamas' claim. israeli officials said half a dozen israelis who disappeared

on october 7, including ofir tzarfati, have been confirmed dead. hamas today blamed israel for the war resuming, but said it would continue indirect talks, mediated by qatar. spokesperson: we believe that the qatari side will continue its communications, and we will be ready to engage with them if the israelis respond and cease the aggression. nick: demonstrators in tel aviv urged the israeli government to prioritize hostage releases. but qatar warns they are less likely, now that war has resumed. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. amna: for months, there has been a critical question lurking behind the israel-hamas conflict -- how did israel's vaunted military and intelligence services fail to recognize the elaborate plans hamas was making for its unprecedented, widespread attack on october 7th? as william brangham details, a new report sheds light on how israel was caught off guard so disastrously. william: on the morning of

october 7th, hamas deployed a slew of techniques it had never used before, seemingly catching the nation of israel completely by surprise. it flew drones into israel, dropping explosives onto israeli surveillance towers. it used motorized paragliders to fly its soldiers from gaza into israel. it used heavy machinery to punch holes into barrier walls, through which armed attackers poured into israel, charging into unsuspecting military outposts and kibbutzes, killing hundreds at random, and seizing hostages. the attack was preceded by one thing hamas was known for -- launching a barrage of rockets from gaza into israel. in the days that followed october 7th, there were reports that low-level analysts had reported seeing hamas agents rehearsing some parts of this attack, but those warnings were dismissed. but according to a new report

from the "new york times," israeli intelligence had obtained -- more than a year ago -- a 40 page document detailing virtually the exact attack plan that hamas executed on october 7th. reporter adam goldman is one of the journalists who broke this story. thank you for being here. you obtained this roughly 40 page document, which you report israel had in its hands for more than a year. israel even gave it a name, called it jericho wall. this report circulated amongst leaders in israel's intelligence services and the military. how is it that they seemed so unprepared when this plan actually was enacted? adam: the israelis took this document seriously. you can imagine the time and effort they invested into obtaining it. right? it was a closely held document, and they scrutinized it in different parts of the intelligence community, scrutinized it. and, you know, ultimately, i believe, and i believe in may of of last year, the gaza division,

which is in charge of the security of that particular area by the gaza strip, a commander wrote that this was a compass. right. and they didn't believe that hamas had reached the capability it had outlined in this in this battle plan. in other words, the compass was the direction where they wanted to go, but they had yet to arrive there. william: so the sense was that israeli officials simply believed that hamas didn't have the -- just simply weren't ready and or prepared to do something so audacious. adam: yeah, exactly. they knew they they knew they would like to. at one point it was sort of like imagine, like a five year plan like the military does for its planning. that's how they view this. at the end of the five years, this is where they wanted to be.

the israelis just didn't think they had the capabilities. of course, some within the israeli intelligence services, it felt that hamas had had narrowed the gap and had gotten much closer to achieving its goals. william: and how do you know that that was the israelis interpretation of this? adam: well, it was clear to us in interviews that the times had done, as well as an email chain that we obtained involving a veteran hamas analyst working for an israeli intelligence officer who wrote in this email chain in july of this year, 2023, that the gap had been narrowed. and it seemed that hamas, after she learned about a training exercise, was going to implement at least part of this battle

plan. what the battle plan talked about, using up to, i believe, 2000 hamas commandos. they thought the number might be smaller. william: and again, if you as you report, if you have an israeli intelligence agent who sees a version of this plan being rehearsed and says, guys, this seems to be the document, a version of the document that we have been studying. what is your sense as to why her warnings were not heeded? adam: she herself didn't challenge the assessment that the leader of hamas was in fact ready to go to war. in fact, the conventional wisdom was he didn't was not interested in going to war. and she didn't challenge that in her analysis in these emails. she also didn't give -- she didn't place a time on the attack. and i think one of the issues here is making a convincing argument to military and

political leaders that an attack was, in fact, imminent. it's not clear to me how far her warnings reached at the time, but there were others who there were others. -- there were other veteran analysts who agreed with her assessment. and then there were others who felt this was imaginary and literally used that word, that hamas wanted to do this but of course, they weren't ready to. there are many parallels to the attacks on 9/11. it was a lack of imagination that they've failed to envision or at least understand the true capabilities of hamas and what they intended to do. they also, it seems, weren't willing to challenge their own conventional wisdom. and in a sense, confirmation bias had seeped into the intelligence thinking and people might have been in an echo chamber.

william: all right. adam goldman of the new york times, thank you so much for sharing your reporting with us. adam: thank you for having me. ♪ >> i'm vanessa ruiz. here are the latest headlines. a federal judge in washington ruled that the 2020 election interference case against former president trump can proceed. trump sought to dismiss the case with presidential immunity. a federal appeals court panel ruled that january 6 civil lawsuits against trump can also move forward. democratic lawmakers and capitol police have accused him of inciting mob violence. he argues presidential immunity shields him from liability. the court said he is acting as office seeker, not officeholder,

so immunity does not apply. both cases could end up before the supreme court. a federal prison inmate is being charged with the attempted murder of derek chauvin, the former police officer who killed george floyd. he was stabbed 22 times. he had been convicted of murdering george floyd in minneapolis in 2020. world leaders appealed for action at the second day of cop 28 in dubai. u.n. secretary general antonio guterres pressed for fossil fuels. antony blinken spoke of the grave consequences of a warming planet including food shortages. >> a growing population means the global demand for food is likely to increase by 50% by 2050. escalating climate crisis means crop yields could drop by as much as 30% over the same

period. so do the math. >> the u.s. and china remain the world's top polluting nations. president biden and xi jinping are not attending the conference. ukraine reportedly blew up two fuel tanker trends in siberia. news outlets say the attacks targeted a key russian supply routes with china. two people were killed. in an interview, president zelenskyy urged the world not to lose interest as the war drags on. >> we already can see the consequences of the global society switching its attention because of the tragedy in the middle east. we must not allow people to forget about the war here. attention equals help. no attention will mean no help. >> the war is in its 22nd month

with neither side gaining a breakthrough. moscow claimed today that its forces are advancing on all fronts. jailed russian opposition leader alexei navalny announced he is facing new criminal charges. he said they fall under part of the russian penal code that covers vandalism. he wrote on twitter, they initiate a new criminal case against me every three months. he is already serving more than three years in prison for various crimes all of which he denies. russian-american journalist alsu kurmasheva will remain in russia -- jailed in russia until february. she was arrested in october for failing to register as a foreign agent because she works for radio free radio liberty. -- radio free europe radio

liberty. it may get harder to claim the full $7,500 tax credit for buying electric vehicles if the batteries contain chinese made materials. the biden administration proposed that requirement to foster domestic production. president biden once half of all passenger vehicles sold in the u.s. to be electric by 2030. still to come, the lasting legacy of the first female u.s. supreme court justice, sandra day o'connor. and david brooks and jonathan capehart weigh in on the week's political headlines and much more. >> this is "the pbs newshour" from weta studios in washington, and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: for the first time in more than two decades, congress has expelled one of its own. as congressional correspondent

lisa desjardins explains, representative george santos is out of a job. >> the yeas are 311, the nays are 114. lisa: the new speaker of the house announced the result solemnly -- the first expulsion of a republican from congress, and more than 100 republicans voted to do it. >> the clerk will notify the governor of the state of new york. lisa: it was an historic turn of events. >> this is a personal race. lisa: last year, he was a little-known congressional candidate, running as a trump supporter who embraced long island's diversity, and was tough on crime. >> george santos vows to tackle crime head on in our district. lisa: he won by seven points, but within weeks, a local newspaper story of his misconduct went national. santos lied about graduating from college, about working for a top new york financial firm, and even claims of being a jew. he downplayed what he did. mr. santos: did i embellish my

resume. yes, i did. and i'm sorry. i'm still the same guy. i'm not a fraud. i'm not a cartoon character. lisa: calls for removal already hovered as he took the oath of office. >> george santos needs to be held accountable for his lies. lisa: including from fellow republicans in new york. >> he's a disgrace to house of representatives, and we do not consider him one of our congresspeople. lisa: santos survived two previous efforts to expel him as the house awaited an ethics committee report that came earlier this month. >> it's pretty damning. >> substantial evidence he broke the law. >> i've read a number of ethics reports over the years and this one is uniquely exhaustive, damning, and scathing. lisa: in a 56 page investigative report, the committee, better known for giving warnings, was searing, writing, "representative santos sought to fraudulently exploit every aspect of his house candidacy for his own profit," and finding

that santos bilked donors, reported fake loans, stole money from his campaign, and that funds were spent on things that appeared personal, like at a casino, on an adult entertainment website, and for botox. that came on top of the 23 felony county faces, including money laundering and wire fraud. some republicans have demanded his expulsion. >> it is in the best interest of the constituents of new york three and all americans that he is expelled from the house of representatives. lisa: santos pleaded not guilty in court. >> i'm going to keep fighting, i'm going to keep fighting for what i believe in. i'm going to keep fighting to represent my district. lisa: and in congress, maintained that he is the victim of a smear campaign who should be given time to defend himself. >> mr. speaker, efforts taken by other members in this body to act as judge, jury and executioner are unconscionable

and reckless to our republican system of government. i stand today to continue to prove my innocence. lisa: the idea of expelling a member before his day in court gave many pause. >> kicking out mr. santos is setting a very dangerous precedent. never before has congress expelled a member based on indictments. indictments require nothing more than probable cause. an indictment is not a conviction. lisa: but as evidence mounted, including former staffers admitting wrongdoing, so did votes against him. he now has bigger concerns. >> are you going to jail? >> absolutely not. lisa: with a criminal trial set for next fall. if convicted, the congressman who spent less than a year representing new york could face a prison term measured in decades. amna: lisa joins us now with

more on today's historic development. what does this mean for the congressman's seat and congress more broadly? lisa: congress is nervous. there is a chance in the special election to fill this seat that they could lose it. so we're gonna watch that very closely. it's also interesting history wise. one reason this is very seldom going into it but it was another member of the republican party, congressman max miller, who sent out an email to his colleagues saying that he and his mother personally were victims of george santos. that when they gave to the campaign, they lost ultimately $30,000. that i think influenced republicans choice i think to get rid of him. one other note, i think it's important to say, there was real divide among republicans about this, as you heard in the piece, and i think that divide may remain. there was a little bit of bitterness here, and some republicans thinking this was an incredible mistake. others thinking it had to happen. so something to watch for in the republican conference. amna: thank you.

♪ sandra day o'connor, the history-making justice who was the first woman to serve on the u.s. supreme court, died this morning in phoenix from complications of dementia and a respiratory illness. chief justice john roberts said today that when o'connor joined the court in 1981, she met the challenge with undaunted determination, indisputable ability, and engaging candor. judy woodruff has this remembrance. justice o'connor: i wanted, since i was the first, not to be the last. and i wanted to do the job well so it would provide encouragement for women to serve in the future. judy: sandra day o'connor broke the gender barrier at the u.s.

supreme court, and ultimately became a critical vote on abortion rights, affirmative action and even the election of a president. it was a long journey from the family cattle ranch in southeastern arizona. she recalled those early years in a newshour interview in 2002. justice o'connor: it gives a person a little confidence, a bit of self-reliance, because you know you have to solve the problems yourself. you can't always turn to other people to do them. a belief in independence. judy: the young sandra day earned degrees at stanford university and its law school, where she was a classmate of future chief justice william rehnquist. she married another law grad, john o'connor, and tried for a job practicing law. but it was the 1950's and more than 40 firms turned her down. eventually, after having children, she turned to politics, served in the state senate and became a judge for arizona's state court of

appeals. then, in 1981, president ronald reagan nominated o'connor to the u.s. supreme court. >> the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you god. >> i do so swear. judy: she described herself as a judicial conservative, and won unanimous senate confirmation. but after joining the court, she came to be regarded as more moderate, and a swing vote. justice o'connor: some of the decisions are made by drawing very fine lines. and reasonable people can disagree on where those lines should be drawn. i have been there. and i know how challenging it is. it is not surprising at all that some cases are decided by drawing fine lines, with five people here and four people on the other side. judy: in 1992, justice o'connor was the critical 5th vote against overturning the landmark roe versus wade decision that legalized abortion. later, she joined a one-vote

majority in striking down state limits on so-called partial-birth abortions. in 2003, she wrote the majority opinion upholding the use of race in deciding college admissions. and, she voted with the 5-to-4 majority in bush v. gore -- the case that ultimately settled the bitterly disputed 2000 presidential election. in later years, o'connor acknowledged criticism that she lacked a clear judicial philosophy, but she defended her case-by-case approach. justice o'connor: you have to answer the question, like it or not. and the questions deserve a valid legal response, even if the response isn't one that will be easily understood. you have an obligation as a member of the court to do what you are bound to do under federal law, even if it isn't an attractive resolution from a public standpoint. judy: she was the lone woman on

the high court for 12 years, until president bill clinton nominated ruth bader ginsburg in 1993. o'connor retired from the court in 2006, citing her husband's health, but continued hearing cases in the u.s. courts of appeals. and, she made time to visit schools, actively promoting the importance of civics education. justice o'connor: i wanted to teach young people in america how they can be part of the governmental structure and help decide what problems to tackle and how to solve them. judy: the retired justice devoted much of her attention to caring for her husband, john, who suffered from alzheimer's and died in 2009. that same year, o'connor was awarded the presidential medal of freedom -- the nation's highest civilian honor. at the ceremony, president obama

said she forged a new trail and built a bridge behind her for all young women to follow. o'connor reflected on it all, in an interview with the newshour in 2009. justice o'connor: i was asked in my senate confirmation hearing about how i'd like to be remembered. i called it the tombstone question. and i said, 'i hope the tombstone might read here lies a good judge.' judy: at age 88, the retired justice announced she had formally withdrawn from public life. she wrote to the high court that she had beginning stages of dementia, probably alzheimer's. sandra day o'connor lived out her final years in arizona. amna: sandra day o'connor was 93-years-old. john yang picks up our coverage of her legacy on and off the supreme court. john: o'connor's tenure on the supreme court is notable not just because she was the first woman, but also because of what she did in her 24 years there. joan biskupic is cnn's supreme

court analyst and author of "sandra day o'connor: how the first woman on the supreme court became its most influential justice." you write in the book that her appointment did not just change the court, it transformed the court. what do you mean by that? joan: it really did and it is great to be with you even though we feel sadness. i like to say that she made history certainly by being the first woman justice on the supreme court but also she was a real politician on the court, she came knowing how to count votes, how to work consensus, and she had a very pragmatic style that involved not just trying to find the center of the

law in america but also the center of the court. there was no one like her for 1981 and there will be no one like her going forward. she influenced so many important areas you all touched on. abortion rights, religion, racial affirmative action. her overall approach was to ensure that when those nine justices got together in a conference room with nobody else but them, everyone walked away feeling they got something. people were critical about that consensus building center of the court approach, it really did study the law in america in a way we don't have right now. john: you mentioned her political skills, she was senate majority leader in arizona, and also her stand on abortion. when she voted to preserve roe v. wade last time it was challenged, it wasn't just her vote that was important, is that right? joan: that's right, she brought together a coalition that was her and her fellow justices, both of whom were republican appointees. got everyone together to preserve the 1973 landmark roe v. wade, which was overturned in

last year's decision by this supreme court. you referred to the 1992 decision, planned parenthood versus casey. she wrote something compelling at the time, she acknowledged many people might not have wanted what the court did in 1973, and she might not have wanted it in 1973, but she wrote that all of america had come to live with it and it wasn't the courts role to impose its own sense of morality or social norms on the country, not to impose personal morality on the country but to take account of the entire population and how much that precedent had been around.

from 1973 through 1992, 20 years, and not until 2022 that the court completely overturned it, obliterating nearly half a century of precedent. john: another area she was influential is upholding race-based college admissions, also overturned last year. what did she say when her opinions were overturned after she left the court and she was asked about how she felt seeing some of her opinions overturned? joan: i talked to her in about 2009 at a legal conference, and at that point, not everything had been reversed. the court with her successor, samuel alito, had already started rolling back some of her decisions but not the big-ticket ones we were referring to, she used the word dismantling and she expressed frustration, but little did she know what was to come. john: on a personal note, you write she was very eager for the justices to build relationships away from the court.

what sort of things did she do? joan: she was always arranging things. if it wasn't a bridge party, it was her trip to see a musical. she was an only child for about 12 years of her life. she had younger siblings. but i think she was the kind of person who her instinct, after her somewhat lonely life on the ranch in arizona made her want to have people around. i refer to her as wanting half -- wanting to have people around her. i think she also realized to have smooth relations in the court, you needed to build relationships with colleagues outside the court. she was always doing dinner, trying to arrange potlucks, bringing things in for her law clerks and also trying to enlist her fellow justices for various events.

she was the one who started the practice they have now, having lunch together on days they hold oral arguments. i remember justice thomas saying to me that she would say, you have to come eat with us. she was doing that with all of them. david souter, was one of her shyer collects and she insisted all nine of them would have lunch together after oral arguments. i think that built a lot of goodwill among the justices during her tenure. john: joan, thank you very much. joan: thank you, john. ♪ amna: congressman george santo'' ouster marks an end to 11 turbulent months in the house of representatives. on that, and the race for president heating up, we turn to the analysis of brooks and capehart. that's "new york times"

columnist david brooks and jonathan capehart, associate editor for "the washington post." good to see you both. let's begin where lisa's reporting left off. george santos, how do you make of the process and that he was ousted? david: he richly deserved it and yet i'm sad. he was such a ridiculous character. he is like a mountebank, a bounder, a character from a 19th-century trollop novel. he was a unique star that swept across our sky. [laughter] what was he thinking? the only explanation i've ever heard is he assumed he would lose it so nobody checked into how he spent the campaign money. now his life is in turmoil and he has left a little stain.

amna: will you miss him? jonathan: no. primarily because he shouldn't have been there in the first place. this is a guy he ran for office, whose life story was literally unbelievable, as we discovered after he was elected. after he was elected, we discovered that according to someone in brazil, he used to live, this person claimed, and george santos denied it, that he was a drag performer in brazil. going by the name of kitara ravache. there is a very popular show on television called rupaul's drag race, almost 20 years old. there is a competition, where the remaining drag queens have to lip-synch for their life. finally congress and republicans asked mr. santos to sashay away. amna: i did not anticipate rupaul coming up.

nikki haley having a good week. let's talk about her for a moment. received a coveted endorsement from a group financed by the koch brothers, a steady rise in early state pulling and pinching herself as an alternative to former president trump. here is part of her latest add. >> it's time for a new generation of conservative leadership. we have to leave behind the chaos and drama of the past, and strengthen our country, our pride, and our purpose. amna: what do you make of her recent rise? david: she's just a good politician. it's always best early in the campaign season, to see -- it's like who throws a good baseball. she's focusing when she needs to be, does good retail politics and that still matters. her rise has not been a blip, it's been slow and steady. it's real. the koch thing was interesting that they endorsed her because she is much more hawkish than

they are and things like ukraine. she really represents the older generation of republicans, which was hawkish abroad and not as populist or anti-immigrant as the trump lead party has turned out to be. i will be interested to see if she can narrow that trump lead. amna: it's not close, he has a formidable lead. how do you look at this? jonathan: she is rising vis-a-vis desantis, that's how she is rising. when it comes to donald trump, she has not rising. donald trump's lead is yawning. the thing about nikki haley -- and i agree -- i don't agree with her on a lot of things, but i agree her rise has been steady and she's been focused and determined in a way that folks.

they would say about ron desantis. here is my issue. anyone in that race not donald trump, and there is a fantastic op-ed in the washington post, trump dictatorship is inevitable. one of the things he says is a lot of people are saying they want to take down donald trump and they have endorsed nikki haley, but once it becomes clear that donald trump sews up the nomination, watch these people circle the wagons and support him. it would be great if you can knock out donald trump but i don't see what is gained by her doing that or him becoming the nominee. amna: you mentioned her rise also highlights how far governor desantis's campaign has fallen off. he took the stage in georgia to

debate california governor gavin newsom, who is not running for president. here is part of it. gov. desantis: he has no business running for president. and you know, gavin newsom agrees with that. he won't say that, but that's why he's running his shadow campaign. gov. newsom: but there's one thing in closing that we have in common -- neither of us will be the nominee for our party in 2024. amna: we should clarify, governor desantis was talking about president biden at the top of that soundbite. that was aired on fox. one of those men is running for president one is not. why did they participate in the debate? david: because they are politicians and there were tv cameras there. [laughter] i think they would like to conceive of themselves as the leaders of two different governing models.

i think they both see the other state as mismanaged and mis-governed. there is a strong case to be made. i was hoping we'd get some sort of debate between the red and blue model. people are running to go to florida and away from california, so it would be an interesting debate. that's not the debate we ended up getting, it was just annoying interruptions. amna: do you think it helps mr. desantis in any way? david: no. his pattern has been long-standing and the guy said, nikki haley is good at this. ron desantis has some skills as a campaigner but he's not good at a politician. amna: is this effectively a shadow campaign governor newsom is running? jonathan: no. [laughter] no. the premise of this question -- and i am not picking on you because a lot of people are saying this -- governor newsom is not running for president, he's not running a shadow candidacy, he is not doing that. what he is doing is what he's been doing for at least two years, which is taking the fight

directly to republicans. this guy has been watching fox news regularly for years and he just got tired of having democrats being on the back foot when they've got policies, when they got accomplishments should be fighting for. this isn't the first time desantis and newsom have gone head-to-head. remember, governor newsom bought billboards in florida telling people they are banning your books and saying don't say gay, come to california and we will welcome you with open arms. when you say nikki haley is very good at this, nikki haley is so good that at no point which she ever decide to debate someone who isn't even running for president. i think gavin newsom had nothing to lose and everything to gain. he doesn't need the stature boost. i think he did it for fun. governor desantis did it, i

think, as a hail mary to save a campaign that is sliding into irrelevancy. amna: you think that governor newsom's appearance helped president biden? jonathan: i do. i watched the debate and almost every sentence, it was biden-harris, president biden, vice president harris. he made it clear in his answers this is not about me, i'm not running. this is about the current president and vice president and why they deserve a second term. amna: i want to give each of you and offer to give your takes on incredible losses this week, for the impact they left on the nation and world. one much more controversial than the other. david, let's begin with henry kissinger, who undoubtedly reshapes global politics and also left millions of people dead in the wake of his policies. how are you looking at his legacy?

david: it's important to remember how he grew up as germany was nazifying, and i think he was a pessimist and we have to do what we do to maintain order. as you indicated, in some cases he was blind to human rights abuses. too much real politique. i used to go to a breakfast, and it could be gloomy, but you could watch two different times of intelligence. george schultz could take a complex situation and tell you what you needed to know in 20 seconds. kissinger was a genius. everything from machiavelli to

stalin to artificial intelligence, he was insightful. when everyone things of his policies, it was a great mind. amna: jonathan, a different legacy with the passing of justice sandra day o'connor. what are you looking at for her legacy? jonathan: one, she was a history maker. she was a conservative but a moderate on reproductive rights. she tapped the brakes and she was a different mold of the conservatives on the court now. i wonder if she were coming up, would even be considered to be on the court today? given what we've seen, i doubt it. amna: jonathan capehart and david brooks, always great to see you. thank you. we will be back shortly, but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station, a

chance to offer your support that helps keep programs like ours on the air. ♪ for those staying with us, an encore story from st. paul, minnesota, which is home to the nation's largest population of hmong -- an indigenous group of people from southeast asia. special correspondent megan thompson tells us about a hmong chef who is honoring his heritage with a taste of home. >> this is the rice, our big steamer. that is hot. to be honest, i never wanted to do this. i tried my hardest to get out of it. >> he may have failed not cooking for a living but he's doing much more than getting dirty in the kitchen. the minneapolis chef at the forefront of introducing the

twin cities into the nation to the food of the hmong, an ethnic group from southeast asia. >> we say hmong food consists of four elements -- meat, rice, vegetable and hot sauce. reporter: the kitchen started in 2016 as a pop-up and then a food trailer. now it is a popular counter inside a trendy food hall. he also launched new food concepts every few months at an event space. he's been a james beard finalist or semifinalist the last two years. >> this is my first time and the food is phenomenal. reporter: in a city with the largest hmong population in the nation, he is hailed as the first to bring his native food to the masses. in april he opened a stand at the twins baseball stadium and last summer, fans lined up for his booth at the legendary state fair. the first time hmong food had been sold at either place. this is the director for the

center of hmong studies at concordia university. >> i think what is unique is the ability to communicate and connect to younger generations. they have seen hmong people but never invited to the kitchen. >> our cultural dna is woven into the food we eat. it tells our story. reporter: the story begins around 5000 years ago in china where the hmong originated. they are thought to be the first in the world to cultivate rice and are known for colorful dress and embroidery. they were pushed into the mountains of burma. in laos during the vietnam war, the cia recruited them for covert missions. >> our task was to rescue american pilots shot down, and to prevent the vietnamese from

going into southern laos and to fight against the americans in south vietnam. reporter: the conflict is so central to the hmong story that an expansive mural of a secret cia airbase in laos covers a wall of the hmong village market in st. paul. >> it's a place where my father and his brother joined up, their missions were launched out of this area. reporter: the conflict killed an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 hmong soldiers, about a quarter of all boys and men. tens of thousands of civilians also died during the war and after the american forces withdrew. >> after the united states pulled out in 1975, the vietnamese came after us, so we fled to thailand. >> this person's father led a group across a river to safety in thailand. in 1984, they were born in a refugee camp.

many immigrated to minnesota thanks to church groups. >> learning how to cook in a hmong household is not an option. you are going to learn to cook. reporter: but he says as a child he was not necessarily proud of his heritage. >> i was ashamed that my parents could not come to school for career day because my parents could not speak english. as a kid i was very embarrassed. reporter: he worked in restaurants to pay the bills after college and launched his food trailer but wasn't sure of the future. in 2017 his father suffered a head injury. >> my dad is a warrior. he got us to this country. if he dies on the bed, his whole legacy goes with him.

it changed for me, it wasn't about telling the story of our people, it was sealing the legacy of mom and dad. reporter: so today he uses is popular eatery to tell his parents story. >> the sausage is very aromatic. lemongrass, ginger, garlic, shallots, fish sauce. we won an award with the recipe. i told my father about it he was like really? that simple thing? reporter: the hot sauce is his mother's recipe. >> it is a dark, crimson paste. >> it's always something different. >> the spicy red sauce, you can dip it on anything. i could have it on ice cream. reporter: it's not just the food that has brought his success. it's also his sense of humor and big personality. he has a podcast about hmong culture.

and he hosts two tv shows. >> he's kind of like a trail blazer for the hmong people. we don't have a country to call our own, he has introduced our cuisine to the world. >> he embodies how to celebrate our community. reporter: he has earned high-profile fans, like the lieutenant governor of minnesota, who briefly stopped by. >> this is my mom. >> so nice to meet you. reporter: he hopes to launch his first brick and mortar restaurant soon, naming it after the refugee camp where he was born and his parents first met, embracing his heritage and no longer ashamed. ♪

amna: remember there's more online, including a look at why mining is important for the transition to green technology, and what experts say we can do to limit the environmental consequences in the process. that is out pbs.org/newshour. be sure to tune into "washington week with the atlantic" tonight on pbs. moderator jeffrey goldberg and his panel will discuss george santos' historic expulsion from congress, and senator tommy tuberville's plans to end his blockade of military promotions. and watch pbs news weekend tomorrow for the latest from the u.n.'s cop28 climate conference in the united arab emirates, where world leaders are moving closer to agreement to cut methane emissions. and that is the newshour. i'm amna nawaz. on behalf of the entire newshour team, thank you for joining us and have a great weekend. >> major funding for "the pbs newshour" has been provided by -- ♪

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jeffrey: the house makes history by expelling george santos from its ranks. >> in light of the expulsion of the german from new york, the whole number of the house is 334. jeffrey: somehow santos found a silver lining. in the more dignified chamber of commerce, democrats put tommy to prevail on notice. -- tommy tupper bi on notice. >>