john: tonight on pbs news weekend, eating disorders, once thought to be more prevalent among women and girls, are affecting more and more adolescent boys. then, what the biden administration is doing to tackle those hidden fees that hit low-income families the hardest. and the often misunderstood legacy of the black panther party and its influence on today's struggle for civil rights. >> i think the greatest legacy was a youth movement, a young organization composed mainly of people in their late teens and

early 20's, a new type of organization and youth movement that was focused on serving the community. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular, this is sam. this is a pocket dial. well, somebody's pocket, with consumer cellular you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that's our thing. have a nice day. >> and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. john: good evening. i am john yang. as israel's bombardment of gaza goes on, the world health organization says the main hospital in southern gaza is no longer functional after an israeli raid. the head of the who said 200 patients remain in the hospital. the hamas run gaza health ministry says ly 25 medical staff remain. israel says last week's raid was to look for the remains of hostages and they arrested more

than 100 suspected militants. today's airstrikes killed at least 18 people, including children. israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu brushed aside national concerns about a planned ground assault, saying those in harm's way would be evacuated. many of the one million gazans who have taken refuge in rafah say there is no place left to go. >> [translated] we will not go, we will die in our country here. where should we go? our homes are gone. everything we own from money to possessions are gone. any sustenance we got is gone. john: tomorrow the international court of justice opens hearings on the legality of israel's 57 year occupation of gaza and the west bank, both captured in the 1967 arab-israeli war. two policefficers and a paramedic are dead after an early morning shooting in a well-to-do suburb of minneapolis.

the minnesotaolice association says the suspect is dead. the association said seven children were inside the home and the suspect negotiated wh police for four hours for swat officers entered. officials identified the victims as officers paul amstrad and matthewouche. the minnesota governor said they were responding to a call about a family in danger and that other officers were also injured. a senior pakistani official admitted he helped rigged election results in his city. that deepens the political turmoil surrounding the tumultuous and indecisive eltions earlier this month. this weekend thousands of supporters of the jailed former prime minister imran khan took to the streets. there are accusations the military tampered with the vote count. and at the nba all-star weekend in indianapolis, golden state warriors star steph curry

narrowly beat new york liberties sabrina unesco and the first ever nba-wnba three-point contest. sabra shot from the men's three-point line, 12 to 18 inches beyond the wnba line. curry had to rally to edge sabrina by three points. the real winners worthy charities the players chose to get $25,000 each. still to come, junk fees, those charges millions of americans are hit with every year, and the often hidden history of the black panther party. >> this is pbs news weekend from w eta studios in washington, home of the pbs newshour, weeknights on pbs. john: for years eating disorders were thought to be a condition predominantly affecting women and girls, but it is estimated that one in three people with an eating disorder is male, and

that 10 million american males will struggle with it at some point in their lives. doctor jason nagata is a pediatrician specializing in eating disorders at the university of california, san francisco. he's also editor of the book "eating disorders in boys and men." doctor nagata, do eating disorders look different in boys than in girls? >> yes, absolutely. the masculine body ideal is big and muscular, and this can lead to muscle building behavior like excessive exercise, restriction of carbs and fat, while overconsuming protein, and use of muscle building supplements and drugs like anabolic steroids. when taken to the extreme, this can lead to muscle dysmorphia, also known as reverse anorexia or biggerexia. and this is why somebody pathologically becomes obsessed with the idea that their body is too puny or scrawny. and they need to become more muscular. john: what does over exercise, too much protein, not enough carbohydrates, what does that do to the body?

>> in simple terms, we need to maintain, you know, an energy balance. so whatever energy we're exerting through physical activity or exercise, we need to take in and out for nutrition. i think it's pretty well recognized that when people restrict their eating, like if they are skipping meals or really eating a small amount of calories, that can lead to energy deficit. but i think it's relatively under-recognized that if people are exercising a lot, but they're not increasing their nutrition, that can also lead to energy deficit. this is what we see in many of the boy athletes who develop eating disorders that we take care of. john: we're hearing much more about eating disorders in boys. is it because there are more males with eating disorders, or is it just being recognized more and diagnosed more? >> i think it's a little bit of both. boys have more pressures for muscularity now more than ever. hollywood superheroes have become more muscular than in past decades. boys' action figures are more muscular, and with the advent of social media, boys' bodies are on display more than ever.

and there are all these studies that have shown that more engagement with social media is linked with disordered eating, muscle dissatisfaction, and even steroid use, particularly among teenage boys. i think the last factor that the covid-19 pandemic really led to an explosion of eating disorders among teenagers across the board, including in boys, just due to a perfect storm of social anxiety, isolation, disruption of activities in school, and then, rise in screen time. john: are the treatments for males the same as the treatment for females, or do you have to come up with new techniques, new approaches? >> unfortunately, most of the research has been based on females, not males. and so we don't have really great guidance. and in fact, previously loss of periods was a criteria for anorexia nervosa. and so it's actually been hard to diagnose boys because some of the diagnostic criteria actually don't reflect some of the experiences that they're facing. one of the first patients that i

took care of as a student was a 16-year-old male wrestler, who had been struggling for years with an eating disorder before anyone recognized it as an eating disorder. but by the time that we saw him, he was obsessed with his weight. he was checking his weight ten times a day. he was working out for seven hours a day. and he would only eat protein supplements, nothing else. and so, unfortunately, he had gotten to a severely malnourished state and actually had to be hospitalized. and i remember at the time trying to, as a student, trying to read up about guidelines and how to best help him. but nothing existed because it was all based on female samples. john: what do you tell parents, guardians, or anyone who's got a young male they care about in their lives? what are the signs they should look for? >> you know, muscle building goals are pretty common in teenage boys. a third of teenage boys report that they're trying to bulk up or gain weight, and not all of them will develop an eating disorder. however, warning signs for an eating disorder occur when a boy

develops a preoccupation or obsession with food, exercise, appearance, or weight in a way that impairs their school or daily functioning and also starts to really worsen their quality of life. so, for instance, some of the boys with eating disorders that i care for spend five plus hours in the gym, and if they aren't in the gym all day, they'll feel guilty about it. they won't be able to eat out with family or friends because they perceive restaurant food or home cooked food to be insufficient in protein or too fatty. and so when it really gets to a point where it's impairing your social functioning or work or school functioning, that's i think when it borders into a disorder. john: and if parents spot these signs, what should they do to help? >> i think a goofirst step is to talk with their primary care pediatrician who can help to get a referral to an eating disorder specialist, a mental health provider, and a nutrition provider to help support your child. john: dr. jason nagata of the

university of california, san francisco, thank you very much. >> thank you for having me. ♪ john: the biden administration has proposed new regations that take aim at junk fees, those hidden or misleading charges that boost the cost of things like concert tickets, hotel rooms, and even bank accounts by tens of billions of dollars a year. ali rogin has the details. ali: $8 billion is how much money the nation's biggest banks take in roughly every year in overdraft fees. the average dollar amount for overdrawing a bank account has come down in recent years, but in 2023, the average fee was still more than $26, and those with the least ability to pay are the hardest hit. in 2023, 34% of households making less than $65,000 a year were charged with an overdraft or insufficient funds fee. cora lewis is a business

reporter for the associated press. cora, thank you for joining us. how is the biden administration looking to tackle these fees? >> the biden administration is using the consumer financial protection bureau to take aim at these fees, as well as the federal trade commission. when it comes to overdraft fees, they are trying to use new rules and regulations to limit the amount that banks can charge consumers when they overdraft. they are proposing a new rule that would require banks to show what their costs are to consumers when they enact these fees. banks really aren't interested in doing that. so the cfpb is giving them an alternative, which is to lower the fees to as little as three dollars, but possibly six dollars, seven dollars, or $14 as benchmark fees, which are still much, much lower than the fees as they currently stand. ali: and why is the biden administration taking on junk fees right now? why is this the moment they have

decided to do this? >> right now a lot of the pandemic era stimulus is ending. inflation has been high for a while. people are relying on credit cards. the average consumer is really feeling the pinch and has spent down their savings, and junk fees really hit households who can least afford them. overdraft fees typically hit consumers who have less than $500 in a checking account. and oftentimes the same households that experience overdraft fees will experience them multiple times per year. they might be living paycheck to paycheck or relying on social security or other benefits. so $35 when you're already really working hard to budget is a significant amount. ali: absolutely. no you pointed out some really good reasons why this would be happening now, the pandemic among them. but of course, these fees have been around since the 1990s. why have they been allowed to continue and to get so much bigger over so much time? >> yeah, it's really been an insidious growth. they have come down in recent

years, banof america in particular has reduced their fees, i think partly because the banks were taking a reputational hit, and they were finding it harder and harder to justify these increasingly punitive fees. put regulations seem to be needed to bring them even more in line with what is reasonable. so now -- ali: so now what are banks saying about this? >> the banks in recent years have started making huge amounts of money off of these fees. and so, as you can imagine, there's a strong lobbying effort against the proposed regulations. and some smaller banks like credit unions and community banks in particular rely very heavily on these fees and are not interested in them being reined in by the white house. ali: yeah, and that seems to be one of the lines that you hear a lot of, saying this could really detrimentally affect community banks, credit unions, banks that support the military. so how is that landing on the other side of the issue among the people that want to get rid of these fees?

>> i would say that consumer advocates would argue that if you are relying on these fees to run your bank and to support your business model, then you're not operating as a bank. you're really operating as a lender, and you're making these small loans with extremely exorbitant rates, and you should be regulated as a lender in that case and not as a bank. ali: and of course, these new rules are going into effect through the cfpb, through the administration, not going to congress. how easily could they be undone by a subsequent administration? >> [14:51:46]that's, i believe, also a hope of the banking industry is that, republican president or a republican congress could really undo these regulations, and that if they stall long enough or if there's a different administration, they could be undone very easily. ali: cora lewis, who is covering this issue for the associated press, thank you so much for breaking it down. >> thanks for having me.

♪ john: in the 1960's civil rights movement, some concluded that non-violence and the focus on integration had failed. rather than integrating society, they wanted to fundamentally change it. and they didn't renounce violence in self-defense. their cry was "black power" rather than "we shall overcome." one of the most prominent of these groups was the black panther party. it was also perhaps one of the most misunderstood and vilified by the white establishment. for black history month, that's the topic of tonight's "hidden histories." >> [chanting] john: the black panther party was revolutionary in both goals and tactics. it began in 1966 in response to the assassination of malcolm x and the killing of an unarmed black 16-year-old named matthew johnson during a san francisco

police stop. founders bobby seale and huey newton were college students at the time. >>e up the black panther party , as long as there are corrupt officials, as long as the oppressor makes the laws, the people are not bound to respect them. we are bound to transform society and erect a system where people will receive justice. john: their 10-point program leaned heavily on marxism. they saw black americans' struggles as part of a global liberation movement. >> in america, black people are treated very much as are the vietnamese people or any other colonized people because we're used, we're brutalized. the police in our community occupy our area, our community as the foreign troop occupies territory. john: they provided community services called survival programs to promote self-determination -- free food, especially breakfasts for school children, free health care and

voter registration drives. they established schools in nine cities. >> we cannot stand these oppressive foreign troops in our community. john: women made up roughly half of the panther membership of about 2000 and they often held leadership roles. from 1974 until 1977, elaine brown was the head of the national party. but it was the group's paramilitary displays that drew the white establishment's attention and alarm. members patrolled neighborhoods in black jackets and black berets, openly and legally carrying weapons. for many white americans, a photo of stern-looking newton holding a rifle and a spear became their image of black panthers. fbi director j. edgar hoover called the party "the greatest threat to internal security" and ordered surveillance to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discdit, or otherwise neutralize" the black panthers. tensions with local police led to deadly clashes. in chicago, a police raid killed

rising party star fred hampton and party member mark clark. in 1982, the federal government paid $1.8 million to settle a lawsuit alleging that the fbi had a role in the chicago raid. plagued by internal disputes and power struggles, the party was essentially defunct by the late 1970's. it was formally disbanded in 1982. >> no justice -- >> no peace. john: but many see parts of s legacy living on today in groups like black lives matter. party members were among the first to openly challenge police violence, often converging on the scene when offers stopped young black men on the streets. donna murch is an associate professor of history at rutgers university and the author of "living for the citymigration, education and the rise of the black panther party in oakland, california." donna, from your perspective, what is the greatest legacy of the black panther party? >> i think the greatest legacy was a youth movement, a young organization composed mainly of people in their late teens and

early 20s, working class youth that had migrated from the south, who found themselves having unprecedented access to high school and college in california. and out of that, they helped form a study group and create a new type of organization and youth movement that was focused on serving the community. it started with confronting police violence because that's what the community saw as its single biggest problem. this is the era of the urban rebellions. you know, the party is formed a year after watts, and they were willing to perform a form of activism in order to empower others. but very quickly after the police patrols, the panthers shifted into something called "survival, pending revolution," which meant founding free breakfast programs, freedom schools, and the longest running institution of the black panther party was a school in oakland that ran for almost a decade. john: can you put the black

panther party in sort of the context of the civil rights movement, of where they stood, what role the organization filled? what their contributions were? >> i think one of the best ways to understand the panther party is to think about the black freedom movement as having a large geography and time period. so the party is formed a year after the passage of the voting rights act. but, you know, the dismantling of legal segregation in the south did not dismantle the problems of economics and access in the north and in the west. and one of the central issues about this was both police violence and people not having equal access to the social welfare state. so i would describe the panthers as emerging in this moment, post-civil rights. after the accomplishments of the civil rights movement, of the successful passage of the civil rights act and also the voting rights act. but i would be remiss to not talk about the global link to the panthers. they're formed in 1966, and this is after over a decade of

decolonization, of african countries winning their independence. and also, very importantly, they look to asia. the panthers are formed in northern california, and they were adamant in their opposition to the vietnam war and american imperialism. they identified with the vietnamese, the viet minh, and with ho chi minh. and they actually looked a lot to vietnam, to china, and to a vision of anti-colonialism and a socialist state that would serve the people. so i think that's one of the most important contexts. the other thing i really want to stress, because the popular representations of the panthers is wrong. so many people find out about the panthers through forrest gump. they're represented as anti-white black militants. but the truth is, is that the party of all the 1960's organizations, they have the strongest ties to creating a multiracial coalition. what was called in this period the rainbow coalition that jesse jackson later picks up on.

so they united with white radical youth who they called mother country radicals to oppose the vietnam war. and this was incredibly threatening to the government of the time, you know, to j. edgar hoover in particular, because you basically saw a multiracial coalition uniting to stop anti-communism and violence in the global south. so i think that would also be the panthers legacy, a model of multiracial coalition building. john: you mentioned the free breakfast program that they ran in communities, which is not that far apart from the federal, uh, free breakfast program that's being run now. but there was also a political vision in that, wasn't there? >> yes. that's such an important point. they were arguing that the social welfare state, as it existed, was not serving the people, and that they, as teenagers, could provide free breakfast. when they started the freedom schools, so many of the low income children who went to panthers schools had not had breakfast, and they couldn't

learn. and so, they were shaming the state. and although we don't have the direct documentary evidence, it is thought by many scholars that that shaming of the state prompted the issuing of free school lunch. john: are there groups today that you see as direct descendants of the black panther party? you can draw a direct line from them to today? >> yeah, i would say, you know, my first book was about the party's genesis in oakland. it's called "living for the city." but my second book is about the last ten years, and it's about the black lives matter movement, and why they chose assata shakur, who was a rank and file panther member from new york city -- so she is not from oakland, where the panthers were formed. she's from new york. and she wasn't part of the traditional male leadership. and especially over the last ten years in the fight against state violence and murder and mass incarceration, assata has become the best known of the panthers, and it's from a poem that she

wrote in cuba in the 1980's that so many of these movement organizations opened their meetings -- "it is our duty to fight for freedom. it is our duty to win. we must love and protect one another. we have nothing to lose but our chains." john: donna murch of rutgers university. thank you very much. >> thank you. it's truly my pleasure. ♪ john: that is pbs news weekend for this sunday. i am john yang. for all my colleagues, thanks for joining us. have a good week. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> cunard is a proud supporter of public television. on a voyage with cunard, the world awaits. a world of flavor, diverse destinations, and immersive

experiences. a world of leisure and british style. all with cunard's white star service. narco and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

>> you'

actually turn the clock around and feel younger. woman, voice-over: i was doing exercise on pbs, and miranda showed up, and she changed my life. second woman, voice-over: she was discussing a technique that she had created where you're engaging all your muscles and slow down premature aging. that got my attention right away. third woman, voice-over: just watching her inspired me to give it a try, and it became a part of my life.