♪ >> tonight on pbs newsweek und, a new study highlights the detection of some types of cancer in the lgbtq community. a look inside the world of

domestic workers and the lack of basic labor protections. and as the spring bird migration season draws to a close, birds are crashing into windows and what one american city is doing about it. >> some don't recognize what a threat this is because it is such a passive threat. this is us by having windows, it is a threat to birds and it is killing birds. ♪ >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. ♪ and friends of the newshour.

♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> good evening. more than 90 nations including the united states are making a show of support for ukraine at a peace summit in switzerland, hoping to strengthen the negotiating position with russia which pointedly was not invited to the gathering at a resort in the alps. vice president kamala harris is representing the u.s.. she announced a one point $5 billion aid package for ukraine 's hard-hit energy sector.

volodymyr zelenskyy looks forward to a postwar ukraine. >> we are here today for the sake of diplomacy. ukraine has always believed in the power of diplomacy. war is not our choice. it is putin's choice. >> jake sullivan called the proposed russian deal to end the war a completely absurd vision. the israeli military says eight soldiers died in an explosion in southern gaza today. the second deadliest aack on israeli forces during the war. in gaza, families are preparing for a bleak day tomorrow. it's one of the most important festivals in the muslim calendar. it's usually celebrated with family meals and gifts for children. but this year, there is war, hunger and misery. the holiday marks the end of two one million muslims gathering in a sacred hill in the hill of mercy for a day of worship, known as mohammed's farewell

sermon place. people turned out to protest against a far right political party in advance of french parliamentary elections. labor unions, students and groups fighting racism called for the protest after the right wing national rounding party trounced president macron's centrist party in last week's european parliamentary elections. the first round of elections will be held at the end of the month. and kate, the princess of wales, made her first public appearance today since she said she is being treated for cancer. it was during festivities to mark the official birthday celebration for king charles the third who himself was treated for cancer in january. kate said in a statement yesterday that she has not out of the woods yet and will continue chemotherapy for a few more months. still to come on pbs newsweek und, why u.s. domestic workers have less protections than other employees. and how the city of philadelphia

is working to protect birds from deadly window collisions. >> this is pbs news weekend from weta news studios in washington. home of the newshour on pbs. >> first of its kind report from the american cancer society is shedding new light on cancer risks for lgbtq people. it finds that some lgbtq populations are more likely to have cancer risk factors like smoking, heavy alcohol use or excess body weight. transgender people are less likely to be screened for ceical, colorectal and prostate cancer. and lgbtq people continue to face barriers to high-quality health care including discrimination. dr. william d. is the american cancer society's chief scientific officer. this is the first time this is being looked into, why

now? why did you decide to do this now? >> thanks for having me on today. that is a great question. it's really important to know, this was really a way for us to get a clue as to the cancer risks in this population. registries do not collect data for cancer deaths and incidents based on sexual orientation or gender. i think this is really important, to begin to understand, is the risk different? catching that information and -- in a much more critical way. >> what do you think of the key takeaways from this report? >> a couple things are really important. you really need to aggregate the data by the population. this is not really one homogeneous group. certain groups as you commented on early on, bisexual women in their 40's and 50's, much higher alcohol use and obesity use and

tobacco use. these are real risk factors for cancers. other things are also interesting. overall the vaccination rates were fairly similar to other populations. that was good news. screening rates are fairly good, except as you mentioned in transgender men and fewer screenings done for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer. there's a lot of variety. >> the risk factors, are these directly related to being gay or lesbian or transgender or is it also partly because of the stress that comes along with the stigma of being in those communities? >> the risk factors themselves are risk factors for anybody to have cancer. in our data, there is 40% to 42% of cancers that are actually preventable and probably the risk of dying from cancer is -- the prevention is -- it is

probably easier to prevent dying from cancer by changing behavior. we focus on those behaviors, alcohol use, obesity, tobacco use. we did see them higher in this population particularly in bisexual women. that gives us concern the will be a higher risk of cancer rates and deaths. and the folks are not seeking medical care because of biases, there's likelihood people will have poor outcomes. >> how much of this has to do with the culture of maybe society or medical care? along with this report, a study came up from dana-farber cancer institute that said 80% of lgbtq cancer patients they surveyed said they did not get appropriate preventative screening, 34% said that their partners felt welcome in part of the treatment and only 4% said they felt respected by caregivers. >> it really is concerning. there is one fact the paper

pointed out only about 25% of current medical students actually feel comfortable taking care of transgender individuals. in 30%, there was a sense of potential perceived bias, when you thought about it. i think seeing this hesitancy to seek medical care for real and perceived bias can have a much poorer outcome. even if u have symptoms, if you are not seen, you are more likely to present a more advanced disease. there are concerns with people from this community. >> what lessons can be learned from this and what can be done to overcome these problems? >> the first lesson is, i think we need more data on true cancer incidents and mortality in the lgbtq population. that is important. secondly, the same things that are likely to drive risk for all folks, we need to focus in on this population, too,

ensuring a normal, healthy weight, exercise, don't smoke, decrease alcohol use. begin to educate our students, interns and residents to have a much more inclusive, welcoming attitude. if we push people away, the outcomes particularly in cancer can be devastating. >> thank you very much. >> thanks so much for having me. ♪ >> in many american households, domestic workers like nannies and housekeepers and home health aides perform essential tasks. but they also have fewer rights and protections than most u.s. workers. reporter: each day, nearly 2.5 million nannies, aides for the

elderly and home cleaners do jobs that allow the rest of the american workforce to do theirs. despite being a foundational part of the economy, many of these workers are excluded from key workplace protections, including the fair labor standards act and the occupational safety and act, which respectively cover wages and workplace safety. protections also vary by state. states and the district of columbia passed their own domestic workers bills of ghts but there is no such federal law. members of congress have tried and failed to pass a federal version for several years. caitlin henderson is a senior researcher at oxfam, fighting poverty and injustice where she studies how state seet workers and working families. thanks for being here. why have domestic workers historically been excluded from these sorts of protections? >> unfortunately, it reflects a long history of sexual and racial discrimination in this country. where black women were excluded

from labor protections in 1930's . unfortunately when we are creating the social safety net that still exists today, a lot of southern senators were neighbors about including black workers in frameworks of minimum wages, overtime protections, and the right to organize. beyond the exclusions, why is it these workers are so vulnerable to mistreatment? >> domestic workers are excluded from the occupational safety and act, which means a lot of protections most workers have for workplace does not extend to domestic workers because usually it means people's homes. they are exposed to issues of this termination and harassment. domestic workers are not included in the civil rights act from 1960's. so they are uniquely exposed to types of vulnerabilities most workers don't have. the majority of workers in the u.s. are women, women of color and immigrants. as another collective of workers that have been excluded from the

national labor relations act which establishes the right to unionize, a lot of these workers feel uniquely exposed and vulnerable. not as comfortable bringing up issues to their employer especially since they are very classically at will and their employers which is often families and individuals can terminate employment at any time. there our efforts to correct these issues, -- >> there our efforts -- are efforts to correct these issues. >> there is a domestic bill of rights. a similar piece of legislation passed in 11 states and d.c. and puerto rico and several cities. we know that it works really well. this would be a piece of legislation that establishes minimum wage provisions, overtime protection, protection network from harmful chemicals, for example, discrimination and harassment, and the ability to collectively organize. >> there have been efforts for years to pass this bill of rights. why does it keep getting stalled? >> we are waiting for the political will from a lot of

individuals to see the value in this. we know domestic workers let all other work happen. these are intrinsically valuable, essential workers to our economy. hopefully people will realize the importance of this sooner than later. >> another piece seems to be making sure workers know their rights. why is it such a challenge to reach workers where they are and close that awareness gap? >> it is so hard when your workace is someone's home and your work by yourself. one way is to find them in a collective. domestic workers usually work alone or in a vacuum. it's taken a lot of time for the national domestic workers alliance among other organizations to reach out and build community and collectively organize workers. >> what sort of mistreatment typically happens to this segment of the workforce? >> because they are working alone at the house, often they are extremely exposed to issues of sexual harassment and discrimination, exposure to chemicals in the cleaning products as an example, also a tendency to not pay workers if

they are canceled upon -- if the shift is canceled at the last minute. it is hard for the workers to have a plan in terms of if they have their own responsibilities. >> how did the covid pandemic affect the domestic workplace? >> covid was a huge problem. since we were all told to go home, shelter at home, that's usually the workplace for domestic workers. it was incredibly -- an incredibly economically vulnerable moment we are still trying to solve today. >> it seems contradictory a part of the workforce that is so foundational to the economy has also treated as part of the periphery. is that perception need to change and if so how does that happen? >> care work is the work that makes all other work possible. i think the covid-19 pandemic did an important thing in terms of allowing all of us to recognize how crucial care work is, whether it is childcare, eldercare or people with disabilities or domestic work. >> that's caitlin henderson with oxfam, thanks for being here. >> thank you.

♪ >> every year in the u.s., as many as one billion birds die while migrating. it's not due to cmate change or some toxic substance in the air or water, this culprit is hiding in plain sight -- the birds are killed when they collide with glass. for the latest in our saving species series, we see an effort to reduce this carnage in philadelphia where residents love a lot more birds than just the eagles. >> the birds are attracted to the brightness. reporter: the sun is barely up over downtown philadelphia and the guy known as the bird man is already at work. stephen m. is a fixture here during the spring and fall migrations, looking for birds not in the skies but on the sidewalks, where they have

fallen after hitting a window. some are dead, some are injured, others just stunned. >> they don't know what glass is. they don't know glass is hard. they just see a reflection. they think they can go in or through and they start hitting. >> it didn't take long for his eagle eyes to spot a dead oven bird, a small songbird. >>o beautiful. they have this orange crown and this loud voice saying "teacher, teacher, teacher." >> details going to his log book . the bird will be taken to a lab for study. all too common routine done, he moves on. he is a volunteer for bird safe fili, aimed at creating safe spaces for birds. since 1970, the u.s. and canada have seen a decline in bird species, up 30%. while much of it is due to habitat loss, glass windows pose

the third-largest threat. robin i. as with audubon mid atlantic. >> folks don't recognize how serious of a threat this is. because it is such a passive threat, not something we are actively doing like engaging in deforestation or paving over areas of habitat. this is simply by us existing in the way that we live having windows, it is a threat to birds and it is killing birds. >> we organize how we classify birds. >> jason w. runs a lab at the university. >> you can see this is filled with specimens that say philadelphia. >> the collection of window strike birds date back nearly 150 years. >> if you look here, there are specimens from 1877. this one from 1906 is actually from the early window kills that have been here in philadelphia. this was on city hall was first lit up, we had window strikes happen. there were some window strikes

just from glass alone. that does happen. certainly it is a problem when it is reflective. but you add lights into to the mix and it worse. >> birds make the long migratory journeys mostly at night. for reasons still not fully understood, they are drawn to artificial lights. philadelphia sits on a migratory superhighway known as the atlantic flyway. so its brightly lit sky line is ripe for the mass collision that occurred october 2,020. >> we had around 450 birds just at this building. i take care of a number -- i took care of a number of birds and processed them. >> how many birds that you collect that day? >> 800 or 900. we kind of thought that there was probably over 1500 that were killed. >> that happened essentially in my backyard. >> the catastrophic event moved bird lover marianne scott

to action. >> the high-rises are the biggest problem, but the statistic is for stories or less where the most fatal collisions occur. >> as executive director of the building association of philadelphia, she is to convince the number of buildings or turn off lights both inside and outside between midnight and 6 a.m. during migration seasons. >> my on large, people don't know there's a problem. they are shocked to hear when i say that there might be 300 million birds traveling across the country now. >> in fact, the night before we went on patrol with stephen, an estimated 660 million birds were in the skies over the u.s. in the midst of their spring migration north. that makes for a busy morning. an injured oven bird is placed in a paperback for transport to the wildlife center clinic for rehabilitation. then, stephen helps an

apparently stunned bird struggling to regain its sense of direction and get on its way. next, an injured yellow throated warbler. at the entrance of an office building, a fox safeguarding the body of a dead bd. >> i actually have him in my contacts on my phone. because this is so sadly a regular occurrence. sometimes i have been sitting there, and they have flown into the window. >> we are are used to just clean up and move on, now we try to save as many as possible. >> he is a key leader in the building owners d managers association in philadelphia, oma, he's working to get his counterparts on board. >> where controlling all the outside lighting and lobby and crown lighting. we encourage all of our oma members to sign on to the

program. we had a terrific response. we are probably at 60 buildings. >> some cities and states require bird safe design. in maryland, state law says buildings that are at least 50% publicly funded must follow bird safe design practices. a new york city law mandates all city-owned buildings turn off lights at night during migration season. in canada, toronto requires new and existing buildings to take steps to be bird friendly. in west philadelphia, the university of pennsylvania makes being further friendly part of its sustainability plan. many school buildings take part in lights out philly, and in some like this center for nanotechnology, window glasses have vertical stripes, a pattern that reduces collisions. it is the same ideas the dots covering the windows of water college house, one of the campus dorms. >> have become the --

>> i have become the bird expert in my group. >> the student eco rep monits the campus as part of his work study program for bird strikes. >> most of them were dead, so i can field the remnants of their body and it's really hard, it's not something that gets any easier. to me, it has struck me as a microcosm of how humans interact with the environment in general. it is our architecture and influence that is causing these birds to get hurt and die. >> it's an idea that helps inform the work of landscape planner chloe s. >> the way i got interested in birds was through trying to find another way to understand whether our landscapes were functioning. because if we are inviting these birds in by creating ese important habitats that they need, we absolutely

have to make sure that it's a safe space for them. we can't invite them in just to let them die in the built environment. >> the solutions he has employed are some of the methods found to be effective. at the discovery center in philadelphia, robin shows us others. >> these are bird saving lines. these are a simple technique, a cost effective technique, a para cord that protects birds from flying into the glass. it's not going to feel comfortable going through that space. >> it is an honor. reporter: back on the streets of philadelphia, stephen rats up his day -- wraps up his day. he has collected 13 dead and injured birds.

all the birds are available to use for research. >> it is sad to find these birds. they are coming up north look into raise a family traveling thousands of miles from south america and central america, the caribbean to come this far and to die on the streets of philadelphia. ♪ >> now online, educators in missouri worried that a new build promising salary increases does not guarantee them. all that and more is on our website pbs.org/newshour. that is pbs news weekend for this saturday. next week, we sit down with national advisor jake sullivan at the ukrainian peace conference. for all of my colleagues,

thanks for joining us. see you tomorrow. >> major funding for pbs news weekend has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular, this is sam. how may i help you? with consumer cellular, you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that's kind of our thing. have a nice day. ♪ >> and with the ongng support of these individuals an institutions. -- and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to here pbs -- yo ur pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

♪ -next on "great performances"... -♪ oh, what a beautiful mornin' ♪ -oh, what a beautiful day, when it's time to celebrate the 80th anniversary of one of musical theater's most legendary partnerships -- rodgers and hammerstein. -♪ the hills are alive ♪