♪ amna: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. jeff bennett is away. tonight, our exclusive interview with national security advisor jake sullivan as wars raged on in gaza and ukraine.

the u.s. surgeon general calls for warning labels on social media amid 18 mental health crisis in america. -- a teen mental health crisis in america. and the impact new weight loss drugs are having on the economy. >> about a 20% decline in monthly spend on groceries for a one person household. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- the ongoing support of these individuals an institutions, 10 friends of the newshour, -- and friends of the newshour. >> two retiring executives turn their focus to greyhounds.

giving these dogs a real chance to win. life, well-planned. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more supporting institutions to promote a better world. at hewlett.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals an institution -- and institutions. ♪ this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and contributions to your pbs station from viewers

like you. thank you. amna: welcome to the newshour. israeli officials say prime minister benjamin netanyahu has dissolved his war cabinet. the body was formed in a show of unity after the october 7 hamas attack's to make key decisions about the fighting in gaza. but last week the centrist member resigned in protest of netanyahu's handling of the war. officials say the prime minister will rely more on his security cabinet which includes some far right members who oppose a cease-fire deal. at the u.s. state department today, spokesman matthew miller says the shift will not affect u.s. relations with israel. >> we have made clear when they take actions that we disagree with, we have made it clear publicly and we have had direct conversations privately as well with the senior members of the government of israel about the policies that we think are unproductive not only to the flight of the palestinian people but israel's security. amna: on the ground in gaza,

israel engaged in a tactical pause at a seven mile road starting at the border crossing in southern gaza. the israel defense forces announced a pause on sunday. it is meant to get more humanitarian aid into gaza, where experts warned that a famine looms. video today showed truckloads of supplies driving through the crossing. but israel says the u.n. which is responsible for distributing aid inside gaza has yet to take full advantage of the protective road. more than 20 countries in the nato alliance will hit their defense spending targets this year, and your record, according to the nato secretary general, visiting washington this week. it comes as the war in ukraine looms large over much of europe. only six nations met the same goal three years ago before russia invaded. meeting today with president biden, jens stoltenberg spoke about the high-stakes next month when nato leaders will gather in washington. >> it's important to understand,

the stronger our support for ukraine is, the sooner this work him -- this war can and. -- can end. amna: some nato members are concerned about a potential trump reelection in november. the former president is characterized -- has characterized nato countries as freeloading on u.s. military spending. he has vowed not to defend any members that fall short of defense spending targets. the maryland governor issued more than 175,000 pardons for marijuana convictions today. his office says it is the biggest such action ever taken at the state level. with the stroke of a pen and a smile, he signed the executive order to forgive low-level charges for cannabis and paraphernalia possession. maryland legalized recreational marijuana last year and he says it is a chance to write historical wrongs -- right historical wrongs. >> one of the best and most

equitable legal markets in the country. it's incredibly important. but that rule out must -- rollout must go hand-in-hand with pardoning past conduct and maryland is going to lead by example. amna: black americans are more than three times as likely to be arrested for marijuana possession as white americans according to the aclu. it is going to be dangerously hot for much of the midwest, mid-atlantic and northeast this week. already more than 70 million people were under extreme heat alerts today. the national weather service estimates more than 260 million americans will experience temperatures above 90 degrees this week. some of those could be record highs, including in new york city. >> want to be clear -- we want to be clear, this is extremely hot for june. new york should not estimate the heat. with climate change leading to more frequent and intense heat, summers are different than they were before. amna: the heat has fueled

severe midwest storms, leading to scenes like this in western michigan, where a trampoline was tossed in the air. and and has created tinderbox conditions out west. in california, firefighters are working to contain the post fire which has burned 24 square miles north of los angeles. firefighters are battling another blaze in northern california's sonoma wine country. . it was 20% surrounded today after burning nearly two square miles. a federal judge has temporarily halted a biden administration rule expanding title ix protections for lgbtq+ students in six additional states. the preliminary injunction applies to kentucky, indiana, ohio, tennessee, and west virginia. last week a judge luck to the rule in several states. 20 republican-led sites have been fighting the measure which is due to take effect in august. it would expand civil-rights protections expand the definition of sexual harassment in schools and colleges and add

safeguards for victims. on wall street today, stocks started the week on solid footing thanks to further gains in the tech sector. the dow jones gained 188 points to close over 38,000. the nasdaq hit its six straight record adding 160 points. the s&p 500 ended at any high -- a new high. the tony awards are in the books with veterans and newcomers alike taking home theater's biggest prizes. "the outsiders" adaptation won best new musical. "stereophonic" won best new play. jonathan g. scored his first ever tony as best actor in a musical, "merrily we roll along." and she was crowned for her leading role in "hell's kitchen." hillary clinton got a standing ovation as she produced a number

from a program she coproduced. coming up, we break down the latest political headlines. and a new book examines the battle over race and identity in america's classrooms. ♪ >> >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: a top aide to volodymyr zelenskyy today called this weekend's ukraine peace conference a success. it was derided just as definitively by the kremlin as an effective. russia was not invited. more than 90 nations attended the summit in the swiss alps. we sat down yesterday with u.s. national security advisor jake sullivan who accompanied vice president kamala harris. last night, weird part one of

that conversation. tonight, part two begins on the front lines in eastern ukraine. >> thank you very much, jake sullivan, welcome to newshour. does the agreement allow ukraine to fire american weapons over the border into rssia -- enter russia at forces that are about to attack into ukraine, beyond the kharkiv region into the suma region where russian forces have been targeting? >> it extends to anywhere that russian forces are coming across the border, from the russian side, to the ukrainian side to try to take additional territory. we have seen initial indications that russia has made exploratory moves across the area so it would apply there as well. this is about common sense, not geography. if russia is attacking or about to attack from its territory into ukraine, it only makes sense to allow

ukraine to hit back against the forces that are hitting it from across the board. >> russia's attacking ukraine from all parts of russia, why draw the line there? this week's bilateral security agreement obliges the u.s. to support ukraine's efforts to win today's war. how do you expect ukraine to win if it cannot attack russian forces? they use russia itself as a sanctuary. >> first, we are permitting ukrainian forces to attack russian forces using russia as a sanctuary in the areas where on the battlefield they are attacking from inside russia with artillery and other ground-based munitions. second we have made clear and have seen over the course of the past two years ukraine do this -- they can use air defense systems including those supplied by the u.s. attack russian planes out of the sky even if they are in russian airspace, about to fire into ukrainian airspace. >> ukraine has suggested publicly the f-16s will be based outside of ukraine. is that the plan, to put them in a nato country? >> the plan is to put them in

ukraine. the bilateral agreement reinforced this point. we want to help ukraine have this capability, based in ukraine. >> for 10 years, it obliges the u.s. to share weapons, training, weapons production. you struggled to get the supplemental through congress. joe biden might not be the president next year. trump has questioned whether supporting more aid to ukraine, why make a commitment that you don't know whether the u.s. can keep? >> i do believe the u.s. will keep it. there is a strong bipartisan majority for supporting ukraine in both the house and the senate and the american public. that majority was reflected in the vote of the supplemental, more than 300 votes in the house and more than 70 in the senate. that is an enduring commitment we see from both parties and it will ultimately shine through. >> it's dangerous to ever assume what trump would do if he were reelected, but there's no guarantee that he would respect

the bilateral security agreement. >> in life in general and democracy, there are never any locks to guarantees, things can change, leaders can change, situations can change. all president biden can do a study course and a vision for what is in the u.s.'s national security interest and the interest of the transatlantic alliance and what is in the interest of our partnership with ukraine. that type of approach has historically served america well and president biden is going to stick with that approach for as long as he is president, which he of course expects to be for another four years. >> in direct negotiations between israel and hamas have resumed after hamas formerly replied to the -- formally replied to the roadmap right and laid out. is asking for a timeline -- hamas is asking for a timeline of a permanent cease-fire and israeli withdrawal from gaza. the roadmap obliges israel to

have a temporary cease-fire that would continue so long as negotiations were continuing. is that hamas proposed change dead on arrival? >> i don't think the current proposal just obliges a temporary pause. it is a roadmap, as the president said in his remarks at the end of may, two an end to the war. it is true the first phase is set out. six weeks. the goal is to negotiate the necessary conditions to put in place a permanent cessation of hostilities, and that formula is in the proposal sent to hamas. if within the six weeks, all of those conditions are not agreed, and directly, between israel and hamas, they stay at the negotiate in. -- at the negotiating table. >> they must be committed so long as negotiations continue. >> hamas has come back with changes to the agreement. it is certainly the case that they are looking for

a moved from phase one to phase two that gives them a end to. >> is it dead on arrival? >> this is a negotiation, israel authorized a proposal to be put forward. hamas has come back with some elements that in our view are understandable, not unanticipated. and other elements that are out of step with what the u.n. security council set forward and was in the speech. now there needs to be a back. we need to bridge the remaining gaps and get to a conclusion. >> do you believe the hamas leader considers the many gazans who have died necessary sacrifices that would create whatspread pressure on israel? >> i have not heard that specific phrase other than reading it in the wall street journal but i will tell you that i am concerned that he had other -- and other hamas leaders are

making a cynical calculus with the lives of other palestinian people and the best way to prove that in fact they do care about the lives and well-being of palestinian civilians is to agree to a cease-fire. >> there's a lot of concern on the israeli side that benjamin netanyahu was unwilling or unable to get the deal through the current coalition. are you worried both sides are more worried about blaming the other for failure rather than making progress? >> in any negotiation, there is a risk of that kind of dynamic taking hold. but the israeli government has remained steadfast standing behind the proposal that was put forward in may. >> human the prime minister. >> the foreign minister has not walked away from it and -- and said i am back in office. he has stood by it. >> but he said privately he has reassured you because he is behind this proposal. >> that is correct. if hamas took that proposal

tomorrow, it will go into effect. >> are you concerned benjamin netanyahu is extending the war in order to stay in power or wait until the november u.s. election? >> i have learned long ago not to characterize the motives of leaders, to only judge them by their actions and the action i see as a prime minister that authorized proposal is the -- is that israel would take it. >> israel's making progress in rafah. do you think there is pressure on israel to talk more concretely about the day after plan? >> there will come a moment when the shift of military operations to some other reality is going to have to take place and that may be sooner rather than later. >> bring us back to ukraine and the summit. the peace that the world and the u.s. have been speaking about is in part about respecting the principles of

international law. the state department recently concluded its reasonable to assess u.s. weapons have been used by israel since october 7 inconsistent with international humanitarian law obligations. is there a u.s. double standard? >> president biden has enunciated the same principle when it comes to israel that he has enunciated with respect to ukraine. israel has a right to defend itself against a vicious and brutal terrorist organization but also a responsibility even despite the burden of having to fight hamas in hospitals and schools to do the utmost to protect civilians. our position with respect to russia and ukraine is russia has no right whatsoever to invade a sovereign country, cause harm and operate in utter and complete flagrant violation of the u.n. charter. the human dimension of each of these conflicts, the sense of motivation to try to bring peace and security on the basis of a fair and just outcome in both

gaza and ukraine is something that motivates him everyday. >> jake sullivan, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. ♪ amna: surveys show the overwhelming majority of american teens use social media and some form, with roughly 90% on youtube, over 60% on tiktok and snapchat, and nearly 60% on instagram. some studies now lick more than three hours a day on social media to increase risk of teen anxiety and depression, leading the u.s. surgeon general in a new op ed to call her a warning label on social media platforms. joining us now is the u.s. surgeon general, dr. vivek murthy. thanks for joining us. >> thanks for having me. >> i need to point out this would not happen without congressional action f some kind -- of some kind.

let's propose this idea arguing like tobacco, a warning label coupled with research and reporting on the harms of social media can cause, that it can make people make a different choice when it comes to social media. where have you seen that kind of self policing work that leads you to believe a warning label would make a difference for teens? >> thanks for asking, amna, the reason i'm calling for this warning label is because i want kids and parents to know what we know in public health and science now which is that social media use is associated with mental health harms. many people don't know that. it's important that we share that be a terms of why this could potentially be effective. we have experience with warning labels from tobacco and alcohol. in studying that experience, we can see particularly from tobacco labels, they are effective in increasing awareness and changing behavior. what we would do in the case of

a label like this is once congress authorized such a label, that would start off a phase -- a scientific phase of testing different designs, locations for the label to ensure that it's maximally effective in increasing awareness and this is a digital warning that would appear when people use social media on a regular basis. amna: some say, saying social media is responsible for the teen mental health crisis is a lot like the folks used to say, rock music is responsible for bad teen behaviors or video games for teen violence, the moral panic argument, what do you say to that? >> certainly understand that argument but these are fundamentally different issues. what we have not seen in the case of rock music or television or radio or the telephone was something that so wholly pervaded the lives of our kids with an array of content

that is just unparalleled. so many of our children are using social media nearly constantly. if you look at the averages, you see that 4.8 hours per day is the average amount of social media use among adolescents. but we also see that what kids are being exposed to now is quite disturbing,violent and sexual content, people being bullied, harassed by strangers online. 6 in 10 young adolescent girls are saying that they have been approached by strangers on social media in ways that made them feel uncomfortable. this is fundamentally different from what other factors we have talked about. let's look at the data itself which is telling us about this association between social media use and mental health harms. nearly half of adolescents are saying themselves they are using social media -- their use of social media is impacting

their body image. a warning label as part of the. >> you wrote about the benefits of social media. you talk about how lgbtq youth or other marginalized communities can find community and connections and fight isolation online. that social media can do that. they can find mental health support, too. are you now saying that the potential bad outweighs the potential good? >> in fact, less the -- last year i wasn't saying there's a mix of benefits and harms but for many kids, the harms outweigh the benefits. lgbtq youth, for example, while we have seen thankfully that many youth have been able to find a sense of community online, in some cases they may not have been able to find in person, we also know that they are much more likely to be harassed online on social media than straight kids. we've got to take all this into account. you see that the harms are quite significant.

when it comes to medications, a product with a mix of harms and benefitss w don't say that any benefit -- benefits, we don't say that any benefits outweigh the harms. we put restrictions on it in terms of how it should be used. >> you talk about it from the parents' perspective, you're right there is no seatbelt to click, no helmet, not investigated to ensure these platforms are safe for our kids. you are also a parent, your children are on the younger end, but parents are wondering, how are you handling this in your own home? >> this is a really hard time for parents across the country. many of us are trying to figure out how to manage these technologies that we did not grow up with that are having profound impacts on the and well-being of our kids.

what really pains me is the entire burden of managing this has been placed on the shoulders of parents and their kids. that is simply not right. wait until at least after middle school to have them use social media. i will re-evaluate when they are in high school based on their maturity, the safety and whether there are safety standards in place. for parents whose kids are already on social media, what i recommend to them is to create tax-free zones in their children's life to protect sleep , and person interaction and physical activity which are vital for their development. that could look like making sure that meal when you are all together are experiences. you protect the quality and quantity of sleep. but regardless of all of these measures, what we have to do as parents is to have each other's back on this. we've got to work together,

start talking more openly about this so we don't feel the shame that so many parents feel not being able to manage this on their own. >> lets the u.s. surgeon general joining us tonight. always great to see you. thank you. >> thanks so much. good to be with you. >> last year, americans spent over $50 billion on weight loss drugs lycos and pick -- like ozempic and wegovy. ed is having effects throughout the economy. our washington post columnist has the story. reporter: at the grocery store, ms. mitchell always made a beeline to the cookies. >> biscoff would have gotten me every time. reporter: mitchell has long struggled with her weight. >> a serving size is for cookies

-- four cookies. i would not have been able to stop at four. i would have had four, and the next hour i would be healing them call me. the noise would be so loud that i would have to eat all the cookies. they just can't be there, they miss me when they are in the pantry, they need me. >> her food noise was muted thanks to a new class of drugs called glp1's such as ozempic and wegovy. they were first made to treat diabetes. after being approved for weight loss, prescriptions have urged. 1 in 8 u.s. adults has now taken these meds. the namebrand versions cost about $1000 without insurance. >> it changes the way that my brain response to the hunger and the way that my brain tells me that i am hungry, right? your stomach still rumbles a little bit but it is not a voracious monster in there that's like, feed me, seymour!

it's not that. reporter: she tried everything. >> i have tried fasting, i have tried so many different weight loss medications. two rounds of surgery, you name it, i've tried it. reporter: mitchell started wegovy last summer. . it transformed not only her shape, but her spending. how much are you saving on groceries? >> i would probably say i'm saving about $100 a month. reporter: that's not uncommon. >> is about 20% -- >> it is about a 20% decline in monthly spend on groceries for a one person household. reporter: leo feller is chief economist of the research firm, numerator. he has been following how weight loss drugs have been changing spending habits. he tracks receipts for about 18,000 households who volunteered that at least one member has taken these drugs. >> a little bit over half are using them for diabetes.

that means a little bit under half are using them for weight loss. reporter: for those taking the drugs to lose weight -- >> you see a decline in things like chips and candy and ice cream. sugary sodas. reporter: as online pharmacies make versions of these drugs more widely available, snack food makers have begun worrying about their bottom lines. walmart's u.s. ceo says shoppers are buying less food. hershey's told cnbc the firm is watching the situation. >> we are closely monitoring it, but we believe we can adapt. reporter: nestle just announced a new line of foods intended for glp1 users. >> on spirit consumption, we saw an effect and we saw an effect on wine and beer. reporter: mitchell buys

less wine and jack daniels. when was the last time you saw mr. jack? >> christmas. reporter: whereas in the before times? >> we were very well acquainted. [laughter] reporter: mitchell's obesity is now in remission. you started this journey not out of vanity, not because you were unhappy with how you looked. you did it for health reasons. >> absolutely. i don't want to be sick. both my parents had dementia and alzheimer's. i think there are seven women in my family that have been stricken with breast cancer. these are things that have a causal link to obesity. we don't know of course what is actually causing them. but the link is there. there are over 200 diseases that have been connected to obesity. reporter: jessica barfield, an obesity medicine specialist, is mitchell's doctor. >> diabetes, cardiovascular

disease, stroke, cancers -- amna: she says her overall health has improved. she no longer has diabetes for example. >> when we go the rest of my life, i can show you an entire medicine cabinet full of medications i no longer have to take. reporter: he was so struck by the data he recently began using a glp1 and has lost 25 pounds of covid weight. >> there's a long-term health benefit. my 70-year-old self will be thanking me. if people are healthier, they might live longer lives. they might have less morbidity later on. reporter: the drugs are pricey. some may have to take them for the rest of their lives. and we don't yet know all of the long-term effects. right now they don't pay for themselves. but someday they might if insurers and payers get a discount. >> have measured the additional costs against the savings you get from

reduced carta vascular outcomes. right now it looks like something like a 50% discount on the cost of the drugs, you would be saving the health care system money with these treatments. reporter: he says that drugs might have an effect on the labor force, too. >> does not affect your productivity at work. reporter: that has been true for mitchell. >> i have more energy. i picked up a summer job at the baseball field. i'm trying new things and i am enjoying it. reporter: could you have taken the summer job before this weight? >> no. i would be too tired to be quite honest. reporter: all of this affects government spending, too. but it can cut both ways. >> you might have additional years working. you also have additional years of life after you retire which means the pensions will have to pay off for a longer period. >> the drugs alone could lead

medicare spending to skyrocket as they get approved for more health issues. >> the drug is under investigation for sleep apnea. wegovy is in investigation for alzheimer's disease. assuming it gets approved, that will be another fraction of the population within medicare that would be eligible. >> so you're talking billions more on spending per year just on medicare. >> that's right. >> u.s. states and private insurers are struggling with what -- with whether to cover them >> sometimes you switch your insurance provider and it doesn't always make sense for them to pay for this treatment today because the cost savings might go to a different insurer or the medicare program. reporter: barfield season here in north carolina. the state employee health plan recently stopped covering the drugs for weight loss due to cost. >> this can be a barrier and it can be frustrating when you think it is the best treatment for a patient. reporter: another barrier?

overflowing demand for the drugs has met patients like mitchell have face shortages. >> i didn't start the medication when it was first prescribed because i could not find it at any pharmacy. reporter: even if mitchell's cutting back on groceries, she has found herself spending on other activities like horseback riding with her daughters. >> it was amazing, to be quite honest. i would've never thought to go horseback riding on the beach. reporter: because? >> 200 pounds, you don't want to hurt the horse. but these are the things that you think. i would take the girls horseback riding and would watch them. i wanted my children to have these experiences but i never thought that i would be part of the experience. this is the coolest. reporter: something you can't put a price on. ♪

>> more than 60 years after a birth control pill was developed for women, there is still no similar federally approved drug from an. -- drug for men. but a new gel for men might finally change that. reporter: while this drug is still being tested, is already generated a lot of interest. it is a clear gel that you rub on your shoulder once a day. early results show that it blocks us from production after two to three months of daily use. dr. brian wynn is associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the usc school of medicine and he was involved in this current study. thank you so much for being here. how does this gel work? what's the mechanism of action? >> thank you so much for having me. in terms of the way this works,

it is a hormonal method. to understand the system here, it works like a thermostat. always measuring how hot or cold your room or house is. in this case, the thermostat is measuring how much testosterone is in your body. if there is too much, if it is too hot, it'll send a signal and turn off here. you are turning off the testes, the production of testosterone in the body which ll also turn off the production of spring. what is nice about that is we know this factory is intact. you are just flipping some switches. when you flip the switch on, you will have reversal of the spring production and you have full production once again. >> the hormones that are applied bring spring production down to a low enough level so that a man

could not impregnate his partner? >> that's correct. the majority of men get down to zero sperm. but we know that you don't need zero to prevent pregnancy. >> you could still have a million spring per milliliter and not get someone pregnant? >> it sounds crazy to say but our threshold for a low count is about 20 million. when you consider that fact, dropping down by an order of magnitude, it reduces your risk of pregnancy. >> i know you have not published your full results yet but how promising does this look for being a legit male contraceptive? >> it's extremely promising. so glad you brought that up. we do have trials that have shown us hormonal methods are capable of preventing pregnancy. we feel confident about that.

i know you spoke with some of the participants in this trial, did they describe any side effects that you have been documenting? >> is a hormonal method. we definitely do talk about potential side effects that can be involved, weight changes, mood changes, changes in libido, up or down, acne as well. if you are experiencing these changes, the question is, how bothersome are the side effects to them? for these couples to stay in the trial for more than a year using exclusively this method on a daily basis really is the proof in the pudding that we have something here. >> why has it taken so long to get to this point? i understand studies were done initially back in the 1970's. for all of those decades, this burden has largely fallen on women. why has it taken so long for a male contraceptive? >> so many reasons.

my take of it is that there's been the stop men don't want to be involved or don't have enough knowledge about reproductive systems and the responsibility to engage in this responsibility. in the saucier, we have seen a huge uptick in media interest in male contraception. . it seems there is a shift in expectations for gender equity. >> let's say all of this goes smoothly it's, when might we see a product on the market? >> anywhere between five to 10 years is about the appropriate timeline. thanks to folks like yourself for giving us more spotlight, that might increase the demand and public awareness to drive the speed of how things go for us. >> dr. brian wynn, thank you so

much for talking with us. >> thank you so much. take care. >> from an a-list fundraiser and hollywood to a roundtable at a black church in michigan, the two leading presidential candidates were in search of campaign cash and votes this weekend. it's a perfect time for politics monday. that's amy walter of the political report with sophia chi of axios. great to see you both. president biden was in california at this fundraiser. the $30 million event with some hollywood celebrities. former president trump was in michigan trying to appeal to black voters. we have seen the recent polling he has made some inroads. numbers from june show in michigan and pennsylvania, mr. biden has seen some slip

in support down to 54% of black voters in michigan and 56% in pennsylvania. for mr. trump, 15% and 11% respectively. the numbers for biden in 2020 were over 90% among black voters. how do you look at those now? >> even though as you say, 11% and 15% does not seem significant, that is double the support he got in a state like pennsylvania where he got 7% of the black vote. this is something the biden campaign is seeing, too. there's a reason the vice president has been spending as much time as she has been at historically black colleges. the president himself has been out speaking to black voters in key swing states for months. the slippage is as much about enthusiasm as anything else. while trump has picked up

support, some are sitting on the sidelines. who are saying, maybe i'm going to vote for a third party candidate or stay home. when you talk to democratic strategists, they will tell you the real gap, those voters that are really deciding whether they are going to vote or not, third-party, may be trump overwhelmingly our younger voters. thus the generation gap one strategist said, the real significant driver right now. different than say 2020 or 2016. getting the younger voters engaged is really challenging not just because they may not be impressed with biden, they don't like trump necessarily either but they are also feeling the institution itself, the political institutions have really failed them or they don't see any reason to be involved there.

that big worry, if you're the democrats, you have to count on those voters showing up. >> to that point, it's not like they are going to mr. trump. he's likely not going to win that vote with these kinds of numbers. but for him, what is the strategy here? >> it's a good question. i think it is twofold. on the one hand, the trump campaign knows they are not going to win 20% to 30% as they are saying publicly. it's just nonsense. even if they get 1% to 2% more than the 9% they got last time in the swing state cities like detroit and atlanta, that's within a margin that that could move enough voters. it could change the result of the election in those states. that's their objective,

to get the marginal votes and to force the biden campaign to spend more resources, sho ring up biden's coalition of minority voters. >> there are some key primaries in virginia tomorrow that i want to ask you both about. the retirement of two key democrats. but there's a lot of focus on this one race of the republican house freedom caucus chair who was facing a tough challenge. tell us more about the gop endorsement strategy. why is this a race you are watching? >> it's not about ideology or policy but about revenge. the revenge is on the part of donald trump as well as kevin mccarthy who was the former speaker of course.

they both want to exact the price for that. donald trump, the way bob good , cross of donald trump, he endorsed ron desantis in the presidential race. when desantis dropped out, he went and endorsed donald trump, doesn't matter. you have crossed him and you will pay a price. there are members of the right who are coming to bob good's defense. it is not that clean of a separation. but it tells you a lot about fealty to donald trump and what donald trump's decision to go in after this one house member. is not going to make any different in terms of the makeup of congress. it is just sending a message to other republicans that there is a price to pay for being

disloyal. >> i know you have been looking closely at home mr. trump chooses to endorse and when, what should we understand about the strategy? >> this cycle more so than 2022, the trump campaign itself has been more cautious in terms of who they endorse and when. i have been waiting longer to endorse and competitive republican primaries. for instance in montana he waited to endorse tim over a more conservative, more maga candidate, rosendale and nevada, brown over jeffrey gunter, his own ambassador to iceland, these are some examples of trump picking better candidates who have military backgrounds and a better chance of winning. for trump, he likes to win. that's ultimately what it comes down to. we see him endorsing the date

before some of these primaries. that doesn't really give these candidates a lot of room to really flaunt that endorsement. >> how does governor hogan fit into all of this? trump campaign manager says the campaign is over one former marilyn governor hogan said respective ruling in new york. but now mr. trump has come forward and endorsed him on his senate run, how does that make sense? >> because he wants to be a team player. a lot of folks saw the backhanded situation and thought, he wants to be a team player. i just i don't think it is going to be a reality. at the end of the day, the party is in trump's image and that is the way donald trump would like it to remain. >> amy walter and sophia,, great

to see you both. thank you so much. ♪ amna: in 2021, an affluent suburban school district in texas gained national attention when parents and local conservative activists accused the district of indoctrinating students with critical race theory. that drew the interest of republican figures across the country and sparked a christian movement beyond the districts borders to restrict what children are being taught in schools. reporter: mike has been at the forefront of covering the events in southlake texas. what started as an earnest effort by the carroll independent school district, it evolved into a battle about much more. conservative parents and activists turned the district

cultural competence plan into a fight over protecting their traditional way of life. the result? books and classroom discussion about race, slavery and sexual orientation were effectively banned by this book. in his book, they came further schools released in may. he details how the school district became a blueprint for republicans across the country and exposed their ambitions which go well beyond controlling what version of american history makes it into high school textbooks. i am joined by the author and senior investigative reporter for nbc news. mike, thank you so much for joining us. when you started investigating, you discovered there were a number of racist incidents at the schools in southlake, some that go back decades but in particular in 2018 when a video of white students saying the n-word viral, and the district, section, what exactly was their plan in response to that? >> after the video came out, this is the parents came forward and said it's not just a video but my blood child experience

these kind of racist slurs and jokes in the school for decades. and the district put together a committee and they formed -- they put together a plan called the cultural competence action plan. the plan essentially called for diversity training for students and teachers, initiatives to try to try to hire more diverse teaching staff. a plan to go through the curriculum to make sure that kids were learning and honest and full picture of america's history. but the plan was released as i said in 2020, in the midst of that reckoning in the backlash against the black lives matter movement, and so when it was released into the community, some conservatives who i guess hadn't been paying attention to the two years of of work on the plan, they saw it as this plan that was being shepherded in by the radical left to try to ruin this affluent, successful school district. >> and in response, a local

conservative group, the south lake families pack, said that they rallied what they called an army to their cause. how did they convince the community essentially to turn on school board leaders, teachers that many of these people had known for years? >> it was remarkable to watch because the people who were advancing this cultural competence action plan, many, many of were themselves conservatives republicans, but the south lake family pack painted anyone who was pushing this plan as a radical leftist and as a marxist, and it was around the same time that critical race theory was entering the national conversation. this this phrase that chris ruffo used to try to describe any attempt to address discrimination in scols and in other places, it became a battle between adults over who was welcome in southlake, whose ideas were welcome there and that fight ended up spreading all over the country. >> chris ruffo, the national conservative activist figure, what role did he play in taking south lake and spreading it elsewhere and making it a national cause?

>> after south lake family pack got organized, they put together a slate of conservative school board candidates whose mission was to destroy defeat that diversity plan. the south lake family pack candidates won in a landslide election in may of 21 and chris -- of 2021 and chris ruffo after that was one of many conservative voices who then held up the election in south lake as a model to be copied in schools all over the country. >> you say that the end goals were bigger than even just teachings about history, stretching all the way to making schools more explicitly, christian. what is the end goal here? and where are we seeing it in other places? >> there are elements of the christian right in america that have long argued that the separation of church and state is a myth that our country began to decline in the 19 sixties, -- in the 1960's, when prayer and mandatory bible readings were removed from schools and they have seized on this moment to say parents are upset about

schools. this is our chance to try to chip away at those foundational principles. and so, you're seeing in texas and all over the country moves to, in this moment, not just remove lgbtq content from schools or to ban how restrict how teachers talk about race and racism, but to replace those things with question symbols. -- with christian symbols. there's bills to mandate the 10 commandments behind in every classroom, to put christian chaplains in schools to replace counselors and therapists, and to bring the bible back into school and and have kids read from that as part of their social studies curriculum, and so they are counting on lawsuits. some activists have said explicitly that, you know, told school districts or school board members, hey, if you bring prayer back to school,opefully someone will sue you. we can take that to the supreme court and we can win this for america. >> more than three years into this. what does the resistance

movement look like outside of southlake in the other communities that are facing book bans and having difficulty when it comes to being able to teach history? >> we've seen now all over the country in kind of purple -- or left leaning suburbs, coalitions of progressive and moderate, moderately conservative parents banding together forming their own political action committees and running their own slate of candidates. we are seeing that in different places across the country where moms for liberty is not winning in a lot of places. their ideas are not necessarily broadly popular even among a lot of conservators -- a lot of conservatives. we have seen a wave of victories for the other side. >> based on all of your reporting in south lake and the larger movement to revise american history, what do you think is at stake this election cycle? >> i think about stories like a teacher i highlight in the book named christina mcgurk, a fourth

grade teacher who got into education because she wanted to live out her own christian faith by showing kindness to kids and and teaching them a real accounting of america and how to be kind to each other. but as a result of her speaking out about these issues, she was forced out of her job and we're seeing that repeated all over the country. teachers are weighing whether or not they're going to stay in the classroom, and at the same time families are looking at what's happening and wondering, do i want to keep sending my kid to this school? do i wanna still live in this community? and as a result, people's lives are literally being upended. >> mike hixenbaugh of nbc news. thank you. >> thank you. ♪ amna: that is the newshour for tonight. i'm amna nawaz. on behalf of the team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by --

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