>> good evening. i'm armed in the vase. >> i'm geoff bennett. president biden signs in action predicting -- protecting undocumented spouses and the children of u.s. citizens. >> the outgoing ceo of boeing

grilled over the company's workple culture and safety record. >> dr. anthony found she discusses his new memoir chronicling a six decade career in public health from the aids crisis to covid and more. >> if ever there was a time when you didn't want to have a public health crisis was at a time of profound divisiveness within our country. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by. ♪ >> the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. and friends of the newshour. including kathy and paul anderson and camila and george smith. >> cunard is a proud supporter

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this program was made possible by the corporation of public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ >> welcome to the newshour. president biden today unveiled an executive action that offers deportation protections to undocumented spouses and children of u.s. citizens. the newshour first reported last week the white house was expected to make the announcement. at a white house event marking the 12th anniversary of daca, the obama era action that protects young undocumented immigrants, president biden laid out his plans. >> for those wives or husbands and their children who have lived in america for decades but are undocumented, this will allow them to file the paperwork for legal status in the united states, allowing them to work while they remain with their families in the united states. let's be clear, this action

still requires undocumented spouses to file all required legal paperwork to remain in the u.s. requires to pass criminal background checks. it doesn't apply to anyone trying to come here today. >> the move comes after president biden implement today crackdown on migrants seeking asylum one border encounters cross a certain threshold. our white house correspondent has been covering this and joins me now. you first broke the news that this executive action was coming. it is now here. tell us more about what this does for undocumented people in the u.s. >> president biden said ultimately it is about keeping families together. it is the biggest relief action by a president since the daca program from 2012. this uses a process called parole in place. here is what key parts of the executive action do. it provides deportation protections for undocumented spouses and their children. it allows those undocumented

spouses to obtain work permits. they can then apply for permanent resident status without leaving the u.s. it also eases work visa processes for daca recipients and dreamers. the crucial part is previously, these undocumented spouses would have had to leave the country to obtain u.s. citizenship. and for a lengthy amount of time, as much as 10 years, separating themselves from their family. now they can stay in the u.s. and legally work as they go on that process to legal citizenship. >> the president announced eligibility requirements. who exactly is eligible for these protections? >> when it comes to undocumented spouses, they will be eligible if they meet the following requirements. if they lived in the u.s. for at least 10 years, if they are legally married by june 17, 2024, and they have three years to apply for that residency. when it comes to the dreamers, they are eligible if they burned

a degree from an accredited university and a high skilled job offer in a field aligned with their degree. some of the u.s. citizens i spoke to who have spouses who are undocumented don't think that their spouses are going to be eligible. a white house official said some undocumented spouses will not be eligible if that spouse was deported even once. so they may have been living in the u.s. for 10 years, but if they were deported once and returned, they will not be eligible for this relief. >> given those requirements, do we have an idea how many people could be impacted by this executive action? >> we do. the white house gave estimates for who would be affected. for the number of eligible affected, 500,000 undocumented spouses could be eligible for this benefit. 50,000 children under the age of 21 whose parent married a u.s. citizen. and 90,000 dreamers could receive this benefit.

that is according to immigrant advocates estimates. the white house did not provide estimates on how many dreamers could be affected. it is important to understand this does not immediately grant citizenship for these undocumented spouses. it can still take up to about five years for them to get citizenship. i an undocumented lawyer. he has been living in the u.s. for more than 20 years. married with a young son. he would be eligible for this undocumented spouses benefit. he said when he found that out, his family, his wife, and his mother screamed with joy. >> the undocumenteds has been challenging. it has taken a toll on my family members that are u.s. citizens. my mom, my wife, my son who is young. i would not be able to watch him grow and take his first steps. i would not have seen graduate from high school. like any parents wishes. this announcement will take a

huge weight off my shoulders for me to be able to adjust my status without facing the 10 year bar if i leave the country. >> today he told me today's announcement was an answer to prayer. >> i know you have been talking to sources, what has been the response of far? >> the administration expects legal challenges. they think they are on strong legal footing. i spoke with an immigration lawyer for the american civil liberties union. he praised the actions of the administration, saying there has been too much demonization of immigrants. its ph of suing thelstic adminiration w is to that other big -- that other actionrestricted aseeke. the republican response has been very swift. donal' campaig was quic c this an amnesty program and issued a statement that said "biden only cares

about one thing, power. amnesty and citizenship toas hundrends of illegals who he knows will ultimately vote for him i the open border democrat party." trump's campaign is repeating essentially a lie that t undocumented immigrants are going to be able to vote by this possle, as i laid out before. >> immigration and related issues are a top issue for americans this election year. what could this mean for president biden politically? >> immigration has been a balancing act. on one hand, he issued the executive action that severely restricted asylum at the border. two weeks later, issued this executive action that is being widely praised by democrats within his own party. despite the fact even our own polling with npr shows the majority of americans think that donald trump would be better at

ham -- handling immigration. there is some polling from latino pollsters that shows latino voters in battleground states like arizona and nevada, when they were told about this potential action for undocumented spouses biden could take, they moved towards biden by nine points. ultimately, this is something democrats across the board seem to think could be a political move for psidentiden come november. >> lorber own lopez, first to break the news. continuing to report on it today. thank you. ♪ >> in the days other headlines. israeli prime minister bennett netanyahu claims he was told the u.s. is seeking to restrict -- lift restrictions on certain arms deliveries to israel. the prime minister said the u.s. has been withholding weapons

shipments for months. but he said the secretary of state assured him last week the biden administration is working to remove what he called bottlenecks in the deliveries. during a press conference with the nato secretary-general, he would not confirm whether he made those remarks and said only one shipment has been withheld. >> as you know, we are continuing to review one shipment that president biden has talked about with regard to 2000 pound bombs. everything else is moving as it normally would. with the perspective of making sure israel has what it needs to defend itself against this multiplicity of challenges. >> the shipment was held back in may on concerns large bombs would be used on densely populated areas in gaza. at the same press conference, the nato secretary-general expressed concern over growing military ties between russia and north korea.

he pointed' to moscows support for their nuclear with some programs. -- missile programs. he was greeted at the airport by north korean leader kim jong-un. they are said to hold a round of talks on wednesday. modems from around the world have been wrapping up the annual pilgrimage in saudi arabia, which was marked by deadly heat. saudi officials say temperatures hit 118 degrees in mecca. dozens have reportedly died of sunstroke during the pilgrimage, including at least 41 people from jordan. throngs of people gathered to participate in closing rituals. more than 1.8 million people performed this year, according to saudi officials. tens of millions across the u.s. are under extreme heat alerts. the national weather service says conditions will affect areas from iowa to maine until at least friday. chicago broke a heat record

dating from the 1950's to start the week. temperatures will stay close to 100 degrees in the days ahead. in new york, governor kathy hochul activated the national guard. >> this is going to be one for the ages. think about the fact that place is normally present this time of year are going to have an excess of 106 degrees on their skin and how it feels. >> in the west, firefighters are battling multiple blazes, including this one in colusa county, california. in new mexico, thousands fled from wildfires. the governodeared a state of emergency after more than 500 structures were damaged. that is as the first potential tropical storm of the season is expected to make landfall near texas by wednesday. with heavy rain and potential flooding. former president trump will stay under a gag order in his criminal hush money case following his felony conviction last month.

the new york court of appeals declined to hear an appeal saying no substantial constitutional questions is directly involved. a judge in the case imposed a gag order in march before the trial started. mr. trump was found in contempt of court for riling the order and was threatened with jail time. a campaign spokesperson said his legal team will continue to fight the order, calling it unconstitutional. los angeles schools will ban smartphones in a push to remove descriptions -- distractions and the negative impact of social media. with 429 thousand students, l.a. is the second-largest system in the country and the biggest to take such a step. officials have 120 days to work out the details, including whether phones can be kept in lockers and exemptions will be made for certain students her age groups. the policy is set to take effect in january 2025. on wall street, stocks entire as nvidia became the world's most valuable public company copping

microsoft. the dow jones industrial average added 56 points, creeping closer toward the 39,000 level. the nasdaq notched another new record, adding five points. the s&p 500 ended at a new high. the un security council demands sudan's paramilitary force halt its siege of a city that threatens the safety of more than one million people. less than five months to the presidential election. we look at the results of the latest pbs news npr marist poll. a new investigation shows how some universities profit from land taken from indigenous people. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. >> outgoing boeing ceo david calhoun faced tough questioning on capitol hill as lawmakers raised concerns about the company's safety culture and quality control practices.

he spoke to congress for the first time since january when the door plug panel of an alaska airlines 737 max 9 blew out mid fight -- midflight. our aviation correspondent has been watching all of this and joins us now. fill us in on the basics of what calhoun came to do and say today. what was he trying to accomplish? >> dave calhoun probably knew, as most everybody did, he was not going to score a win today. a lot of this was about the tone and tenor, and how he characterized the overall situation. he began with an act of contrition. he turned his back to the committee and faced several family members of those who lost their lives in those two 737 max crashes. he turned around and told the committee boeing is doing better. >> much has been said about

boeing's culture. we heard this concerns loud and clear. our culture is far from perfect. but we are taking action and we are making progress. we understand the gravity and we are committed to moving forward with transparency and accountability. >> he spoke broadly about boeing doing better. he said the company is -- safety in the workforce, revamping its engineering. and most important, repeated it several times, the company is set to require spirit aerosystems, now a subsidiary but was once part of boeing, which builds this -- 737 fuselages. none of it did much to resonate with the committee. it did not do much for those families who were in the gallery listening to the hearing before the hearing began, they held a news conference.

there was a lot of anger. >> strengthening the safety of the flying public is important. but there needs to be criminal charges for the people at the top, the people in the drivers seat responsible for 346 deaths, including that of my sister and every single phase that you see here. >> my question to congress today is why pay attention now? why not for the last five years that we have continually fought? we have been a muffled scream that no one has been paying attention to. >> when the victim's family members speak of criminal charges, what exactly are they talking about? how would that work? >> these criminal charges evolved from those two crashes. the conspiracy to defraud the federal aviation administration. boeing cut a deal with the department of justice, and for a period of time of an amnesty

call to clean up its act. the department of justice is indicating it has not lived up to its bargain. boeing says it has. >> you have lawmakers on the panel, democrat and republican, who say they are troubled by what they see as a continuing pattern of problems. tell us about that. >> it was really bipartisan, and the criticism he received. let's hear from maggie hassan of new hampshire. >> i hear you talking about it. but we get to how is it you had a 2020 failure, 2024 failure, the failures i just read about, you talk about safety and culture, but you aren't answering the question about the root causes. >> when she speaks of root causes, what -- who is she addressing directly? >> that allegations from the

committee and elsewhere are that in boeing's pursuit of competition with airbus, that the company sacrificed safety for prophets, that it cut a lot of corners. republican senator josh hawley of missouri leaned into calhoun on top of that. specifically pointing out he's $33 million -- his $33 million salary. >> you are focused on exactly what you were hired to do, cutting corners. you are eliminating safety procedures. you are sticking it to your employees. you are cutting back jobs. because you are trying to squeeze every piece of profit you can out of this company. you are stripmining it. i don't think the problem is with the employees. i think the problem is with you. you. the c suite, the management, what you have done to this company. that is what the problem is. the problem is at the top. >> he asked calhoun why he has

an outright resigned from his job. calhoun said he was very proud of his tenure, proud of the safety record of boeing, and he says he was proud of every action they have taken. there was skepticism among senator holly when that statement came across. calhoun is leaving his job as ceo of boeing at the end of the year. >> what comes next for this company? >> it is not an easy path. we don't know who is going to succeed calhoun in that position. an many of the problems which have been laid out there will take quite some time to improve. it is difficult to change the culture of a giant corporation such as boeing. this is a company that had a culture for many years built around a core of engineering where safety was first.

somehow it has lost its way. turning that around will not be easy. >> dave calhoun stays on the job through the end of the year, is boeing or anyone else, aviation observers, do they have their eyes on somebody who can succeed him? >> no names have surfaced. it is interesting to think about as well, could there be a competitor that emerges from this duopoly of airbus and boeing? it seems there is an opportunity for another corporation to step in and build large airliners. perhaps in brazil. the chinese are building airliners. there is a huge opportunity for them on the world stage to step into the gap. whether the airliners would be approved to fly in the u.s. is an open question. it is a very dynamic situation marching forward.

there may be an opportunity for another company to step in and meet demand. >> that is our aviation correspondent. thank you. >> today in the un security council, the u.s. said famine has "likely descended in sudan." and indiscriminate attacks must stop. it was home to more than 800,000 internally displaced people for it came under siege by rebel paramilitaries. already, sudan was home to the world's largest displacement and hunger crises. as nick schifrin reports, it has become a symbol of the country's suffering.

>> in sudan's north, was once a sanctuary is now under seizure. the road through sudan's last major city has not fallen is a battleground. targeted by the rebel paramilitaries rapid support forces who have been accused of ethnic cleansing. on the others, sudan's armed forces accused of war crimes for bombing villages. the fight tightens the noose around the most vulnerable. it was home to one of sudan's final safe havens. today, the largest group of the display start threat again. >> approximately one month of fighting, we have seen absolute catastrophe. >> nathaniel raymond is director of the humanitarian research lab at the yale school of public health. his team documents were crimes evidence through videos, aurburn size -- aurburn source data. he says it is dying. >> in 19 date period, over 200

s recorded.elds worth of damage i can't overemphasize for those watching this broadcast the speed of destruction by fighters on the ground is almost unparalleled. >> satellite images show dozens of images on the outskirts burned. refugee camps devastate. the sole hospital that could perform surgeries has been looted and shut down. the main targets are non-arabs, as they were during the genocide in the 90's i the rapid support forces precursor. >> rapid support forces are already engaged in ethnically targeted attacks. if the rapid support forces capture al foster, they will be able to make door for their home base of operations to fight for

control of sudan for years to come. >> 430 days into this conflict, the level of human suffering in sudan is intolerable. >> the security council of the u.n. warmed -- warned to million sudanese are slipping into catastrophic hunger. >> every day that we wait for funding to come, more lives are at risk. >> outside countries have ignored u.s. and u.n. demands and send both sides weapons. >> without these foreign backers, the war would have ended quickly. the war is now into its second year because of arms shipments from multiple outside actors. >> last week, the security council passed a resolution demanding the end of the seizure , because none countries to end embargoes and not feel the country by providing weapons. but the resolution has no enforcement mechanism.

we now turn to the president of the sudanese american physicians association who just left sudan last week and joins us from cairo. welcome back to the newshour. what did you see when you were there? how dire is the humanitarian crisis? >> i visited a hospital where patients with children with malnutrition are being treated. i saw three children sharing a bed. they are skin and bone, there a testament to the acute hunger sudan faces now. i also witnessed the extreme limit of resources hospitals suffer from. almost 60% of sudan hospitals are nonoperational at the moment. >> what you are highlighting are two aspects. both the hunger and also the

inability for doctors and hospitals to provide the medicine needed. each of those cases we talked about when you were on the broadcast last year, has it gotten much worse? >> i think it has. make no mistake, this is a man-made crisis. this is not a usual natural disaster. this is a decision by the sudanese armed forces -- >> the rebel paramilitary group. >> this is my second time since the war opted. the worsening of the humanitarian crisis, and also i could witness the extreme sense of lawlessness. one of the things i witnessed is a lot of civilians are clashing -- there was a sense there is still some sort of order last year. of an army being strong and able to control things.

i have lost that sense when i visited last week. >> one of the hotspots we have highlighted today is our foster and dark for. what is the impact there is only one health care facility available? >> it is clearly a complete disaster for a simple reason. this is a war zone. there is indiscriminate bombing both by saf and the rsf. there is great need for hospital services, let alone the other normal, ordinary diseases the population would have. it has been a safe haven for hundreds of thousands who fled rsf. the worry is if the rsf were to take the city, there would be an ethnic cleansing, or widespread violence and massacres happening. that is why they are particularly worried. the lack of health services there is even more worrying. especially when we may be faced

with a crisis soon. >> how much has this war been defined by gender-based violence? >> sudan has none gender-based violence, but the scale of the gender based violence in this war has been unprecedented. one of the brutal aspects of the war is the amount of women, young girls in some cases, that were raped. i heard horrible stories from physicians who have treated rape victims. talking about victims who are 16 years old, 15 years old. it is now something that is very routine when they take over a place that mothers and elderly try to hide their younger sisters and daughters. clearly the majority of reported cases by credible sources and certainly from talking to physicians, most of the cases have been committed by rsf. >> the president of the sudanese

american physicians association, thank you very much. ♪ >> the race for the white house remains in a dead heat with months to go before election day. joining me now is lisa desjardins to look at the latest pbs news npr marist poles. we are just about a week away from the first presidential debate. about a month from the first convention. what do the polls show us? >> a word about polling. i know it is not everyone's favorite topic. we are not saying these numbers are definitive, not to be looked at in absolute terms. they are to give context and we give context to them. first, the topline number. where are we according to this survey with mpr?

4949. if the election was held today. let's look at how the number tracks with the last year or so. it has been within the margin of error, essentially a cyst is -- statistical dead heat for over a year. which is rather extraordinary. this is either a partisan divide, there are republicans, more for trump, democrats. independents remain a key question. otherwise, the electorate is barely moving. >> striking to see how the numbers have not changed. why are voters so locked in? >> in a few words, they are unhappy, discontented, on the way to being miserable. you can see that in our polling. we asked if they are satisfied with the major party candidates. 42% said they are satisfied. 55% said they are unsatisfied.

take that data a little bit deeply, you see in general that republicans are little more satisfied than democrats. but if you look at independents, 70% are unsatisfied with both candidates on the ballot. we are doing a project where we are calling voters who told us they are unhappy. we asked people to respond in our newsletter. i have spent the day talking to voters who feel this way. i spoke to a republican in pennsylvania, a former military colonel who is frustrated, is ticked off. i spoke to a mother in wisconsin who is frightened. a 24-year-old in north carolina just beginning her political life, she told me she's jaded. >> people are clearly disillusioned with the candidates. what about on the issues? >> this is the golden question that campaigns want to pay most

attention to. what is going to work with voters, what do they care about? these were the top three issues we saw. preserving democracy, the top issue. inflation, 29 percent. immigration, 19%. those were very close essentially. let's look at the numbers in february. preserving democracy was also number one with 31%. i want to call everyone's attention especially to the inflation number. that is a big change. preserving democracy is where it has been for a while. the concern about inflation has jumped up six points. that is above the margin of error. that is to indicate rising concern about inflation. the economy, and jobs, but it is not that right now. it is inflation. we have talked about it on air, in general in the u.s., inflation has been going down.

the fed still has some concerns. but we are down from the record inflation we saw last year and the year before. voters are feeling it. they are still concerned about inflation where they live. >> even as inflation does start to cool over time. let's talk about how those issues are showing up on the campaign trail. we know former president trump was in wisconsin at a rally. are you seeing these kind of issues make their way into the message the candidates are delivering? >> i like this idea. look at the debate and the candidates in terms of the knowledge and what orders are saying. the former president was in wisconsin, one of the key swing states in the election. 10 electoral votes up for grabs. he was talking about the economy. >> bidens inflation price hikes, and energy destruction. the average american family, an astonishing $28,000. and on day one of my new

administration, we will throw out biden mix and replace it with maganomics. >> maganomics. it is all about the nomics. what is interesting is biden says bidenomics has helped wisconsin much more. this is the exact area where president trump he was president promised thousands of jobs through foxconn development. it did not come through, his pledge was not made. it was over 1000 jobs that came in. the development was sold, being redeveloped by microsoft, which biden said he helped bring. i want to remind folks this is what president biden said about this in wisconsin in may. >> you came here for senator ron johnson holding a golden shovel, promising to build the eighth wonder of the world. are you kidding me? look what happened.

they dug a hole. with those golden shovels. then they fell into it. >> this is the economy that we see at the top issue and biden saying i have been better for this state than former president trump. when you look at the details, biden says he's bringing about 4300 jobs per minute and terror -- temporary. wisconsin is setting record for job growth. inflation is dn, 2.7% in the midwest. this is a place doing better on all economic indicators. as i talked to voters from wisconsin, they are feeling the pinch when it comes to housing. when they look at their groceries, perhaps comparing it to four years ago. better over last year, but they still think it is offkilter from what they can afford. >> a look at where we are in the race for the white house, thank you. ♪

>> dr. anthony fauci is arguably the world's most famous doctor. best for guiding the country through the covid-19 pandemic. he's also faced right-wing criticism for his assessments and recommendations throughout that period. including some difficult clashes with former president trump. now after a nearly six decade journey, he reflex on his expansive career in a memoir. on-call, a doctors journey in public service. i sat down with dr. fauci last week. here's the first part of our interview. dr. fauci, welcome back to the newshour. >> good to be here. >> let's start our conversation where you start the book. your broken upbringing -- your brooklyn upbringing. your dad was a pharmacist who bought a drugstore. you wrote in the book over the years his pharmacy became a combination doctors office,

pharmacy, and psychiatrist couch. he cared for people and about people. how much did it influence your career choice? >> i think that was foundational in my career. ever since i was a child, nine years old, in the drugstore delivering prescriptions with my father. the thing that came through with him is at that time, as i mentioned in the book, it was kind of a core part of the neighborhood where people would come for marriage counseling, children that are in trouble, they would want to go to the doctor, should they go to a physician or not? he really cared for the people in the neighborhood. i had that kind of dna of caring for people. it was compounded when i went in my further education of caring for people. it had a major impact in my wanting to go to madison. >> much of them memoir focuses in the early 1980's leading the

response to the hiv and aids epidemic. i do not realize until you wrote about it about the ways in which you were heavily criticized. in large part because activists at the time held you responsible for what they saw as the government's slow response to that crisis. how searing of an experience was it, and what did you learn from it? >> it was an enlightening experience because activists were right. the rigidity of the scientific approach, clinical trials process of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the clinical trial the understandable rigidity of the regulatory process taking so long to get an intervention approved, it worked really well for decades for diseases that were not the way hiv-aids was, which was a group of predominantly young gay men who had a disease or at risk for disease that was killing all of

their friends in a period of 10 months to 12 months from the time they developed symptoms. they wanted a seat at the table. they wanted to say we want input into the design of the trials so we can have greater access. and we don't want to wait several years for a drug to get approved. understandably, but unacceptably the scientificommunity and the regulatory community justd we know best for you, we are the scientists with the experience. they kept on saying no, we want a seat at the table. when we did not listen, they started becoming the iconic sruptive and confrontation. as john lewis used to say, there is trouble and there is good trouble. they were making good trouble in the field of health and wanting to have a seat at the t. one of the best things i think put asidehe theatrics and listen to what they were saying.

what they were saying made absolutely perfect sense. i remember saying to myself if i were in their shoes, i would be doing exactly wt they were doing. >> whenou described the experience as enlightening, how would you inform your approach to other epidemics? >> listen to the patients and don't think that everything comes fromhe top down. listen to the community and what they are experiencing. you going to make a much better and more appropriate response to whatever the disease challenge is. that was a lesson that was very well learned from the activists. >> over your career, you confronted a long procession of epidemics. hiv, sars, avian flu, ebola. drawing on the wealth of experience and post-pandemic hindsight, do you have any fresh insights as to why the u.s. was so unprepared for covid-19? >> yeah -- there is

preparedness and response at a scientific level and public-health level. from a scientific preparedness and response, we get an a plus. the work we did in investing in basic clinical research for decades before covid and the work we did in all of the things that were medical and scientific allowed us to do sethat was completely unprecedented in collaboration with the pharmaceutical companies, to develop a vaccine from the time the pathogen was identified to the time you were having aand eo the arms of people, which was lifesaving, was less than a year. completely unprecedented. what was not so goodas the where we had let our local. public health system and the interaction between the local public health and the cdc and the federal response, it wasn't always connected as well as it should have been.

and also, i think it is important to say, if ever there was a time when you didn't want to have a public health crisis was at a time of profound divisiveness within our country. where you were having people making decisions about health based on politic ideologies. that was the worst possible circumstance. >>s thera way to insulate public messa a a publi he response from liti? >> would hope there would be. it would have been really nice if we had a uniform message, masks work, use them. vaccines are good and save lives, let's do it. but there was a lot of ideological stuff that got mixed up in there. >> most of the country knows you based on their experience with the pandemic and seeing you with

the white house press briefings. in some cases, you had to correct the informa put out by the white house and the president himself. how did you navigate that? >>was not comfortable. i had to make a decisionhe saw things being said that were clearly untrue, like it is going to go away like magic, or this drug would have you work. so i said i have a responsibility to preserve my own personal integrity. i have a responsibility to the american public. i felt very strongly as a scientist and public health person, i have a responsibility to give the correct information. it was very tough because i have a great deal of respect for the presidency of the united states. the office of the presidency. i had no antipathy towards president trump, but what he was saying, i had to when asked saying it will not disappear

like magic. hydroxychloroquine not only doesn't work, but it could harm you. and that set up a lot of blowback to me from the white house and the white house staff. >> you right about that in the book, the ways you were undermined and attacked by top a's to then president trump to include peter navarro who is in prison on contempt of congress charge. what effect did that have on your ability to effectively communicate public-health messaging during a pandemic? >> it interfered because at times i did not want to -- i el liki can communicate to get ouand continue to tell them what they knew to keep safe, what they must do to keep safe as things were going on in the epidemic. then there was a time where i got cut off. you cannot just go on pbs or any of the major networks or cable withouterssn from the people in the communications department.

they got upset with me because what i was saying was contradictory to the message the white house wanted to geout, that i got cut off. very difficult through the easy way to get to the public through the media. they did not cut me off completely, i can talk to the press or the lesser of the communications. but the big players would not let me on anymore. >> tomorrow night, part two of our interview with anthony fauci. more about his relationship with donald trump, the threat he's faced, and how he views his legacy. ♪ >> there is a new spotlight on some universities and whether they should be helping native american students more than they are now. that follows a new investigation

that found some schools have long profited from land essentially taken from native american tribes at least industries like oil and gas. stephanie sy takes a look at the impact of this legacy on native american students as part of our series rethinking college. >> 19-year-old alina sierra hoped to attend university of arizona. her elders, including her beloved grandfather, knowledge was power. an education could never be stolen. >> before he passed away, he made me promise you are going to continue education. i said i promise. ever since, school was always like i'm going to get a degree and do it for him. >> soon after she began attending the tucson based college, the bills started coming due. >> i ended up getting really nervous and started freaking out with how to pay for it. >> she had gotten a pell grant and u of a awarded her native scholars grant which ensures mandatory fees and tuition are

covered for the state's native undergraduate students. she says her meal plans were not covered, nor was transportation or housing. she had an hour long bus commute to campus and initially struggled to get internet access. >> there is barrier after barrier. i ended up going on academic probation because of everything i was going through. i cannot really focus on school. it was really hard. >> she eventually dropped out. u of a officials did not respond to request for comment to this story. but felicia tag among gaskin is a graduate student who runs a program for native students. she said the university has not done enough. >> unfortunately, a lot of what we do around representation is performative. we are great at renaming buildings with native language or providing big events like

land acknowledgement football games, for example. but when you peel back all of those external players for publicity, you look at each individual story and say where is the support for these students? where are they supposed to go? >> the layers were peeled back four years ago when high country news published a bombshell investigation about what it called landgrab universities. the report laid out that expropriating indigenous land is the foundation of the land-grant university system. and 10.7 million acres were taken from nearly 250 tribes. the land-grant university system was established under the moral act and signed into law by president abraham lincoln. the act enabled states to establish public colleges through the development or sale of lands granted to them by the federal government. 14 universities continued to generate revenues from land retained under the moral act.

most of them offer funding for native american undergraduates, including free tuition. but it may not be enough. the majority of native students have reported running out of money while attending college. >> where are the native students and are they getting supported? universities are receiving millions in the billions of dollars of revenue yearly. and how much of that support is given to the native people, the first peoples of this place and the peoples the institutions are benefiting from? >> amanda teaches about issues and indigenous higher education at arizona state university. >> since the great recession, native student enrollment has drastically decreased by 40%. that is 15 years of ongoing decrease of college enrollment of our native peoples. that scares me. >> washington state university is another land-grant institution. native students make up a minute percentage of the student population.

vice provost zoe hives equal strong is trying to change that. >> they need the home away from home coming from campus. some call it res away from res. it is important they see native faculty and staff and that they have food supports and supports for fees and things they wrestle with. some students dropped out for a simple $200 fee. >> what do you personally feel is owed to native prospective students at wsu? >> tuition. coming into our institution without cost, and getting the adequate support for recruitment retention. >> calls for reparations have recently been renewed with a new analysis revealing universities that retain their land-grant rights are profiting from leasing land for oil and gas extraction. logging, mining, and fracking.

she was one of the investigation's co-authors. >> the receipts are adding up more and more. >> between 2018 and 2022, the lands generated almost $6.7 billion. the university of arizona received $7.7 million from these leases in 2022 alone. maria per also rose is an -- a data analyst at risk. >> not only were they robbed of that land, they were prevented from having any access to whatever kind of revenue can be generated because they no longer have claim on those lands. >> the loss of land means lack of generational wealth, preventing native communities from not only thriving, but surviving. >> isn't all of the united states previously tribal land? >> all land of this nationstate is tribal nation. but people are not acknowledging that or recognizing the ongoing ways those policies continue to

maintain natives to a status quo of being not provided the support and services they need for us to survive. >> the university of arizona is literally built on the land of ileana sierra's ancestors. land she considers stolen. >> they are taking advantage of. i feel especially natives, they should get free education no matter what. because it is on their land. >> sce the publication of the article, her debt was forgiven by the u of a and a private owner paid off the remainder of her loans. she's now enrolled at -- community college. a nearby tribal college that actually free. she hopes to one day complete her four year degree. for the pbs newshour, stephanie sy in tucson, arizona.

>> and there is much more online right now. including a look at a new bump in teacher pay in missouri and why advocates are worried about how the raise will be funded. that is on pbs.org/newshour. >> that is the newshour for tonight. >> for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you for spending part of your evening with us. > major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by. >> consumer cellular. how may i help you? this is a pocket dial. somebody's pocket that i would let you know with consumer cellular, you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that is kind of our thing. have a nice day. ♪

>> moving our economy for 160 years. the engine that connects us. ♪ >> carnegie corporation of new york, working to reduce polarization through philanthropic support for education, democracy, and peace. more information at carnegie.org. and with ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪

♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour and company." here's what's coming up. prime ministeranya disbands his war cabin amid fears of a full-blown new front with lebanon. the new labor party leader, former idf