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geoff: doctor anthony touchy chronicles a six-decade career in public health from the aids crisis to covid and more. >> if ever there was a time when you didn't want to have a public health crisis was at a time of profound divisiveness within our country. ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provide by -- >> the ongoing support of these individuals and these institutions and friends of the "newshour" including kathy and paul anderson and camilla and george smith. >> q snod a public supporter of

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>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcast an by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff: welcome to the "new "newshour." president biden unveil an executive action that offers deportation actions to undocumented spouse and children of citizens. president biden laid out his plans. >> for those wives or husband and their children who have lived in america far decade or more but are undocumented this action will allow them to file a paperwork for legal status in the united states allowing to work while they remain with their families in the united states. let's be clear, this action still requires undocumented

spouses to file all required legal paperwork to remain in the united states. requires in in criminal back ground checks and doesn't apply to anyone coming here today. >> it implemented a crackdown on migrants seek asai lens border asylum seeks legal background. >> you first broke the news that this executive action would be coming. it's now here. tell us more about what exactly this does for undocumented people in the u.s. >> president biden said today that this is about keeping families together. and this is the biggest relief action by a president, amna, since the daca program, the deferred action for childhood arivals from 2012. this use an action called parole in place. here's what key parts of the executive action do. it provides deportation protections for undocumented spouses and their children. it allows those documents

spouses to obtain work permits. they can do that without leaving the united states and it eases process for daca and dreamers. these documented spouses would have had to leave the country to obtain u.s. citizenship. and sometimes for a lengthy amount of time as much as 10 years separating themselves from their family. now, they're able to stay in the united states and legally work as they go on the process to legal citizenship. amna: the president has eligibility process who is a allowed? >> they will be eligible if they meet the following requirements. living in the -- if they've lived in the united states for at least 10 years if they are legally married by june 17 of 2024. and they have three years to apply for that permanent residency. when it comes to the dreamers, they are eligible if they've earn add degree from an

accredited university and if they've received a high skilled job offer aligned with their degree. unfortunately, some of the u.s. citizen that is i've spoke to who have spouse who are undocumented don't think that their spouses are going to be eligible because a white house individual said that some spouses will not be eligible if that spouse was deported even once. they may have been living in the united states for 10 years, but if they were deport once and returned, then they won't be eligible for this relief. >> given all of those requirements do we have any idea how many people could be impacted by this executive action? >> we. do the white house gave an estimate. for the number of eligible affect 500,000 co could benefit. and then 90,000 dreamers could receive this benefit. that one is according to

immigrant advocate estimates because the white house didn't provide estimates on how many dreamers could be affected. this doesn't immediately grant citizenship for these undocumented spouses. it could take up to about five years for them to get citizenship. but i spoke to an undocumented lawyer, he's a daca recipient who has been living in the united states for more than 20 years married with a young son. and he would be eligible for this undocumented spouse's benefit. he said when he found that out that his family his wife and his mother screamed with joy. >> being undocumented has been having challenging, the emotional toll it has taken on my immediate family bones are u.s. citizens, my wife, my son who is young and, you know, i want to be there to watch him grow and see him take his first steps. he's 10 months old. i want to see him be able to graduate from high school just look any parent's wishes. this will allow me to take a

huge weight over my shoulder to be able to adjust my status without using the 10-year bar if i leave the country. >> he told me that today's announcement was about answered prayer on them. >> since the executive action was signed you've been talking to your source, packing the reaction. what's been the response far? >> the administration expect as number of legal challenges but they say they think they're on strong legal footing. i spoke to lee gallant for the american civil liberties union. he praised the administration's action saying there's been too much nonzation of immigrants but the aclu will stick to its path when suing the administration when they restricted asylum seekers. the republican response has been very swift. donald trump's campaign was quick to call this a quick amnesty program and issue add statement that said --ish should

a statement that said this. biden only cares power that's why he's giving citizenshipship to illegal who will vote for him and the open voter democrat party. amna, trump's campaign is rebounding essentially a lie that these undocument immigrants are going to be able to vote by this election cycle which is not possible as i laid out before. amna: immigration issue is a top issue this election year. what could this mean for president biden politically? >> immigration has been a policy act. on one hand he issued that executive action that severely restricted asylum at the border and then two weeks later issued this new executive action that is being wildly praised by democrats within his own party. and despite the fact that even our own polling with npr and marist show that is a majority of americans believe that donald

trump will be better at happening immigration. there are some polling like equis research that shows latino voters like arizona and nevada that when they were told about this potential action for undocumented action that biden could take they moved toward biden by nine points. this is something that democrats across the board that seem to be a political boom for president biden amna: laura, thank you. >> thank you. stephanie: i'm stephanie sy with "newshour" west. israeli prime minister claims u.s. official assured him the bind administration is trying to remove bottleneck on arms

deliver troy israel. the prime minister has quit criticized the administration from with holding wents but during a press conference the secretary general, secretary of state antony blinken would not assure that he made those assurance and he said that only one shipment has been with held. >> as you know, we're continuing to review one shipment that president biden has talked about with regard to 2,000-pound bombs. but everything else is moving as it normally would move and with the perspective that israel has what it needs defend itself against this multiplicity of challenges. stephanie: the shipment was made -- was with held in densely populated areas. he pointed to moscow's support

for north korea's missile and nuclear program. that unfold as president putin visited junk u.n. they are set to hold a round of talks on wednesday. the annual muslim pilgrimage are wrapping up. temperatures in mecca hit 110. hundreds of egyptians and 60 major daneians have died of heat stroke. still throngs of pill grams participated today. more than 1. # million took part in hodges according to saudi officials. meanwhile tense of thousands of people across the u.s. are under extreme heat alerts. it will affect areas from iowa to maine. chicago broke a heat record to start the week. temperatures there will stay close to 100 degrees in the days ahead in new york, the governor

enlisted dozens of state agents sys and the national guard assist residents. >> this is going to be one for the ages. when you think about the fact that places normally very pleasant this time of year like syracuse and issa cha will have 106 degrees on their skin and how it feels to your body today. steve: in the west, firefighters are battling multiple blazes including this one in california in new mexico fires have forced thousands of residents to flee. the governor declare add state of emergency and more than 500 structures that as the first tropical storm is expected to make landfall in texas with heavy rain and potential flooding. former president trump will remain under a gag order in his criminal hush money case following his felony conviction last month. the new york court of appeals declined to hear an appeal saying no substantial correctional question is directly involved.

the judge in the case imposed the gag order in march before the trial began. mr. trump was found in contempt of court for violating the order and was threatened with jail time. the trump campaign said lit continue to fight the order. the shooter that killed five people at an lgbtq plus was sentenced to 55 life terms in prison for the 2022 attack with no possibility of parole. aldridge pleaded got state charges last year. and finally, the legend dear baseball hall of famer, willie mays has died. a two-time m.v.p., mays is considered one of the all-time baseball greats. he started his career in the negro legal and played in new york and san francisco ending his career with the new york mets in 1973. mays was 93. the "newshour" will have more coverage on his death tomorrow. still to come, on the

"newshour," the u.n. security council demands sudan's paramilitary force halted segovia city that threatens the safety of more than a million people with less than five months of the presidential election, we take a look at the results of the pbs news, marist spot and a new investigation reveal how universities profit from the taking of land from indigenous people. >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and from the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism from arizona state university. >> outgoing boeing c.e.o. david calhoun faced tough questioning on capitol hill as lawmakers, raised concerns about the quality control and culture. he spoke to congress for the first time since the max nine

blew out mid flight one of a series of safety incidents involve ago boeing aircraft. mile o'brien has been watching all this. and he joins us now. miles, fill us in on what calhoun dime do and say today. what was he trying to accomplish? >> well, geoff, dave calhoun probably knew as most everybody did that he wasn't going to score a win today. a lot of this was about the tone and tenor and how he characterized the overall situation. he began with an act of contrition. he turned his back to the committee and faced several family members of those who lost their lives in those two 737 max crashes in 2018 and 2019. then he turned back around and told committee boeing is doing better. >> much has been said about boeing's culture. we've heard those concerns loud and clear. our culture is far from perfect,

but we are taking action and we are making progress. we understand the gravity and we're committed to moving forward with transparency and accountability. >> he spoke broadly about boeing doing better. he said the company is inculcating safety, revamping its engineering, and most importantly repeated it several times. the company is set to reacquire spirit arrow systems now a subsidiary but was once a part of boeing which builds the 737 fuselages. none of this did much torres nate with the committee. and it certain di didn't do much for those family who are in the gallery there listening to the hearing testimony before the hearing began, they held a news conference, and there was a lot of anger. >> strengthening the safety of the flying public is important. but there needs to be criminal charges for people at the top,

the people in the driver's seat who are responsible for -- for 346 deaths including that of my sister and every single face that you see here. >> my question to congress even today, why pay attention now? why pay attention now? why not for the last five years that we have continually fought? we have been a muffled scream that has been screaming and no one has been paying attention. >> miles, when the victims' family members speak of criminal charges what, exactly are they talking about? how would that work? >> these are criminal charges which evolve from those two crashes. essentially it is conspiracy to defraud the federal aviation administration. boeing cut a deal with the department of justice. paid $2.5 billion. for a period of time promised to clean up its act. now, the department of justice is indicating that it has not lived up to its part. boeing has --

>> meantime, you've got lawmakerrers on that panel both republicans and democrat that they are trouble with what they say a continuing pattern of problem. tell us about that. >> it was bipartisan in the criticism he received. let's hear from democratic senator maggie hassan of new hampshire. >> i hear you talking about it but what we've been trying to get to is how is it that you had a 2020 failure, a 2024 failure, the failures i've just read about, the 737 failures, now the 787 ones? you talk about safety and culture but you aren't answering the question about what the root causes are here. >> when the senator speaks of root cause what is is she addressing directly? >> well, the allegation from the committee and elsewhere are that in boeing pursuit in competition with airbus that the company sacrificed safety for profits that it cut a lot of corners.

republican senator josh holly of missouri really laid into calhoun on top of that specifically pointing out his $33 million salary. >> your focused on exactly what you were hired to do, which is that you're cutting corners. you are eliminating safety procedures. you are sticking it to your employees. you are cutting back jobs because you're trying to squeeze every piece of profit that you can out of this company. your strip mining it. i don't think the problem is not with the employees. i think the problem is you. you. it's the management. it's what you've done with this company, that's where the problem is. the problem is at the top. >> so geoff, holly asked calhoun why he has an outright resigned from the c.e.o. and he said he was very proud of the tenure.

he's proud of the safety record. and he's proud of every action that we have take. there's a lot of skepticism among senator holly when that comment came across. calhoun is leaving his job as c.e.o. of boeing at the owned of the year. geoff? geoff: what comes next for this company, miles? >> well, it's -- it's -- it's not an easy path, is it? we don't know who is going to succeed calhoun in that position. and many of the problems which had been laid out there will take quite some time to improve. it's -- it's difficult to change the culture of a giant corporation such as boeing. and this is a ken that had a culture for many, many years built around the core of engineering where safety was first, and somehow it has lost its way and turning that around is not going to be easy. geoff: in the minute and a half that we have left, dave calhoun

stays on the job until the end of the year. is there any aviation observationers do they have their eye on who could succeed him? >> no names have been mentioned. what's interesting to think about as well, geoff, could there be a competitor that emerges from this duopoly of airbus and bowing? it seems like there mig be an opportunity for another corporation to step in and build large airliners. could it come from bombarier and canada? perhaps. and the chinese are building airliners. there's a huge opportunity for them on the world stage to step into this gap. now, whether those airliners will be approved to fly in the united states is an open question, but it's a very dynamic situation marching forward. and there may be an opportunity for another company to step in and meet demand. geoff: that's our aviation

correspondent mile o'brien. turks miles. >> you're welcome, geoff. >> today in the u.n. security council, the u.s. has said that famine has likely descended in sudan and warned that the capital of sudan must stop. al fasher was home to more than 20,000 of people before it came under siege. already sudan was home to the largest displacement and hunger crises. and as nick shiffrin reports, it has become a symbol of the country's suffering. >> in sudan's north what was once a sanctuary is now under siege. the road to al fasher's sudan's

major city is a battleground targeted by the rebel paramilitary force who have been accused of it nick cleansing. on the other side sudan's armed force and the allies also accused of war crimes for bombing villages. and they tighten the noose around the most vulnerable. it was home for one of sudan's final safe havens and toads the group are at threat again. >> in approximately one month of fight, we have seen absolute catastrophe in al fasher. >> his team documents war crimes evidenced through video, open source data and sat lied -- satellite imagery. he said al fasher is damaged. >> i can want overemphasize for

those watching this broadcast that the speed of destruction by fighters on the ground is almost unparallel. >> sat lied images showed dunces of images on alsfasher's outskirts sold. and they said that the hospital has been lewd and -- luted and has been shutdown. and there's the rapid support of the precursor the janjui. >> they have been attacked within al fasher. if the forces capture it, they will be able to make dalfor to fight for control of sudan for years to come. >> 430 days into this conflict. the level of human suffering in

sudan is intolerable. >> today the u.n. warned that two million sudanese are in danger of slipping into catastrophic hunger. >> outside countries have ignored u.s. and u.n. demands. >> without these foreign backers, the war would have ended quickly. the war is now into its second year because of armed shipments from multiple outside actors. >> last week, the security council pass add resolution demanding the seize of alfasher calling to not fuel the conflict by providing wents but they have no enforcement mechanism. we turn to dr. ya ser sulamin. who just left sudan last week

and joins us from cairo. thank you very much. welcome back to the "newshour." what did you see when you were were there? how dire is the humanitarian crisis? >> i visited a hospital west of hartum where patients with -- or children with malnutrition are being treated. i saw three children share ago -- sharing a bed. those children are skin on bone. they're a testament to the huge hunger that sudan faces now. i've also witnessed the extreme limited resource that is hospitals suffer from. please welcome that almost 60% of sudan hospitals are not operational at the moment. >> so what you're seeing -- what you're highlighting are two aspects as you're saying, both the hunger and also the inability for doctors and hospitals to provide the medicine that's needed. each of those case, you and i talked about, when you were on the broadcast last year.

has it gotten much worse? >> i think it has. again, make no mistake, this is a man-made crisis. this is not due to a natural disaster. this is a decision by the staff and by the -- >> the sudanese and rapid support forces the rebel para military group. >> this is my second time that i've been there. and i could notice the worstening of the humanitarian crisis. and also i could witness the -- that extreme sense of lawlessness. one of the things they witnessed is that a lot of civilians are cutting clashing cuts. last year there was some sort of order, some sort of army being so strong and being able to control things. i have lost that sense when i visited sudan last week. >> one of the hot spots that we've highlighted today is

al fasher and dahl fur -- dahl for. >> it's clearly about disaster. this is a war zone. so there is indiscriminate need for hospital services let alone the disease that the population would have. al fasher has been a safe haven for hundreds of thousands of people who fled rsf. it vows to protect the city that there may be an ethnic cleansing there or there may be widespread violence. so that's why it's particularly worrying and the lack of health services there is even more especially when we will be faced by a crisis very soon. >> how much has this war been defined by gender base

violation? >> you know, they have known gender base violence but the scale of this war has been unprecedented. one of the very brutal aspects of this war is the amount of women, young girls in some case that is were raped. i've heard horrible stories from physicians of treated -- of rape victims. we're talk about victim who are 16 years old. 15 years old. it's now something that's very routine when -- when it takes over a place that mothers and elderly try to hide their younger, you know, sister and daughters. clearly the majority of reported cases by credible sources and certainly from talking to the fi vision that is i meet in person. host of the kids have been committed by u.s.f. >> president of the sudanese president's student ovation. thank you very much. >> thanks. ♪

>> the race for the white house remains if a dead heat with just months to go before election day. joining me now is lisa desjardins to take a look at our latest pbs news. we are just about a week away from the first presidential debate about a month before the first political convention. what do they show us right now? >> i'm worried about poling. we as "newshour," we're not saying that these numbers are definitive. they're meant to give context and we like to give context to them. they do tell us important things. first the top line number. where are we according to that survey in the last week with n.p.r. and "newshour"? 49-49. the margin of error of 4.2%. that's important because i want to act this context.

we'll take a look at how this saw. look at, this it has been within the margin of error essentially a statistical dead heat for over a year now, which is rather extraordinary. there are republicans more more trump. democrats more for bind. you see a gender divide mom them sometimes. be otherwise the electorate is barely moving at all. >> striking to see how the number haven't changed. almost a year. why are voters so locked in. >> in a few words they're unhappy. they're discontext. on their way to being miserable. we asked are you satisfied with the two major party candidates? 42% said they are satisfied. but 52% said they are unsatisfied. you see in general that republicans are a little bit

more satisfied than democrats if you look on democrats with both candidates on the ballot. you no, we're doing a project right now where we are calling voters who have told us that they're unhappy. we asked for people to respond in our newsletter. so i've been spending the day talking to voters around the country who feel this way. i spoke to a republican in pennsylvania, a former military colonel who said he's frustrated. he said he's ticked off in his words. i talked to his mother who said she's frightened. i talked to a 24 year-old in north carolina. she told me, she's jaded. >> so people are clearly disillusions with the candidates. what about on the issues? where do people stand on the issues. >> it is what campaigns want to pay the most attention to. what is going to work with voters? here's what we ask. these are the top three issue that is we saw in our poll preserving democracy issue 20%.

39% immigration. so those top two very close essentially. what does this mean? a layer of context. let's take a look at what the numbers were in february. preserve democracy was number one, 31%. i want to call people to that. look at that that's a big change. while preserving democracy is where it has been for a while, the concern for inflation has jumped up six points. so that indicates there is actually rising concern about inflation right now. so we haven't asked about the economy, about jobs, but it's not jobs right now. we knew we had a butching job market. we have talked about it it in air in general in the united states the truth is that inflation has been going down. the feds still have some concern. but we are way down from the record inflation we saw the year before. but voters are still feeling it.

>> interesting to see that concern going upen if it's cooled overtime. let's talk about how the issues are -- that make their way into the message the candidates are delivering on the road. >> let's look at the debate in tiers of the knowledge that we have and what voters are saying. former president as you said today was in wisconsin, a reminder that that's one of the key swing states of this election. 10 electorial votes up for grabs there. and no surprise he was talking about the economy there today. >> biden's inflation price hikes and energy destruction has caused the american family an acetoning $28,000 think of that. and on day one, we will throw out bind nomics and replace it with maga-nomics.

>> whatever kind of nomics you want. what's interesting is that biden nomics has helped wisconsin more. this is the exact same area president trump promised thousands of jobs through fox con development that development was anemic. it did not come through. his pledge was not made. 12,000 jobs came through there. but that development is sold and being redeveloped by microsoft which biden said he help bring. i want to remind folks, this is what president biden said about this when he was in wisconsin in may. >> came here with your senator ron johnson literally holding a golden shovel promising the build the eighth wonder of the world. are you kidding me? [laughter] look what happened. they dug a hole with those golden shovels. and then they fell into it.

>> this is economy which we see as the top issue and bind said i've been better for this state than former president trump. when you look down at the details, biden says he's bringing about 4300 jobs permanent and temporary. wisconsin itself is setting records for job growth. inflation actually is way down there. something like 2.7 first the midwest. so this is a place that is doing better on all economic indicators. even if i talk to voters today from wisconsin, they are feeling the pinch when it comes to housing or they look at the bag of groceries. it'ser over last year but they still think it's off-kilter from what they can afford. amna: lisa desjardins for this race of the white house. lisa, thank you. >> welcome. ♪ >> dr. and any fauci is arguably

the world's most famous doctor and best known for guiding the country through the covid-19 pandemic. but he's faced right wing criticism for his assessment and recommendations including some difficult clashes with former president trump. now after a six-decade journey, he reflects on his memory "on call: a public doctor's journey and service." here's the first part of the our interview. >> dr. anthony fauci, welcome to the "newshour." >> thank you so much glad to be here. >> you're brooklyn yup bring, your parents are first generation italian americans. your dad was a pharmacist who actually bought a drugstore. it struck me. you wrote that it became a doctor's office, pharmacy and sigh cry tri couch. how much did that influence your career choice? >> i think that was foundational

in my career choice because ever since i was a child literally, you know, 8, 9 years old in the drugstore delivering prescriptions with my father. the thing that came through with him is that at that time as i mentioned in the book, it was a kind of a core part of the neighborhood where people would come for marriage counseling, children that have been troubled. they want to go to the doctor. should they go to a physician or not? and he really cared for the people in the neighbor. and i had -- neighborhood. and i had that d.n.a. of caring for people. that was compounded when i went into my further education of caring for peep. i think that had a major impact of me wanting to go into medicine. >> much of the memoir focus on your role leading the response to the h.i.v., aids epidemic. i didn't know about it until you

wrote about it ex-tenseably. in large part because activists at the time held you responsible for what you saw as the government's slow response. how seeing of an experience was that to you? >> it was an enlighten experience because the legittity of the scientific approach, the clinical trials process inclusion and exclusion criteria. >> the regulatory process taking so long to get an intervention approved. it worked really well for decades and decades for disease that is were not the way h.i.v., aids was. , which is a group of predominantly gay men who had a disease that was skilling all oh their friends in a period of 10 months to 12 months from the time they develop similar bottoms. they wanted a seat at the table. they wanted to say, we want some

input into the describe of the trials so we could have greater access. we don't want to wait seven years for a drug to get approved. the scientific community and the regulatory community just said, you know, we know best for you. we're the scientist. we're the ones with the experience. they kept on saying, no, no, no, we really want a seat at the table. when we didn't listen, then they started becoming theatrical, disruptive and -- and he used to say there's trouble and good trouble. they were making good trouble in the field of health in wanting to have a seat at the table. one of the best things i think i've done in my career was to put aside that the theatrics an listen to what they were saying because what they were saying made absolutely perfect sense. and i remember saying to myself that if i were in their shoes, i would be doing exactly. what they did.

>> when you describe that experience as en lightning, how did that affect you? >> listen to the patients. don't think that everything comes from the top down. this is our community. listen to what they're experiencing. and you're going to make a much more better and appropriate response that was a lesson that was very well-learned from the activists. over your career, you confront add long pro session of epidemics. zika, ebola. drawing on the wealth of experience and some post pandemic hindsight. er do you have any insights as to why the united states was so will-prepared for covid-19r. there's a response in the public health level and from a scientific preparedness and

response we get an a plus. for decade before covid and the work that we did in all of the things that were med and scientific allows us to do something that was complete i unprecedented in collaboration where the pharmaceutical companies to develop a vaccine the top the pathogen was identified to the time you were having a safe andy effective vaccine going into the arms of people which was life-saving. less than a year. completedly unprecedented. what was not so good is the public health prepareness where we had left and the interaction between the local public health and the c.d.c. and the federal response. it wasn't always connected as well as it should have been. and also i think it's important to say because it's truth that if ever there was a time when you didn't want to have a public health crisis was at a time of

pro found divisiveness within our country where you were having people making decision about health based on political ideology. that's the worst possibility circumstance. is there a way to insulate public health messaging from partisan and it's in politics. >> year, i would hope that there would be >> it would have been nice if we had a uniform message, you know, masks work, use them. vaccines are good and save lives. let's do it. but there was a lot of -- as i said, ideological stuff that got mexed up right there that i think confused the issue. >> seeing you at those hours long white house press briefings where you had to correct the information that was being put out by the white house and by the president himself. how did you navigate that?

>> it was not a comfortable -- i had to make a decision when i saw things being said that would clearly untrue like it's going to go away like magic or this grow drug, hydroxychloroquine but i just examined within myself to preserve my own personal integrity. >> i felt it very strongly as a physician and a public health person, i need to give them the correct information. it was very tough because i had a great deal of respect for the presidency of the united states. and i had no bias towards president trump. but when he was saying those things i had to ask who said no? it's not going to disappear like magic. but in fact, it could harm you. and that obviously set up a lot of low back to me from the white

house and the white house staff. and you're richar about that the ways in which you were under mined and attacked. by top aids to now president trump who includes peter nav navarro. what affect did that have on your able to effectively communicate public health messaging -- >> well, it interfered because there were times where i did want to since i feel i can communicate well if public to get out there and continue to tell them what they knew to keep safe. what they knew to keep safe as things were going on in the epidemic. there was a time when all of a sudden i got got cut off. you can't go on. pbs from the people in the communication departments. and then they reached a time where they got upset with me because what i was saying was contradictory to the message wanted to get out. but i got cut off.

that made it difficult for me through the media. i mean i could talk to the press, the print press and talk to the lesser of the communications. but the big players they wouldn't let me on any more. >> tomorrow night, part two of our interview with dr. anne any fauci. the threats he's face and how he views his legacy. ♪ >> there's a new spotlight on some universities and whether they should be helping native americans students more than they are now. some investigation found that some schools have long profited from land taken from native americans ties and leased to

industries like oil and gas. stephanie sy takes a look on the impact and native american students as par of our series rethinking college. >> 19 year-old allena sierra long hoped to join the university of arizona, her grandfather told her knowledge was power. in an education could never be stolen r. before he passed away. he made me promise you're going to make it. you're going to continue your education. i said yes, i promise. ever since then, just -- school was always -- i'm going to do it. i'm going get a degree for him. >> soon after she attended the sue son-based college, the bills started coming doubt >> iened up coming really nervous and freaking out with how. agoing to pay for it. the u of a granted her a scholars grant which insures mandatory fees about tuition are covered for the students. allallena says her meal plans

weren't covered nor was transportation or housing. she had an hour-long bus. and struggled to get internet access. >> i ended up going on academic probation because of everything that -- that i was going through. i couldn't really focus on school. it was really hard. >> she eventually dropped out. u of a officials did not respond to request for this story. but al aruns a program for natie student there she says the university has not done enough. >> unfortunately, a lot of what we -- what we do around representation is perform active. we're great at renaming children. we provide big events like land acknowledgement, football games for example. but really when you peel back all the externalle layers for publicity, you look at each

individual story say, well, where is the support for these stunts -- students? where are they supposed to go? >> high country news cover add bombshell investigation about what it called land grab universities. the report laid out that expropriated land is the addition of the land grand university system. and that $10.7 were taken from nearly 250 drives. the land grant university system was established under the poll act and signed into law inti through the development or sale of lands granted to them by the federal government. 14 universities continue to generate revenue fm lands retained under the moral act. most of them offer funding for native americans undergraduates including free tuition. it may not be enough.

the majority of students reported running out of money while attempting college. >> where are the native students and are they getting supported? because the university is receiving millions into the billions of dollars in revenue yearly. and how much of that support is given to the native -- the first people's of this place and the people's that the institutions are benefiting from. >> amanda teaches about issues in indigenous higher education at arizona state university. >> since the great recession, native student enrollment has decreased by 40%. that's 15 years of on-going decrease of college enrollment of our native peoples. that scarce me. >> washington state university is another land grant institution. native students make up amie nut percentage of the student population. and vie provost is trying to change that. >> they need that home away from home when they come to campus. some call it rez away from rez.

but it's important that they see nave faces, native faculty and native staff and they have food support and supports for fees and things that they wrestle with some students prior had dropped out for a simple 200 dollar fee. >> what are you personally feel is owed to native prospective students at w.s.u.? >> tuition. i think coming to our institution without cost and getting the adequate support for recruitment retention. >> calls for reparations have been renewed with a new analysis revealing that university that is retain their land grant rights are profiting from leasing land for oil and gas extraction, mining, and fracking. >> the receipts are just adding up more and more. between 2018 and 2022, the lands

generated almost $6.7 billion. the university of arizona received $7.7 of inn these leases in 2022 alone. maria paraso. >> not only were they robbed of that land but they were prevented from having any access to whatever kind of revenue can be generated because they no longer had claim on those lands. >> the loss of lands means a lack of generational wealth. preventing -- surviving. >> isn't all land that belongs to them? >> it's all land. and it's policies that maintains natives to a status quo of being not provided the support of

services they need for us to survive. >> the university of arizona is literally built on a land of her ancestors. she considers stolen. >> they were take advantage of. and i feel like especially native, they should get like free education no matter what. because it's on their land. >> since the publication of the grist article, alina's debt was forgiven and a private donor paid the rest of her lones. she is now going to a nearby tribal college. she hopes to complete her four-year degree. i'm stephanie sy in tucson, arizona. >> and there is much more online

right now including a new bump in teacher pay in missouri and why advocates are worryings how the raise will be fund. that's at pbs.org/newshour. for al of us here, thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular. this is sam. how may i help you? >> this is a pocket dial. >> thought i would let you know that with consumer cellular you get nationwide coverage no contract. >> have a nice day. ♪

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