amna: good evening. i'm amna nawaz. geoff bennett is away. on the “news hour” tonight, hurricane beryl closes in on jamaica after battering grenada and barbados. israel launches another assault on khan younis after previously

claiming it had destroyed the hamas battalions operating in the gazan city. and a look at how abortion restrictions in the u.s. disproportionately impact black women. >> there's both the financial cost of getting the care, the abortion itself, but also the logistical issues of traveling potentially long distances. ♪ >> major funding for the "pbs news hour" has been provided by. the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the "news hour," including kathy and paul anderson, and camilla and george smith. >> the john s. and james l. knight foundation, fostering informed and engaged communities. more at kf.org.

and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. amna: welcome to the “news hour.” hurricane beryl is taking aim at jamaica, the cayman islands, and haiti after leaving a trail of destruction in the southeast rivian including grenada. the storm has killed at least

six people in the region. it has weakened to a category four storm during the day, but it could still devastate island nations with life-threatening winds and storm surge. the biden administration today proposed a new rule to protect u.s. workers from the dangers of excessive heat exposure on the job. it could be the first federal heat safety standard of its kind. president biden said during a visit to washington, dc's emergency operations center that the measure will save lives. >> across the country, workers suffer heat stroke, or even die, just doing their jobs. this new rule will substantially reduce heat injuries, illnesses, and deaths for over 36 million workers to whom it will apply, from farm workers to construction workers, postal workers, manufacturing workers, and so much more. amna: among the proposed requirements, employers with workers routinely exposed to a heat index above 80 degrees must

establish a heat injury and illness prevention plan. they must also offer rest breaks, and access to shade and water for workers. and employers who fail to comply would face steep penalties. the white house says it will convene a summit on extreme heat later this summer. the judge in donald trump's new york hush money case has pushed his sentencing until september 18, at the earliest. it was originally set for july 11. judge juan merchan delayed to consider the possible impact of monday's supreme court decision on presidential immunity. in may, trump was convicted on 34 counts of falsifying business records related to a payment to adult film star stormy daniels. he has denied any wrongdoing. a manhattan appeals court has disbarred former new york city mayor rudy giuliani for repeating donald trump's lies about fraud in the 2020 election. the court wrote that the former federal prosecutor and trump lawyer repeatedly and intentionally made false

statements that baselessly attacked and undermined the integrity of this country's electoral process. giuliani claimed he didn't know the statements he'd been making were not true. one day after closing out a momentous term, the supreme court announced several high-profile cases it will hear in the fall. one, challenging the food and drug administration's ban on marketing flavored e-cigarette products. another, appealing a texas law requiring pornographic websites verify a user's age. but the court declined to hear a challenge to an illinois ban on certain semi-automatic weapons and high-capacity magazines, a case that could've impacted more than a dozen state laws. officials in northern india say a stampede at a religious event has killed more than 100 people, including many women and children. local media said some 15,000 attendees of a hindu gathering were trying to leave a tent meant to hold just 5000 people. relatives of the victims wept

outside of a nearby trauma center. and survivors spoke of the carnage they saw. >> people started falling one upon another, one upon another. those who were crushed died. people there pulled them out. >> i came to attend the event with eight other people. none of them survived. amna: authorities say heat and a lack of air inside the tent could have contributed to the disaster. the united nations says gang violence in haiti has displaced 300,000 children in just the last four months. that's more than half of the nearly 580,000 people overall made homeless in the ongoing fighting. unicef says many kids are living in makeshift shelters, with some forced to join violent gangs to survive. those gangs now control about 80% of the capital, port-au-prince. defense secretary lloyd austin says the u.s. will send an additional $2.3 billion in security aid to ukraine, as he welcomed his ukrainian

counterpart to the pentagon this morning. ahead of closed-door meetings, austin reiterated the biden administration's unwavering support for ukraine's defense against russia. >> we will continue to provide the critical capabilities that ukraine needs to push back russian aggression today and to deter russian aggression tomorrow. this package under presidential drawdown authority will provide more air defense interceptors, anti-tank weapons, and other critical munitions from u.s. inventories. amna: meantime, in kyiv, ukrainian president volodymyr zelenskyy hosted hungary's prime minister viktor orban for his first visit since russia's 2022 invasion. orban has long criticized, and even hindered the west's military support for ukraine. he urged zelenskyy to consider a cease-fire to accelerate peace talks. and wall street ended higher, after federal reserve chair jerome powelll noted some progress on inflation.

the dow jones industrial average added 162 points. the nasdaq closed at a new record, gaining nearly 150 points. and the s&p topped 5500 for the first time ever. still to come on the “news hour,” after a historic supreme court decision, what history tells us about presidential immunity. new laws on tracking gun sales highlight the divide over firearms between blue and red states. and a scottish oil town provides a test case for the country's pledge to be carbon neutral by 2050. >> this is the “pbs news hour” from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: israel launched air strikes into khan younis overnight, a part of gaza it already assaulted and left a few weeks ago. a ground operation now seems likely. it's not the first time in this

now nine-month war that israeli forces have claimed to clear hamas from an area, only to return weeks or months later. in the streets of khan youni today, pain, and prayers for the dead. as residents mourn palestinians killed overnight in israeli bombardment. the strikes came a day after israel ordered a mass evacuation from much of the city in response to a barrage of rockets it said were fired from khan younis into israel. many of those forced to flee have already been displaced multiple times. they escape anyway they can, carrying only their most crucial belongings. >> god knows where we will go tomorrow. it is tiring. this time we did not take anything with us. there is no time to carry anything. amna: for wounded palestinians, there's also no place for lifesaving care. the european hospital, one of the last functioning hospitals in khan younis, is now virtually empty.

patients are being transferred to the nearby nasser hospital, already packed full. earlier this year, israel had already largely withdrawn from khan younis, and is now ordering palestinians to evacuate to the humanitarian safe zone of al-mawasi, in anticipation of a new ground assault. this is not the first time the israeli military has assaulted parts of gaza it said it had already cleared of hamas, including parts of gaza city, and jabalya in the north. for months, the u.s., qatar, and egypt have tried to negotiate a ceasefire deal between israel and hamas, but progress has stalled. and top israeli military officials told the new york times the army is short of munitions, and wants a pause in the fighting in gaza. but today, prime minister netanyahu denied the claims. >> we will end the war only after we achieve all of its goals.

we do not give in to the winds of defeat, not in the new york times and not anywhere else. amna: for more on israel's military campaign in gaza, we turn to daniel byman. he's a professor at georgetown university, and the author of a high price, the triumphs and failures of israeli counterterrorism. let me ask you about this policy , this pattern of the idf going back into areas it had previously cleared and left in gaza. what does it tell you about how the military campaign is going? does this signify a setback or is this kind of pattern to be expected in this warfare? prof. byman: this kind of pattern is to be expected because of, frankly, a flaw in how israel has approached gaza from the start. it has gone in and try to kill hamas fighters, remove them, but it has not left enough forces to garrison much of the strip. and as a result, when israeli forces leave, hamas reconstitutes itself.

this is a lesson the u.s. learned the hard way in afghanistan and especially iraq, which is you need to have something governing the territory you conquer and israel has failed to do that. amna: the stated goal has been to eliminate hamas. is that actually a reachable goal based on what you have seen? prof. byman: completely eliminating hamas is unrealistic. this is an organization that not only has over 25,000 fighters before the war began but also has extensive social and educational religious networks in gaza. israel can reduce hamas's military strength, make it harder for the organization to fight as a large and coherent force. but hamas is going to be a presence in gaza for the short and medium-term and that will be very hard for israel to change. amna: we cited that new york times report quoting top army officials sand they want to pause in the fighting. they are running out of

munitions. prime minister netanyahu has denied those reports. but i am curious for your reaction to them. what do you make of that? prof. byman: the israeli military has to worry about three different wars. first of course is the war in gaza, and they are using many munitions for that. my sense is they have enough munitions to continue that on a day-to-day basis, but that is costing a lot of israel's ammunition stocks. israel also has two other wars. one is the limited war going on across the border with lebanon where it is fighting lebanese hezbollah. here we have seen literally thousands of attacks across the border and well over 100 people have died in the lebanese side come over one dozen israelis. this conflict is not only something ongoing but israel fears it can become a fullbore conflict. and if so would dwarf what we have seen in gaza. hezbollah is a much more formidable force than hamas and

the israeli military would need a lot of munitions for this and they want to keep some reserve for that possibility. and the last we saw in april is an open shooting war with iran. when this happened in april, israel used its missile defense forces and really only did a very limited retaliation against iran itself. but the possibility iran could become directly involved in a bigger conflict is something the israeli military has to worry about. amna: one of the reasons israel continues to fight in gaza is because hamas continues to launch attacks on israel from inside gaza. this latest israeli airstrike overnight they say was in response to one such attack. how does hamas, almost nine months into the war, still have the capability to carry out ose kind of attacks? daniel byman hamas -- prof. byman: hamas has prepared for this war for years. and we know it has amassed massive ammunition stockpiles and rocket stockpiles. we saw some of this course on

october 7 itself, which also involved massive rocket and missile attacks on israel. so it is not surprising hamas has kept some in reserve, probably in tunnels or other facilities relatively secure. my sense is israel has destroyed a lot of this. but it is hard to go completely 20 and hamas certainly retained some capability in tooting -- including the bodhi to attack hamas. amna: i wonder if you can briefly summarize based on u.s. war conduct you have seen in other nations. when you look at the way israel has conducted this war inside gaza, do you see any comparison between what israel is doing and what you see the u.s. do in other places? prof. byman: the u.s. first went into iraq, it was fighting insurgents there, it often cleared them out but failed to secure territory. israel needs to establish a government in gaza, ideally a palestinian government.

until it does that it is going to face significant problems. amna: professor daniel byman from georgetown joining us tonight. thank you so much for joining us tonight. we appreciate it. prof. byman: my pleasure. ♪ amna: the supreme court's landmark decision on former president donald trump's immunity from some legal prosecution has potential to transform the powers of the presidency. our jeffrey brown takes a deeper look at how the ruling fits with history. jeffrey: how much power for the executive branch? what kind of legal restraints? those are questions that have been debated since the beginning of the country. but now by any account there has been a major new development. we look at the past and potential future with historian heather coxe richardson, a professor at boston college. welcome back to the program.

what do you see when you look at these early debates gout -- about presidential power that might help us think about now? heather: i want to be clear that there has not been much dispute about the power of the president since the founding of the united states of america. the people who framed the constitution as well as the people who wrote the declaration of independence were very clear that they did not want a king. that it was important for the chief executive to have guardrails around him at the time is what they thought. and that it was imperative that the president always was answerable to the law. so we had alexander hamilton for example in federalist 69 being very clear that the president could be impeached, the president could be convicted of treason or bribery or high crimes or misdemeanors. could be removed from office. and crucially, would always, as he said, be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law.

they contrasted that with a king. now, that really has not been in dispute, as now certainly we have gone from 1974 when president nixon stepped down because he had broken laws and received and accepted a pardon from gerald ford, which suggested that he recognized that a president could be held liable for crimes. and we have had in the confirmation hearings of many of the supreme court justices who yesterday overturned that central rule of law saying they too believed presidents should be under control the law. so this is not a question of we have jockeyed with this. this is a question of, this is a brand-new development that undermines the central american principal that we are all answerable to the law. no one is above it and no one is below it. jeffrey: the majority of the court yesterday says it is distinguishing between official and unofficial acts. why is that not a reasonable

demarcation line? why won't cords in the future be able to distinguish between them? heather: well, that was an interesting part of the decision. because as they said, that we have never had to explore what an official act is for the presidency. what they did is they suggested that the people who would have to arbitrate that would be the court itself. so in a they have done is they have set themselves up as the people who got to decide whether or not what a president does is legal or can be prosecuted. just to be clear, this has never come up before. in part because presidents have never been unconstrained by fear of criminal prosecution. that is not to say that we have not had presidents who crossed over that line. but this is the first time anyone has suggested that a

president acting within an official capacity can break the law. think about what that looks like. for example you could say that as george w. bush did with his signing statement that regardless of what congress said about torture, he could engage in that. think about the things that a president could do. somebody put on social media yesterday an ai program that said say what crime you want to commit an ai will tell you how you can say it is an official act. think about what someone who is not liable for criminal acts might behave. jeffrey: what do you fear now? former president trump has a track record. in his first administration he has spoken of things he wants to do in the future if elected. what do you fear and why do you think these constitutional checks and balances we have had

will not hold? heather: well, they are gone. people are saying this might be a problem in the future. no. we are in the problem. because law and order in -- underpins our entire system. the idea that everybody should be treated equally in the courts. the supreme court just ripped that up. what am i afraid of? i am afraid of first of all, that people don't recognize what a big deal this is. this is not an adjustment in the law. this is a change in our entire constitutional system that says there is one of the three branches of government that cannot be checked by the other two. and i don't think that people necessarily understand what that means. all you have to do is look to any authoritarian country. look at hungary where viktor orban is visibly taking control of other company's within his country because he can do that now. look at vladimir putin's russia,

where he can simply throw his people into the maw of a meat grinder in that war because they cannot say no. our supreme court has just done the same thing. jeffrey: heather cox richardson, thank you very much. heather: thanks for having me. ♪ amna: it has been more than two years since the supreme court ended the constitutional right to abortion. since then, nearly two dozen states have banned or restricted access to the procedure and to abortion pills. special correspondent sarah varney traveled to one of those states, tennessee, to report on the disproportionate impact abortion bans are having on black women. it's part of our ongoing coverage of race matters. >> he's actually 14 in that

photo. this was the year he was graduating from the 8th grade. reporter: nicole blackmon's son daniel was shot and killed in mobile, alabama two years ago, an innocent by-stander. overcome with grief, nicole and her husband moved to a nashville suburb. >> after so many tries, i did finally get pregnant. reporter: blackmon long had difficulty conceiving after having daniel, so she was elated when she became pregnant after arriving in tennessee. but four months into her pregnancy, doctors discovered that the fetus' organs were growing outside its body, and nicole had became so dangerously ill she was hospitalized. it was only when she decided to end her pregnancy that the couple found out tennessee lawmakers had outlawed abortion. when you learned that you were unable to make the choice to end your pregnancy here in tennessee, what was your husband's reaction? >> he was devastated. you're putting your life on the line. you know, we just lost daniel,

and i don't want to lose you. reporter: the couple considered driving out of state. but nicole was already too sick to work, with no paid sick leave, and her husband, a house painter, would lose a week of wages. at 31 weeks, she vaginally delivered a stillborn baby. >> i did ask that the doctors, put a sheet in between me and the doctor because, mentally, i did not want to be prepared to see the baby like that after just losing my son, and i wanted to just have a memory in my head on how i wanted the baby to be. reporter: and blackmon isn't facing these restrictions alone. 57% of black women between the ages of 15 and 49, or about seven million women, live in

states where abortion is banned or limited. teessee has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the the country, and black women here are about 2.5 times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes as white women regardless of their income or level of education. the republican-controlled legislature here in tennessee made a few limited changes to its total abortion ban last year. abortions are now legal if a pregnant woman is facing death or is at risk of irreversible damage to a major bodily function. but doctors here say pregnant women are still in danger. how long have you been practicing in tennessee? >> since 2016. reporter: dr. rolanda lister is a maternal fetal medicine specialist at vanderbilt university medical center in nashville. >> one of the unfortunate challenges with not having choice for a mother, especially when there is a lethal fetal anomaly, is the complications that can potentially happen from continuing a pregnancy. reporter: complications like

postpartum hemorrhage, and preeclampsia, a high blood pressure disorder that can lead to organ failure. >> so it's hard to justify continuing some pregnancies that have very little to no likelihood of survival. reporter: lister says it's not uncommon for her office to recommend patients leave tennessee for abortion care. >> we provide them with phone numbers, foundations that help with travel. so we do our best to assist patients, if that's what they have decided to do after hearing about the unfortunate news about their unborn baby. reporter: last year, more than 171,000 patients traveled across state lines to end a pregnancy. that's more than double the number who did so in 2019. >> some people have been able to travel out of state to get abortion care, but for a lot of people, that's not really practical. reporter: usha ranji is the associate director of women's health policy at kff, a

non-profit health research organization. >> most black women say they actually don't have enough savings to be able to afford a $500 or more unexpected expense. so there's both the financial cost of getting the care, the abortion itself, but also the logistical issues of traveling potentially long distances, reporter: she says black women who are pregnant enter the healthcare system already at a disadvantage. >> black women we know have experienced discrimination and racism in all sectors of society, including the health care system, and that has affected their access to care, their relationships with providers, and their treatment by providers for a very long time. >> there are safe ways that you can obtain abortions right now, they might not be safe in a legal aspect all the time, but there are safe ways where we don't have to find people using coat hangers or caustic substances. reporter: 28-year-old reproductive health organizer tia freeman educates tennesseans about their options outside of medical settings. she leads trainings on how to

safely take medication abortion pills in a state where republican lawmakers have made doing so illegal. >> we're getting more and more people who are scrambling to find people they're in community with, who know someone who might know someone that can help them. and we're also seeing a lot of people continue unintended pregnancies because they don't have access to a clinic that's nearby. reporter: access to reproductive health care has long been limited for women in southern states, especially black women. >> a lot of people say like, roe was the floor, not the ceiling. and the reason that is, is because a lot of people were barred from care anyway. reporter: and black women between ages 18 to 59 have higher uninsured rates than their white counterparts. that's in part because far more black women live in southern states that have not expanded medicaid under obamacare. without insurance, women's access to health services is limited and costly, including prescription birth control pills and iud's and routine gynecological care. >> having health insurance and

access to care is really important before, during, and after pregnancy. but we know that in states that have not expanded medicaid, a lot of people only gain health insurance once they become pregnant. and that's particularly for lower income people. reporter: freeman has had two abortions. she wants to focus on supporting her son financially and emotionally, and she's deeply committed to his future and her own. a landmark study that tracked 1000 pregnant women for a decade found that 72% of those who were denied an abortion ended up in poverty. nearly 20% higher than women like freeman who were able to obtain abortion care. >> i think that for black people, abortion is a liberatory point of access because of the blockages for upward mobility when people experience unintended pregnancies, the lack of access to, you know, career options, college and education, because of the high rates of maternal mortality.

reporter: for now, nicole blackmon is waiting for her day in court. she's the lead plaintiff in a center for reproductive rights lawsuit against the state of tennessee over its abortion ban. but she's already taken a painful step to protect herself. >> i did decide to have my tubes removed because i was scared of going through all of that all over again. knowing that i'm going in a battle with no support from the doctors. because the doctors' hands are tied. and that's not much that they can do. reporter: had you been able to have an abortion when you wanted it, would you have wanted to try again? try and get pregnant again? >> yes. i think that if things would have gone in a better way, i would have tried for another child. i would have gave myself another chance at having another baby. reporter: who do you blame for what happened to you? >> i blame the law. i blame the law for being made,

not thinking about the different reasons women go through what they go through. not making it where women are able to make their own decisions when it comes to their body. reporter: decisions, she says, that can be life or death. for the "pbs news hour," i'm sarah varney in nashville. ♪ amna: new and conflicting laws around the purchase of firearms are taking effect across different states this week. in california, the law now requires credit card companies to provide banks with special retail codes for gun stores in order to help track their sales. but just the opposite is happening in georgia, iowa, tennessee, and wyoming, where it is now illegal for banks and credit card companies to track that information. stephanie sy has more on that story and joins us now. stephanie: amna, credit cards have been used to buy guns in

some of the nation's deadliest mass shootings. in 2012, the gunman in the aurora, colorado movie theater shooting charged $11,000 to buy guns, ammunition, and tactical gear. in 2016, the pulse nightclub shooter in orlando put more than $20,000 on credit cards. and in 2017, after the las vegas massacre killed 59 people, police found four credit cards that the shooter used to pay for part of his $95,000 rampage. this new front in tackling mass shootings has divided conservative and liberal states. for more, i'm joined by david lee, who's been covering this for the associated press. david, thank you so much for joining the "news hour." can you just briefly remind us how merchant codes work? are those what you see in your end of your crit card statements that give you an idea, for example, of how much you spend on groceries or clothes? david: yes, exactly. that is probably the most common way that a consumer would be

familiar with these. a merchant category code is set by the international organization of standardization. that's a big mouthful. but that's a group that sets standards for a variety of fields across the world, actually. so they have come up with a new four-digit code that can be assigned to stores that primarily sell guns and ammunition. stephanie: how specific is this code? is it one code, and can a credit card company tell whether you bought a gun from walmart or a sporting goods store, and is having that information, potentially sharing it, a privacy violation? david: so these codes are shared by credit card networks like visa or mastercard with banks that issue credit cards and which have accounts with businesses. it's the banks that then, in turn, decide how to categorize particular businesses.

so until now, a place that sold guns say, a walmart that sold guns, was probably not categorized as a gun store, probably a general merchandise store, and still might be categorized as a general merchandise store. where this code comes into play is for stores that specialize in guns. those stores now would get this new code. and so, when someone buys something from one of those stores, it will show up as a gun store purchase, but they won't be able to tell whether you bought a gun, ammunition, a gun safe, or perhaps hunting apparel, like an orange hunting vest. stephanie: so, why do states like california believe this could combat mass killings? companies already have the names of companies every time there's a transaction. they already, from what i understand, also have the right to flag that to law enforcement authorities for further investigation. why is this needed? david: so, some state officials

and gun control activists hope that by categorizing particular stores as gun stores, banks will be able to spot unusual purchasing patterns. let's say you're not usually shopping at a gun store, but suddenly, you make a large purchase from a gun store, but not just one but from multiple gun stores in a short period of time. that might raise some suspicions. financial institution then might flag that suspicious activity to federal or state authorities who could do further investigation. and, gun control activists hope, potentially thwart a crime or a mass shooting. stephanie: does it lead to unlawful government spying, which is what republican critics of this type of rule suggest it does? are you expecting legal challenges? david: well, that is the fear from gun rights advocates. and that's why republican legislatures in 17 states now

have passed some sort of measure that limits or outright prohibits the assigning of gun store codes to particular retailers. their fear is that what might be suspicious to one person is not actually suspicious at all. let's take the example of someone who, for their job, perhaps, has to undergo periodic firearms training to make sure that they're still accurate. well, that person may go out and buy a large quantity of ammunition for a weekend training session. may be perfectly legal. but it could erase this arise suspicions to someone. scenarios like that that gun rights advocates are concerned about, casting unwarranted suspicion on people who have done nothing wrong. stephanie: what you have now is a patchwork of laws that contradict each other with states like california saying they want this merchant code, and other states saying they prohibit credit card companies from using these codes. how are the companies going to

comply with this patchwork of laws? david: well, visa in its latest manual that it distributes to all of its customers, included this new standard and put a footnote on there that said, this is being distributed in compliance with california law. but only the banks and financial institutions in california are required to assign this to businesses. so, yes, the situation exists that across the country, the very same store in one state might be categorized as a gun shop, but in another state, it might still be categorized as a sporting goods store. stephanie: it is certainly a development that will continue to follow, especially as we reach peak summer when we often see a lot of gun violence in cities. david lee with the associated press, thanks so much for joining us. david: glad to be here. ♪

amna: a major issue in britain's general election this week is the cost of living crisis, fueled by spiking inflation after russia's invasion of ukraine. that in turn has put pressure on the country's pledge, written into law, to become carbon neutral by 2050. fred de sam lazaro reports from aberdeen, scotland, in partnership with the pulitzer center. fred: for much of its history, aberdeen was a small port with mostly fishing vessels that anchored the local economy. >> aberdeen on the east coast of scotland. fred: then 50 years ago in mid a global energy crisis, black gold was discovered in the north sea. >> liquid gold. call it what you like. britain now has oil. fred: aberdeen became the anchor of britain's oil industry. hundreds of offshore rigs began to reel in oil, gas, and money. ut with reserves dwindling and a

global climate crisis, the u.k. set a goal to reach net zero by 2050, something highlighted at the cop26 climate conference in scotland, which itself set a 2045 net zero target. the city of aberdeen, self-described as europe's oil capital, pledged to become its energy capital. >> it is almost like another industrial revolution. fred: maggie needs a government-funded nonprofit called the energy transition zone in aberdeen. it is intended as an incubator for new companies and emerging technologies like this experimental platform for floating wind turbines. >> we very much see it as a managed transition that is more focused on energy production from offshore wind, hydrogen. emphasizing carbon capture. fred: half a mile away at the college, students strain to work

on oil rigs and offshore wind farms are like. >> i believe there is a lot of life left. fred: tj and classmate chloe mcintosh said they like the adventure of working on remote platforms miles out to sea for weeks at a time, and the perks. >> we are paid the money that we are. it is good money. fred: brodie is a renewables tech student. >> i always do mechanical work. since renewables is the next upcoming thing it will only get better, i thought this will be the next thing. >> it is a really exciting place to be. fred: the instructor says for many students, the choice of oil and gas or renewables is not hard. >> these skills are really transferable. traditional oil and gas companies still exist and they need employees. offshore wind and wave power. they are looking for employees as well. >> three quarters of our total

energy needs still come from oil and gas. so the starting point on our tourney to de-carbonized is already a challenging one. fred: john underhill directs the center for energy transition at the university of aberdeen. he says the decarbonizing journey has been subject to detours. thanks to global developments and politics closer to home. >> since cop26 there has been a seismic event and with events in ukraine we now see that energy security and affordability have come right up the political agenda. perhaps arguably at the expense of environmental sustainability and climate compatibility. fred: gas prices and home heating costs soared after the invasion creating a cost-of-living crisis. britain's government called for re-doubling efforts to drill more in the north sea in pursuit

of energy security. but to critics this was a step backwards, evidence more of the influence of oil companies than any security or climate concerns. >> the problem is with the same company making its profit out of producing fossil fuels come at the same time controlling the conversation about how quickly renewables are going to expand. fred: eric, who once worked in the petroleum industry, now runs an environmental group called aberdeen climate action. >> we need a different mindset and a different approach to actually do the things that bring these emissions down and take our energy demand down. fred: very little has been invested in lowering energy demand he says. heat pumps and insulation for example. it accounts for -- >> the northeast scotland college does not have a retrofitted apartment yet.

that is unbelievable. and because the oil industry controls this transition funding it is pretty much impossible to get transition funding for things that were to develop these jobs. fred: and the jobs so far in renewable energy have brought little benefit locally. thousands of wind turbines now not the british post -- now dot the british post. many people here see something different. they see imported turbines almost all of which have been installed using foreign labor. workers housed on -- offshore on boats and many paid far less than the minimum wage. those are terrible optics. >> they are. fred: david heads offshore energy u.k., an association of energy companies. >> there is great work going on that shows we can learn from that. fred: he insists homegrown jobs

will the -- will be developed in emerging industries. but he says oil and gas will remain the most reliable energy source for decades and must remain in the mix. a total switch to renewables is simply not feasible come he says. >> yes we could have more wind. but we would have blackouts. that is not going to be acceptable. it is a recognition that while we in the u.k. use oil and gas and we will beyond 2050 that it is right we produce our own. >> we have got to take control of renewables. fred: for his point -- he says fossil fuels will continue to be part of britain's energy mix because it is profitable for the oil companies. what is needed is major

investment in grid expansion to transmit renewable energy he says. that will create thousands of jobs. >> we should be transitioning those workers into what has to be done to enable all the electricity we have to produce. because we don't have the infrastructure for it just yet. what are we going to do when the wind drops? we don't have any storage capacity in the u.k.. >> we have not had an energy policy in the u.k. since the 1970's. fred: britons have taken energy security for granted for decades. >> we could make some of those net zero targets and much more easily shutting things down with the cost that comes with that. the hard bit is from now forward. fred: britain accounts for barely 1% of global emissions

today but as a developed economy, cradle of the industrial revolution, many scholars say it's example will be closely watched across the globe. i'm fred the sam laszlo in scotland. amna: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under-told stories project at the university of st. thomas in minnesota. ♪ a number of prominent musicians, including george gershwin, miles davis, and john lennon, were also artists in other mediums. you can now add grateful dead drummer, mickey hart, to that list. special correspondent mike cerre visited hart in las vegas, where his fans are flocking to see his art, and to hear his band play in its summer residency. it's part of our arts and culture series, canvas.

>> painting is like music. when i paint, i can hear the music. and they are full of rhythm. that is what i do. mike: for percussionist mickey hart, art is in the eye and ear of the beholder. >> i like to create things from nothing, to make things happen, and visual or sonic, it doesn't matter, it's just the act of creation. mike: for more than a half century, mickey hart has been part of creating the grateful dead's enduring magic as a percussionist throughout its many iterations, the latest as dead and company. more recently, he's taken on painting as a second career, both as an emotional release from his day job and as another medium for expressing the fundamental role rhythm plays in all of his work.

>> and i paint with multi-colors, i also play with multi-rhythms, you know, polyrhythms. so they're very similar in many ways. mike: is it performance art? because you are dancing to the rhythms, you are moving to the sounds in your studio. >> oh yeah. when i paint, i have music going and i'm painting in rhythm and i'm grooving and i'm having fun. mike: rhythm is more than just an inspiration for his art. it's an integral part of his technique, which he and others are calling vibrational expressionism. some of his canvases are the actual drum heads and cymbals he's performed with over the years. they are placed on top of massive audio speakers to let the rhythmic vibrations move the paint around, forming unique patterns that can't be created with brushes. >> paintbrushes are too limited for me, and everybody paints with brushes, so i imagine i couldn't paint better than a billion other people. but this is a different kind of painting.

i use buckets and all kinds of things that hang from the ceiling that make figure eights and circular movements. mike: did jackson pollock inspire you at all? >> oh yeah, jackson pollock was one of my idols. >> i can control the flow of the pain. there is no accident. >> he was random. and i like random. and i like chaos. chaos, i embrace chaos. and so did pollock. but he only went so far. and i was going to take it further than that, take it into the vibrational world. mike: his sources of good vibrations for painting come from as faraway as outer space, from his previous collaboration with nobel prize winning physicist and deadhead, dr. george smoot.

and as close to home as his own brain's reflection of different rhythms, from his medical research with neurologist dr. adam gazzaley. >> they're interchangeable for me, sound and light. light, of course, is very powerful, more powerful than sound, the eye is, anyway, as an organ, more powerful than the ear. so, i naturally just gravitated to the visual domain, from the sonic domain. mike: as non-traditional as his technique, so is his first major gallery exhibition, here at a las vegas casino where he's created a pop-up art gallery for his work at the venetian hotel. so longtime deadheads can see and possibly buy some of his art, like larry gatton from new york. >> i know him more as a musician, but i think of him as a full artist. his whole being is art.

>> we're deadheads from way back. we want to see everything in this exhibit. mike: robin and tim lammon came from florida, for both mickey hart's music and his art. >> i've seen some of his art in other places. mike: are you surprised by anything you've seen here? >> yeah, it's actually really good. i wasn't expecting it to be this good. >> everybody sees something different in the paintings, and everybody hears something different in the music, and that's the beauty of both, is because there's mystery involved in it. mike: what about art critics? when you put your art out there, they're not going to be necessarily your friends. >> i don't think of critics anymore. critics are long gone. i don't care what they say. it doesn't really matter to me. i hope they like it. if they don't, well, they don't. but it wouldn't stop me, because i'm not doing it for the critics. i'm doing it for people, and for myself, and, you know, maybe for the world of art. mike: his art gallery exhibit is convenient for his other career

and day job, playing with dead and company at the las vegas sphere, yet another canvas for showcasing both of his art forms simultaneously on the world's largest led screen. >> when i'm painting, the same thing happens. it's a groove. and i'm improvising. i improvise in the grateful dead, dead and company, that's improvisational music. this is the same in paints. it's jamming. i love the jam, no matter what it is. mike: for the "pbs news hour," mike cerre at the sphere in las vegas, nevada. ♪ amna: priyanka mattoo is an la-based writer and filmmaker whose new memoir bird, milk, and mosquito bones chronicles her peripatetic search for home, from kashmir to england to saudi arabia to michigan to rome and, finally, to los angeles. tonight, she gives her brief but spectacular take on what home means to her today.

priyanka: my parents met at, it is kind of a hindu bar mitzvah. the claimant was arranged. it was not arranged. my parents have been together for 40 years. they are an incredible partnership. my father has this hilarious practical approach which is he believes that all marriages should be agreed to in eight-year options and every eight years you go do we still want to be married? and you go yeah or no. it is not the worst idea. my book is called bird, milk, and mosquito bones. i was born in kashmir and i lived there until i was 2.5 and then spent a big part of the year there until i was nine because of mounting violence in the region we had to leave and we cannot go back. i moved to london, saudi arabia, suburban new york, michigan.

my maternal grandfather definitely created army of strong pathologically assertive women. so that is all i know is to go out in the world with this very confident and noisy attitude. he was always chain-smoking. he waxed and twirled his mustache and he was so larger-than-life. there is a section in the book about this. what was baked into them forever was to like themselves. what anyone else thought was irrelevant. he said no one can take your mind away from you. the women of my family ran with that. food and language are everything to us. you have to understand we were tucked away in cold houses during the winter so all we did was talk and eat. you will not get recipes written down from kashmiri women. add enough so that it is red. a signature meal is a delicious, spicy lamb stew. i have a theory about why

kashmiri mothers and grandmothers do not share their recipes. i believe that my mother enjoys feeding me so that when i have to make it i have to call her. it is a loving act, even know it is withholding. i moved to the u.s. in the middle of my freshman year in high school, which was only hard for me. my parents loved it immediately. it is hard for me to go through any segment of any day without thinking of how lucky i have it and how i could be dead or in a refugee camp if i had just been born 200 feet to the right. i did think writing books was for other people, and there was no point where i thought it was a vocation for me at all. i just know i got to a certain point in my life where i could not hold the words in anymore and they came pouring out. my name is priyanka mattoo and this is my brief blitz that had killer take on dreaming at home. amna: you can watch more brief but spectacular videos online at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the “news hour” for tonight.

i'm amna nawaz. on behalf of the entire “news hour” team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the "pbs news hour" has been provided by. >> consumer cellular, this is sam. how may i help you? this is a pocket dial. well, somebody's pocket, thought i'd let you know that with consumer cellular, you get nationwide coverage with no contract. that's kind of our thing. have a nice day. >> carnegie corporation of new york, working to reduce political polarization through philanthropic support for education, democracy, and peace. more information at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions.

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