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tv   Mi i nauka  NTV  March 22, 2024 1:10am-2:06am MSK

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i’m ekaterina shugaeva and in 10 years science will explain all the secrets of water, i don’t know everything, i have it written that way, well, i understand, but i nevertheless invited optimists who believe that in 10 years science will really explain all the secrets of water , this is evgeniy kuzin , chemist, good evening, good evening, and arkady tishkov, biogeographer, hello, good evening, traditionally my guests are skeptics nikolai shabalin, marine biologist and ecologist, good evening, and vera shirokova - hydrologist, good evening , kind!
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that the earth was originally surrounded by hydrogen atmosphere, enormous temperature, enormous pressure, silicon oxide was reduced and water was formed. the decrease in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere led to the cooling of the earth and the condensation of water vapor. the first inhabitants of the seas were bacteria, then algae and trilabite mollusks appeared. 600 million years ago... fish appeared, and then vacationers appeared on the shore, and now there are leaders who are not on the shore and do not rest, so i have a question for you, yes, do you drink a lot of water a day, don’t you? smooth, well, more precisely, look like in the form of coffee in in the form of coffee in liters, i just realized, well, in the form of coffee, but well, i still try to use clean water, well, instead of soda, for example, when i want to drink, oh well... okay, i’m kidding,
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i can’t live on coffee alone , yes, i won’t live, arkady aleksandrovich, there are indeed a lot of theories, because when water appeared on earth, where did it come from, i am a supporter of the idea that after all, leave this mystery alone, let, let, so to speak, scientists continue to work, otherwise, otherwise, if they, i understand, well, at least open it a little like this window, i cover the fact that, of course, at a depth of almost 600 km, there are... oceans that are ten times larger in volume than what is on the surface, that’s for sure, you know, this is no longer, so to speak , not exactly a secret, that’s what it is, what kind of water it is, and yes, what its composition is, it ’s unknown, well, it would be better for us to say so, to strive to study it, but i immediately want us to agree here on the shore, in relation to what is secretly, what is, so to speak, we don’t need it today.
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this is obvious, this is probably known to everyone, yes, this is a water-salt solution in which there are many other substances in dissolved salt, and if water contributes to the production of crops, it is living water, yes, but if water, on the contrary, does not support life, then there are no living things there - then organisms , some species do not survive, this is dead water, dead , as an example, well, in a slightly different way, for example, in laboratory conditions you can get distilled water, there is almost no water, salts there, it does not support life, it supports life, if you dissolve a certain amount of salts in this water, and i will as an example, i want to show the grave lake, please show me the grave lake, here is the grave lake, the next frame shows the layers of the grave lake, which is located on... a peninsula with the barintsev sea
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nearby, salt water enters through the bridge, it stratifies the top layer is fresh, then elephantine, salty bacteria, and saturated with hydrogen sulfide due to the fact that mixing does not occur there, accordingly, their own species live in certain layers, you can talk a lot about this lake, this lake, its origin was clarified only in the 19th century, when sea cod was caught, and it did not become clear why it was like a fresh lake, and a sea cod, there were no sources from below, so from below, only what was from the sea, it stagnated, stagnated and through the jumper salt water comes in from the ocean. it is denser than pressed, fresh is on top, salt is down, they don’t mix and a native layer is formed, also regarding the magical properties, why is this connected with some kind of
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witchcraft attitude, why do people treat this way, because that water reflects the surrounding world, so mystical, magical, therefore in witchcraft and sorcery, i’m not saying this as a scientist, i’m saying this as... knows that there are memorial plaques, signs, spa, in karlovy vary, the one who rested there , the cross even stands in karlovy vary, and
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it started with molotov worker ivan riboev, show me the petition, please, i was at arafbolot, i drank water, i had heart disease and i recovered, as a result, short marcial waters with miraculous magic water were opened, you see, and you say no need drink water, don’t drink water, that’s right, i drank recovered, advertising on ntv, this is a show of stars, duels, denis dorokhov, let me go, let me go,
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launch on sunday at 6:00 pm on ntv. the program is on air. science and a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. in 10 years, science will reveal all the secrets of water. our expert, professor kapustin, will tell you about water on planet earth. there are approximately 1.5 billion kilometers of water on our planet, but 98% of the water is salt water, water in the seas and oceans. there is very little press water, just over 2%. only half a percent of the press water is easily
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accessible, the rest of the water is either frozen or underground. 2/3 of fresh water is stored in the form of ice. in general, pressed water is water whose salinity does not exceed half a ppm. water on earth continuously circulates, evaporates, turns into clouds. falls again as precipitation. the average residence time of water in the atmosphere is about a week; in total, the atmosphere contains about 200 million tons of water. we are very lucky. our country has huge reserves of pressed water. our renewable water resources amount to 4,000 km. only brazil is ahead of us, but... of course, we have our own unique lake baikal, and scientists have also found that if you live
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close to water, even by a river or a lake near the sea, you always experience positive emotions. well here i have it for example, a stream is murmuring near the house, a heron is walking, looking out for frogs, and this heron is not at all afraid of me. that's why our professor is so happy. what sciences study water today? well, this is the h2o? well, not exactly h2o, it’s also impurities and a lot of other interesting things, yes, especially when the water begins to collect in some large large masses. fresh or salty, they begin to have additional properties, so here i would move away from the concept of h2o, because having studied h2 impurities, i hope that all schoolchildren will move away from tv, because they will say that they are taught the wrong things at school, at school they teach that h22, h2o - we are talking to you about the chemical composition of water, it’s all about the water molecule, but still we are talking about a river, if we we’re talking about water
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a little more broadly, namely, who studies water, what sciences, and hydrochemistry, the science specifically about the chemical composition of water, about impurities. about how the chemical composition of water of these impurities changes under the influence of certain physical factors, whether these there are others there, this is lithochemical, permissible when interaction there with others with other traces with the lithosphere, let’s say yes, this is hydrochemistry, everything that concerns the chemistry of water is hydrophysics, since our water exists in three states of aggregation, liquid, well , what you are doing is that you are drinking gaseous water vapor. solid ice, and therefore hydrophysics studies all water in its states, these processes that occur in one state or another, that is, heat exchange and light scattering in water, condensation, freezing, and the transition from one state of aggregation to another , and this those processes that take place in each state of aggregation, let's say hydrophysics studies waves, the same flow,
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the principles of wave formation, that is, water physics, please, hydrophysics. but that’s not all, because there is hydrology, as a science that studies water in general and its interaction with the atmosphere, with the letosphere, so, and if we come to the seas, of which 98%, yes, roughly speaking, then we we are already starting to study oceanology, also known as oceanography, since it is salt water that collects in a huge massif covering our planet, begin to have completely different properties that affect others.
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conditions, this is high pressure , high temperature, how water behaves in space, how its properties change, how rheology changes, how its chemical composition changes, what elements, in addition to those known to us in the periodic table, can enter it from outside our planet, yes, even on our planet, if we talk about the water reserves that are deposited at a depth of more than 600 km, we don’t know how it behaves
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there, because water, depending on the conditions, is a completely different state, a colleague has already noted that we have... interactions of components, that is , itself . with all the factors, with all the substances, this is such an array of data that, well, there probably
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won’t be enough time to discuss within the framework of one program, will we ever be able to find out what the properties of this deposited water are underground?
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next in geography we in geography is spatial distribution of water large cycle small regional features of movement tides current because it seems to us that everything is clear blown blowed passages the current went there. yes, what kind of life was there, what is there, what is the chemical feature, it is millions of years old, you need to know, the permafrost is thawing, this is different water, right there they discovered, for example,
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giant viruses in the permafrost, you know, and this is water, water is the carrier , the carrier of life, we listed my colleague, a colleague of science, he did not say, biophysics of water, there is also such science, a whole bunch of biophysics , which... solves the properties of the biological physical foundations of biological life, in fact, yakutia shows -50, trees are growing, trees are growing, by the way, well, there in the summer it’s +40, and so the trees are growing, they are alive at -50, when you start studying, there is water there, it doesn’t freeze, right? geography in biology, in biology there is
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, for example, a secret, a secret of secrets regarding water, this is the formula for photosynthesis, a simple formula for photosynthesis, there - you remember, there is water, these are photons, this is how many of these photons there should be, so that this time and... this is where photosynthesis takes place, people there are trying to take micro-fractions per second photographs to see this moment and cannot see it - they cannot understand, but for us this is very important, because there are different ones, if we talk in relation water, plants have different strategies for photosynthesis, there is the main c3, the so-called, which is 90% of the entire flora, wheat gives the same thing, so to speak , products.
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1500 tons of water, you know, isn’t this a secret, and i’ll even say, this water and photosynthesis are that global secret, which researchers are already approaching, i am sure that they will find and create a nature-like technology that will allow us to split water and drive hydrogen normal hydrogen cars, i swear to you that it is there inside. this photosynthesis, and not just beyond the abstract thinking of man, these are the secrets of secrets. arkadi aleksandrovich, science has already come close to this from the point of view of chemistry, there are catalysts
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that, under the influence of light, for example, carbon nitrite, are capable of decomposing water into hydrogen gas oxygen, and sell 120 million tons of water is weak, it is necessary to have a good commercial life, this really struck me today, will you ever count with... he talks about the fact that wheat is water in fact, we sell it, but we everyone says that you and i are, in theory, water, without - what do you mean to me, well, okay, okay, let’s say, but without food we can somehow live there for a month, without water there is no , why is there water like that? why water, you mock plants, it’s also like this, and plants are also alive, this is for the sake of science. you won't drink water, you’ll be like this, yes, really, why is water needed in the human body, why are we neither here
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nor there without it, well, let’s start with for... with the fact that you and i exist, in fact, water , moving , thinking, existing, yes, but we are water , why, because you and i still came out of the ocean, in fact, we carry the ocean within us, that is, your chemical composition of liquids is quite identical to sea water, he is similar, in general, i’m not just, you and i are not leading, we are thinking water, but most importantly, we are even ocean water, well, maybe not a thinker, but a reader, and moreover, you are always in principle. to the sea , because you carry the sea within you, so you say, let’s go to the sea, the sea is in you, dear, i actually wanted to go to yakutia, there the trees don’t freeze at -50, and so that’s why water is for us is important because, well, in principle, you know, if i diverge the expression, a person there is 78% water, well, probably, well, actually not quite 78%, but yes, the fact is that the chemical composition of our body is water , when we are born somewhere around 78 dash 80%. by weight
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a baby is water , with age it decreases, and we age, yes, yes , the older we are, yes, the older we are, the less water we have, that is, conditionally, yes, yes, yes, there is up to 50% of old people there , yes, there accordingly , that is, little by little, from 78 to 50, this, drink not only coffee, you know, there is such a common expression, you are what you eat, well, it’s correct, but you are also what you drink, yes, because if you constantly. consume an additional amount yes, you just constantly get alkaloids every day, an additional amount all kinds of terpenes that directly affect your biochemistry, so please drink clean water. wait, vera aleksandrovna, you yourself said that water is full of salt impurities, which is why when, well, it seems like yes, i feel a certain taste, when i usually do.
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when i drink water, i drink solid impurities; when i drink coffee, i drink pure impurities, where can i find your pure water? the question of concentration to the dead vera alexandrovna said, natural, which means this is a natural solution, we stopped there, a water-salt solution, and water in us, depending on what is dissolved there, natural water, it has its own chemical composition, yes, and we sometimes say, here is water, what should water be like, what should it have? there must be smell, color, taste and the like, yes, these are the organoleptic properties of water, water must be odorless, colorless and tasteless, why then do we sometimes say tasty water, there must be a balanced amount of those substances that are salts, that determine color, smell, taste, these are organolyptic properties, and since i am a historian of hydrochemistry, i must to say that before... until the xiv century
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, the quality of water was determined organalyptically, color, smell, taste, there weren’t so many of them more than other chemical methods, so the first to ask this question at the end of the xiv century, the beginning of the nineteenth was george, a participant in academic physical expeditions organized by lomonosov, he wrote a manual on how to quickly and easily test simple water whether it is healthy for drinking or not, proposed various qualitative chemical reactions, and vasily severgin, a famous geologist, mineralogist, that is, very a famous , talented scientist, said the following phrase: it may now be very true, he said this, although pure water is light, but not all light water is pure, for example, radioactive water, it will not show either one or the other, or the fifth, not a tenth,
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complevidit at an affordable price. he also hides under the mask of harlequin. a very popular, very talented singer, mia boyka. mia boyka. larisa guzeeva. mia boyka. singer, blogger, mia boyka, beauty! who will be next? mask, anniversary fifth season, on sunday at 2:20 on ntv. the program is on air: science and us, a program about how science can change our lives in the next 10 years. in 10 years, science will explain all the secrets of water.
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there are different technologies: osmosis, ion exchange, distillation, etc., but all technologies, alas, are not ideal, for example, after separating the press water, concentrated brines are discharged directly into the sea, all living things in this place die, all methods are very expensive, but for example, you can get water burning oil and gas, well, if you can afford it, of course, by the way, water consumption in different countries is very different, in niger it is 5 liters of water per day, in the usa more than 300, in russia the average water consumption is about 60 liters per... person 60 liters of coffee per day, think about it, yes, i
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also calculate how much it is in cups, evgeniy nikolaevich, well, they say that water has memory, and you agree with this, then what does it remember, water remembers actually a lot, if the water starts telling us what it knows, it will be very it’s scary, in fact, she knows a lot of our secrets, the water doesn’t tell you, for example, the brand of shampoo you use, well , she won’t tell you that about me, but that’s another question. do you want to say that someday someone’s shampoo will be washed down the drain, then he will tell something about me, definitely, yes, you can determine the state of your health from the water, you can see what you use, what cosmetics, what products you use, water carries a lot of information about what region you live in, where it comes from, water even carries information about what happened on the other side of our planet, you just don’t think about it a little when you consume it in such huge volumes, which... but we really consume it, it’s you who say that impurities
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in water carry information , here’s the water itself, that same h2o, and regarding that same h2o, i also have little notes here, i’ll draw you on the board, now i’ll blow it out with pleasure, i haven’t been out for a long time since school, let’s go, let’s go, regarding that same memory , in general, this is a slightly scientific or semi-scientific definition. appeared since the times of homeopathy, when we, or rather , the science was born that you can endlessly dilute any substance to obtain properties from it, any medicine can be a poison, any poison can be a medicine, as paracelsus said, in fact, then the first thought about that water can have memory, if we dilute an aspirin tablet an infinite number of times, then the water will remember what aspirin was and, relatively speaking, of a saccharine nature, this does not happen, this violation of laws in physics, chemistry and others for us. from generally accepted trends, well, in fact, the knowledge that
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you and my colleagues obtain as best we can, but water is an array - an array of precisely chemical chemical data of chemical memory, about what it came into contact with, well , i’ll literally give a little background information, i’ll draw it soon, there was just a question about where to get clean water, i’ll tell you how much to get, by the way, but the diameter, what clean water is, we haven’t even fully decided on this term yet, it’s simple. circle, i draw a little crooked, sorry, the metro is also not very smooth , no big deal, the circumference is about 30 km, yeah, 20, 20, with a little, that’s not the point, the circle area is 30 km, moscow’s daily consumption of clean press water, which my colleagues actually talk about that it is clean and safe and pressurized, and in a week it will raise the water level within the circle by 1 m, that is, we consume such an amount of water enough to flood everything inside the ring by 1 meter in a week, 4 million cubic meters is per day
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consumes such a yes only moscow moscow where we take them and rivers, lakes, reservoirs , underground waters, everything depends on what part of the water should be that we drank so much from it, we also drink from the volga, we have a lot of sources, there would be a lot of high water in not a single moscow river. regarding the purity of water and regarding memory, the water that comes to you and me from the tap, it remembers where it came from, it could be of spring origin, it could be a descent from some distant mountains, it could be a mystery of the glaciers, it may be a mixture sea ​​water, these are many sources of water, actually water is remember for us that the most important metals or compounds for us are calcium and magnesium. potassium, sodium. actually, this
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is what it brought, it is from these elements that we can judge where it leaked, calcium - which means there was chalk somewhere, or somewhere there was gypsum, magnesium, carbonates, hydroxides, minerals, serpentinide, brucite leaked there, potassium, sodium, sylvinite, flowed there, then the anionic composition, an equally interesting part, chloridanion, sulfatanion. and a little less often nitrates, all the ones that scare us, and less common ones, such as fluoride, bromine, these are microimpurities, we won’t talk about them, but based on this chemical composition.
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look for what the water remembers about us, viruses that sicken people can be found there, atypical agricultural products can be found there, the same fertilizers that may be in excess, all this comes from night structures based on the composition of the water, we can see who where did you eat, what kind of water was there, what kind of quality products do we consume very they work well, they work perfectly , please tell me, at the entrance, when i get all this beautiful water with these elements, at the entrance... it’s all not specially purified, we don’t leave it so that it is alive, these are the elements that ensure our normal functioning, without these elements our blood will not clot well, we will not have the transmission of nerve impulses and you cannot have anything dangerous in tap water. i have taught me to drink from tap water all the time all my life. a crane is only more reliable boil thanks arkady alexandrovich arkady
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alexandrovich, well, look, you already said i have ice and this. water, wow, here's water, okay, this is water, let's take it, ah, i still have some thin water, uh-huh, here's some thin water, yes, yes, now we'll make it, yes now we'll make it, like gaseous water, wow , that's what i mean, sometimes, it seems like everything is obvious, both, the third is water...
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about the memory of water, we are talking about - 2% of all water on the planet, which, so to speak, concerns us, which we we drink everything, but if you take the theory, which is supported by my colleague, a biologist, then we came from the sea, there is even a literal theory of the origin of man, but in our case it is true that the acidity of the blood there is the same as the sea.
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chemical elements included in the solution, in the water itself, which means the question will be clarified, how these
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water molecules change, how they freeze differently, creating different snowflakes that we cut out before the new year, how... the water flows , not substances not dissolved in it, so to speak, but water specifically, specifically its molecules after various tests, so to speak, our institute, for example, has patented, so to speak, cryo purification of cryo water, so to speak, use for desalination for purification, yes, yes, yes, but it’s not like freezing, it’s frozen, it’s frozen, but it works by irrigation.
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quality of water before that, until the 19th century , it was called water spoilage, not storage damage, but spoilage - these are the substances that spoiled water, now it is called quality, water quality, it is, as it were, in the world sanitary organization. internationally regulated, which were adopted somewhere in the middle of the last century, but they are always improved, because
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they are added, discovered, added, the impact on the body is that some other substances appear, some benefit, what harm, and what harm, by the way, water brings, depending on of how much we exceed these maximum permissible concentrations, this is drinking water, we are talking about drinking water, but i have one thing here, and where did i go?
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the process that says we will discover secrets, it ends scientific existence, so zero, zero, thank you
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big, chemists will always have something to do, how to make water safe, how to clean it properly, how to clean it after we have used it for our technical or household purposes, chemists in this regard are moving measuredly, steadily, to the point that we will unravel all the secrets of water, i think we will come close with a probability of 70-80 percent, an optimistic forecast, right? but this is the forecast of an optimist, and i am also a chemist, but i still hope that we, the chemist , will stretch out this pleasure a little, because otherwise we will be bored, 20% on pleasure for yourself, a chemist is the same engineer, he is a researcher, we should always look for something new, 80%, thank you very much, at the moment there are very large climate changes that are somehow reflected in the hydrosphere of the same
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, happens - 0%, thank you very much, well, not 0, maybe well 20 , of course, of course, you can never explain everything, but here is what i highlighted in each area, in geology, in geography, well, in chemistry in the social sphere, having used water,
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it seems to me that 10 years is the step that will allow some things to be resolved. depending on how science fundamentally formulates its priorities in this case, for example, now we are frightened by epidemics, everything, i think that there will be a breakthrough and some issues will be secretly resolved in relation to water as a medium, infectious, pathogenic diseases, because after all, we are tormented by many, many diseases now that are associated with the spread, existence in water and so on, which means this is progress, water is a scarcity... resources are what we said today, here is desalination, there is an obvious progress, 10 years is the step that will teach you how to normally, so to speak, increase opportunities, the resources will not be there, we have 2 billion billion suffering from a deficit, in relation to the ocean, this is space, this is exactly limitless, but i really believe that
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now focus on studying due to the changes to find out. how these cold and warm currents are intertwined like this, because i’ll explain, because in the sixties, both geologists and climatologists made plans for the transformation of the earth, let’s block this let's freeze europe, it will become in canada, they wanted to build a platinum on the verening strait so that cold waters would not flow into it, which means in this direction in the ocean from...
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45% science will reveal all the secrets of water, i just really wanted to, i understand, but no , will not open, but maybe it’s good, because everything secret is the most, the most interesting thing in the world, so as long as we don’t lose interest in water, it brings us life, we won’t lose interest in life, but i liked the most important thing about this program that the water you use in the shower is then about you he’ll tell you everything, i need to talk to you later. no, it was a program, we are science, science and we are a program about how science will change, including our lives in the next 10 years, third interests in life, see you in a week, bye.

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