this first professional experience, perhaps, became for them the beginning of their career in one direction or another, we were very glad when the president indicated in his message that we would expand medical offices in schools, this is also very important for us now, because this concerns the education of children with disabilities, it is often impossible, because there is no medical office where you can simply give yourself an injection, for example, if you are sick with diabetes. diabetic, accordingly, this leads our child to distance learning, although he could be in society and communicate with peers, which is why this is also a very important area of ​​our work. marie alekseevna, thank you very much for the conversation. kirill, thank you very much.

hello, it’s a decade of science and technology in russia. the ntv television company and the state corporation rosatom present the program we are science. science and a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. i, vladimir antokhin, i am ekaterina shugaeva. in 10 years, science will abolish aging. i waited 9 years until we will remove this program. well, especially for you, i invited optimists who believe that in 10 years science will really abolish aging, this is oleg bylina, molecular biologist, geneticist, good evening, and alexander reznik, geneticist, hello, hello, according to tradition, i guests are skeptics, alexey churov, biologist, immunologist, good evening, irina evgenievna kolobikhina, economist, demographer, good evening, at the end of the program our guests are optimists, they will make a forecast with what probability. after 10 years

science will abolish aging. our expert, professor kapustin, will tell you about the history of the fight against aging. well, as you know, people used to live much longer. the son of adam lived 900 years, noah - 950. and methuselah, well, 969 years in general, fell short of a thousand years. well, i think that the calculation was carried out then not in years, but in months. it’s just a pity that nowhere is it indicated how many years the most...

alcohol, which is infused with garlic, lived. the ancient greek herocomics tried to prolong life through moderation in everything. tibetan doctors also recommended taking galen argued that old age is not a disease, it is a condition of the body. gerantology has become a science. century, an outstanding researcher was ilya mechnikov, he believed that animal nature shortens life due to chronic poisoning by poisons that the body itself produces, and this was very close to the truth, you admire, yes, well, i have a personal question for you, and here you are you yourself are afraid of old age, and you think, when i look in the mirror, i sometimes think whether i’m beautiful or not, no, they’ll make me up the same and it will be... nothing, i every time

i look at where my wrinkles are, how old i am, and you know, i somehow didn’t think about this before, because at 20 i thought, lord, 30, that’s so far away, at 30, you think, lord, 40, it’s actually somewhere, now, when the number 50 is creeping out from behind the horizon, yes, somehow, starting to say more, it’s not the number that scares you, or even wrinkles, it’s a certain decrepitude that scares you, we’ll talk about that today , and alexey viktorovich, and how...

that is, in every era, in every society, it was a very subjective concept, well, for for example, let’s take, say, the middle ages, medieval france, some relatively poor frenchman. at the age of 30, he could already consider himself old, that is , old age was approaching for him, and if this is some kind of french medieval nobleman, accordingly he could consider himself old, well, 50 years, let’s assume, well, this is very conditional, and that is, we draw a conclusion that this is a rather subjective thing, old age depends on social status, it depends on social status, a person’s position in society, on his personal the perception of what old age is, how he behaves , of course, certainly depends on his health. this is a very collective concept, so it is difficult to answer the question unambiguously, but what is the important point here, we can always get our bearings about old age, based on life expectancy, yes, that is, what was the life expectancy, we all know that in ancient times and in the middle ages, long life was, of course,

shorter, but old age and life expectancy should never be confused, and why? because in the indicator various factors make a big contribution to life expectancy, for example, childhood... well , it’s hard for me to say exactly, but let’s say in the middle ages it could reach 40%, now, of course, child mortality is small, if i’m not mistaken, in my opinion, less than 1% it is around 0.5%. no, it’s still a little more, but we really are below the level of five for a developed country, and let’s just say we missed it, that is, five people per thousand live births have already passed, yes, hurray, well, i agree. yes, that’s why in this regard, it’s probably important to say in principle that such aging, that is, aging is a natural process of gradual deterioration in the function of the body, which leads to various disorders at the level of macromolecules, for example dna, yes, various mutations

appear, disorders at the cellular level, all this is what is natural about this, well, tell me, this is very natural, this is a very natural process in fact, i think that later we will probably...

no, that is, this is a natural process, the end result of which is inevitably the death of the organism, this is due to a decline, yes, indeed adaptation, until quite recently, some years, maybe 100 ago, we generally did not have any clear, clear understanding of what it

is in general, these are scientists, these are strange people, there is no understanding of what aging is, i, as a woman, any woman 100 years ago would have explained to you 200 years ago, the old marshaka appeared, right? as simple as they tried to fight? i don’t think that they tried in any way, well, in the sense of magic, as you just told us, that is, various - practices, and magical moderation in everything aimed at the continuation of life, but here you also need to figure it out, cleopatra swam in milk somewhere, well , that is, there were some ways, who saw where cleopatra actually swam in milk or did she swim and was it milk? it happened, there were no witnesses left, in general, you know, everyone got older, everyone got older. died, you are hiding something, it’s always like that about old age, one of the scientists is hiding something, you know everything, i know, it’s important here, it’s important to remember that, let’s say, a person without a special training in any field of knowledge, you always want to get a simple , understandable, ready-made answer, unfortunately, there are none, real scientists, they

learn more and more about less and less, until finally they begin to know everything about nothing and this also applies to aging, because gerentology is precisely a science, and not a certain set of views. ancient thinkers, there plato, aristotle and cicero, for example, it was formed and took shape only in 2007, it passed from a historical point of view, nothing at all, some years, for this time. put an end to it or come to some conclusions that you won’t give away any secrets today, how to avoid old age , let’s see, we’ll see, we’ve gathered here precisely so that the secrets will be revealed, let’s see, but after the advertisement , advertising on ntv, black sun, premiere from monday at 20:00 on ntv, we woke up, stretched, from winter and shook ourselves off, spring sales.

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it’s faster and more convenient, thank you for teaching me, this is someone else who taught whom, vtb, together everything will work out. spring sale we change clothes, change shoes, and also get a cool makeover we are buying things, i like this update, wake up, sale on ozone, vernel fabric softener for 399, seltex dress for 799, imaginarium board game for 999, help! work, there is, i’m their commander now, we need to give more will, otherwise he won’t learn anything, i’ve already

heard this somewhere, you have to run, just like that, calmly, without panic, there’s honor here, you’re a rescuer, rescuers no one is abandoned, i will not abandon you, 5 minutes of silence, final episodes, oh and the animals are thrown out. tomorrow at 20:00 on ntv. in aired the program "we are science". science and we is a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. in 10 years, science will abolish aging, i hope why people age, our expert, professor kapustin, tried to find out. aging is a process that alters body functions and interferes with physiological balance, ultimately leading to death. aging is controlled by biological processes and

genetic factors of a particular individual. the main causes of aging are: genomic damage, telomere shortening, dysfunction stem cell depletion. a person is born with information, a genome, embedded in him. the human genome contains up to 30,000 genes. cells are constantly dividing. during the division process , errors occur that accumulate during dna replication. cellular senescence occurs when a cell stops. divides and reduces its activity. senescent cells are present at all stages of human life. with age, their number increases, causing their heterogeneity. the ability of cells to divide is limited. it is regulated by telomeres which are protected by dna. the reduction of telomeres

can be compared to a time bomb, which is activated as soon as... old age, oh, but i would like to add to the discussion about what aging is, because now we are mainly talking about individuals again, about all these cells are all business, there is also the concept of population aging, when the proportion of elderly people is growing, growing, this is now observed in all developed countries,

twenty to 30% of the population, in some this proportion of elderly people is higher than...

60-67, otherwise it's been there for about a year eight is 10 less. okay, oleg valerievich, what are the causes of old age, what do we know about it today? yes, thank you, well, i represent the institute of biology and genes of the russian academy of sciences, the laboratory of academician georgiev. now you’re going to tell us all your secrets. yes, i'll try. in general, science already

knows quite a lot about what aging is. ah, but i like the approach when aging is looked at from three components, this. genetic component, biochemical actual direct causes, from which we are dying. the genetic component of aging, it is the most profound reasons that underlie all other reasons. we are only now beginning to come closer to understanding what actually underlies aging at the genetic level. there are at least three theories, but these ones that explain the genetic side of aging, i don’t know how much our dear... tv viewers need to retell them now, because they are quite complicated for now, no, you tell me the main thing, how much, how much, here is the genetic component in old age, how much it is in percentage, that is. well, life expectancy, life expectancy is a species characteristic, let's start with this, it is a species quantitative characteristic that characterizes - each species, each

species has its own life expectancy, and like any characteristic, quantitative, the contribution of genetics is from 50 to 70%, the main - this is the contribution of environmental factors, which means, i will continue about the components of aging, which means the second component is the so -called biochemical component, which means this is possible slide on the screen, this is what was prepared, in 2013 the signs were formulated, the so -called biochemical molecular causes of aging, and the formulation of these signs, it transferred the study of aging from some esoteric area to normal molecular biology, such advanced molecular biology, here they are are listed, which means that many here have already sounded the accumulation of dna damage. telomere shortening, changes in the epigenetic program, accumulation of underfolded proteins, macroautophagy disorders and others, which means i’m here listed the main five signs

of these, and now the main focus of the research is focused on them, but there are also secondary signs, which are indicated in red and green. this year , for the first time, the russian science foundation allocated a grant for the study of these five main signs of aging , for which we are very... grateful to the russian science foundation, for such support. and when will you move from studying to treatment, when will you treat it? the fact is that aging is still, well, the study of aging is now still in the stage accumulation of information and, this formulation of these biochemical signs, it is a significant step towards, towards the treatment of aging, because we can target these individual signs, that is , influence them, with the help of this change our...

research, we can conclude this do, and the remaining 70% is allocated precisely to lifestyle and those factors that come from us, from our genetics or from our biology. more broadly speaking, in general it does not depend, it turns out with a probability of 5% from genetics you can grow old, but at the same time live a long time, because the pressure is normal, and this

applies to everyone to the whole variety of so -called multifactorial diseases, there are always these genetic dice thrown in random order, although here are 570% of colleagues, so can i add also alexander olegovich, and recently in finland... a study was completed aimed at how life expectancy and the difference in life expectancy between men and women changed, but at the beginning of the 20th century this difference was approximately there, well, it reached us 15 years on average, i may not have exact figures, well, approximately, now the difference between men and women in longevity is only 5 years, well, they have genetics, it’s men who live longer or women less, men have begun to live longer, life men. between the life expectancy of men and women was very small, due to the very high maternal mortality rate, this is not so, it is precisely modern progress that is connected with the fact that

women are the first to benefit from this progress and young women have stopped dying, and how i love it when skeptics argue, no, you know, the finns demanded money, did a study, in the end i just had to ask irina, in general there is a little bit about another study, here is a study, here is an example of course . about a specific study, yes, and here, after all, it was possible to reduce this difference between men and women three times, this is due precisely to the fact that the lifestyle of men was modified, you know, they gave up rare habits, many, that is, this is a feature specifically for this particular population, this is to the question is that you have to run on a track, is it good or is it really people aging the same way, i’m just wondering, men, women, if, if the old days are measured with our tools, demographic, and by population, life expectancy. healthy or in general in life expectancy, then there is a difference between men and women, it stands out, we just talked about this, but do women in the 20th

century, at the end of the twentieth, living, for example, in the north and south, age equally? i'm afraid, i'm afraid i won't tell you the answer to this question, but i know that in general, if you look at the difference in indicators in our country, in the regions, after all, the country is large, yes, to what extent the climate influences, it’s difficult to say, then here it’s most likely not climate, although yes, there is chukotka, or some other regions of the far north,

they in general... do not show the highest indicators, but if we take the climate on one side of the scale and the economic situation on the other side, then the economic position is more important, it gives more years of life, therefore, in the north and with a good economic situation, you can ensure a good climate, in the north there are rich regions, and there in the center of russia, rich regions like moscow, show very good, good. still, to the main question for ekaterina, how is science fighting old age today, how successfully, let’s give out secrets, yes, by the way, this organically follows from the previous speech, you need to earn more, about no, about, keep in mind about cold, this is one of the approaches that it is believed that if a person does not harden there, then in general he lives, well, okay, not a person, a model organism, unfortunately, we

can mainly only talk about model organisms. a fairly simple diagram, in general, let me illustrate for you how good or bad this is, it is not clear and how today science fights aging, and by and large, by and large, this is a simple scheme, it. will allow us to understand in general where we are today, i will depict such a timeline, such a time line, yes, where, well, approximately here, i’ll note where we are now, let it be 2024, but time is moving in this direction, but somewhere from here, we don’t know how to go back yet, and we don’t know how to go back yet, when we we want to get an answer to the question: how exactly does science fight aging today, or

how effective is it today? today , problems are being solved, for example, oncology, how vigorously we are solving the problem of diabetes, obesity, mortality from respiratory diseases, the answer to everything is a simple scheme, this the scheme is actually about pace by and large, well, let’s take this example, in 1930 a study was first conducted that calorie restriction is ok, but calorie restriction has a positive effect on life expectancy in the crimea, we eat less, we live longer. by the way, there is not a single obese centenarian, this is just for reference, somewhere around here, not approximately, all biologists know quite accurately in the year fifty-three , a model of the dna molecule was discovered, which we all know, yes, everyone saw the tower evolution and so on, in in the fifty-second year they conducted a study that yeast at the end of its life cycle reduces its reproductive potential, in general, in short, it begins to feel not very good, well, yeast also ages, we found out, and thus, in the sixty-

first year an example , and hayflick discovered his theory that cells are just hayflick’s theory, or, well, hayflick’s theory, yes, that a cell can divide approximately 40 to 60 times, experts in the field of cell division will forgive me, but nevertheless the theory sounded like this so, if we look, we see that between discoveries, fundamental ones, which are based on human thought, there is quite a long period of time, that is, all of humanity works. but when we talk about aging, because anything can be included here, various engineering developments and so on, we are dealing with certain milestones, somewhere in the ninety-first year, not somewhere, or rather, quite accurately , well, give or take a month , the human genome project began, which became an international collaboration, when the whole world united , uses antediluvian methods, here everywhere we can say there are no methods for obtaining analysis of genetic data in general, there are simply no, all genetics is in its infancy, we have

a theory there. cromosomal organs there and then, well, all this is very speculative stuff, that is, there were theories here, knowledge appeared here, if yes, well, it ended, or rather began in the first place and ended in 2003, and if we get ahead of ourselves, then only at twenty in the third year, the human genome ended, because only a year ago the science magazine published an article saying that well, now we have deciphered the human genome, and then a refutation came out that we had deciphered something wrong, in general, this is a thirteen-year collaboration, it led to , what we did, or rather read the sequence of the dna molecule, but what did it give us? it’s about the same as if you pick up a menzhibau newspaper without knowing chinese , you’ll understand that something is written there in chinese, well... it’s impossible to count, and after they encrypted the human genome, which i compare with landing people on the moon, well , nasa will probably not agree, but nevertheless, with a flight into space in terms of its significance, research began to be carried out with approximately such purity, more often, how

can i draw lines here, here is the human genome project, then thousands of genomes, then a million genomes from great britain, a million arab genomes, that is, there is hope. about the fact that data appears, data, yes, a date appears, which can be genetic basically, and today we have tens of millions of data on the genomes of people, children, adults with obesity, with diabetes, with diseases of the cardiovascular system, with lung diseases, of course, covid-19 is generally huge, alone, just one database data from the genome of the virus, but the coronavirus is worth it, we have data, this also includes data from wearable devices on... for example, from the apple watch, yes, this also includes data from portable refrigerators, and of course you need, well, refrigerators, because that everyone loves refrigerators, we all live near them, here we can cite, as an example, the biobank, which is located in the uk, the biobank of moscow state university, and in general biobanks, probably

about a thousand large ones can be counted in the world today, that is, we are here and before the fight against aging, we are still we haven’t arrived yet, because they were opened around 2018. drugs, so-called senalitics, which are designed to slow down the aging process, they are now all in the research stage since the eighteenth year, it’s so surprising whether we will actually get there or not, we are not at all clear, here you everything has already been said here, eat less, live longer, no, can you imagine how much money we spent and didn’t come up with anything new, well , this is how science works, it moves in all directions, including in finding a solution, an answer to the question of aging, there is an answer, but it probably doesn’t need to be drawn on this diagram anymore. there is no exact answer, so that we can say here that we now know everything about the mechanisms of aging and how to treat it, some answers may appear in the next 10 years, but for now there is advertising on ntv. 5 minutes of silence, final tomorrow

at 20:00 on ntv. we wake up and are transformed into the spring sale. wake up, sale on ozone. adidas backpack for 990. in the spring sale we change clothes, change shoes, and also transform ourselves with cool things, we buy, i like this update, wake up, sale on ozone, vernet fabric conditioner for 399,

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vtb pensioner’s rate for pensioners on a vtb savings account is up to 18% a year, together everything will work out, we woke up, stretched, shook off the winter and shook ourselves off, during the spring sale we change clothes, change shoes, and also get transformed we're shopping for cool things, i like this update, wake up sale on ozone, adidas tracksuit for 3,499, children's zigzag bicycle for 899 absolute coffee capsules for 299 bright, laconic, romantic, new spring, new you, choose your image with spring on ozone mood, woke up, stretched, from winter and shook ourselves off, during the spring sale we change clothes, change shoes, and also get transformed with cool things, we buy, i like this update, wake up sale on... set of tifal frying pans for 2,499, kremlin dried fruit candies for

299, mask for the meskaholik face for 299. each of us holds something dear to us, honor, memory, present and future, dear, sincerely, and not... like a worn-out phrase from a sticker: we don’t throw words to the wind and don’t abandon our own, join us to yours, on the air program “we are science, science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years, in 10 years science will abolish aging!” our

expert, professor kapustin, knows how to prolong youth. well, of course, the most effective way to prolong youth is to include rejuvenating apples in your diet. true, they are quite difficult to find in the markets, but there are more realistic methods of rejuvenation. the most important thing is to keep the brain young. as we age, we lose faith in our own mental abilities. even these abilities have been preserved with us. well, at a quite high, at a good level. constant intellectual activity halves the likelihood of dementia, because many scientists made their discoveries at a very advanced age: take care of your ears, weakened hearing leads to a reduction in gray matter. listening to music for just 15 seconds a day is enough to damage your hearing. and throw away the hair dryer as quickly as possible, it harms small cells, our ears in general, they are

much older than us. physical education sports, walking in the fresh air is mandatory to maintain health. proper nutrition is extremely important. forget about sweet, high-calorie foods. obesity is harmful to the entire body. cholesterol in the arteries limits access to the brain. access to blood to the brain, but the best way to maintain youth is communication. people, social creatures, need to communicate with their own kind. a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, physical activity, a circle of beloved friends and relatives, and no old age is scary. firstly, you are a villain, this is not the apple of youth, but indeed, it is tasty, sweet harm kapustin said, but the most interesting thing is, i heard kapusti. how it contradicts itself, on the one hand, communicate and

you will live longer, on the other hand, don’t listen to anyone, because you will ruin your hearing, that ’s what i’m interested in, oleg valerievich, okay, while katya is eating and getting younger, let’s talk, yes, what you expect breakthroughs in the study of aging in the next 10 years, well , look, the fight of science against aging is that science studies aging, currently the moment has been increased, the life expectancy of all model organisms has been significantly increased, you can slide which model organisms they are, model organisms, model organisms of genetics, science, yes, these are worms, here are nemotodes roundworms. on long life by 10 times, flies, fruit flies, in particular, that's what we are working on, by 2 and a half times long life, mice, life expectancy has almost doubled . alek valerievich, when will you transfer drosophila to us? well look, 2 and a half times i will also be satisfied, if we move on to humans,

then for these organisms, approaches of genetic interventions have been developed, that is , influences, as well as pharmacological ones, all this works for them. for humans, such interventions have not yet been registered, but this is what happens, it means that you can see me, i will show a slide, it means that this is what the life expectancy curve looks like, the survival curve at the population level, i was just the presenter, it means that here you are the number of people, relatively speaking, this is the time, respectively, this is the cohort begins to die, die, so, this means that this is a common aging curve, well, let’s say, in developing countries, if we take developed countries, here i think a demographer will agree, then the survival curve looks a little like this, that is, the average life expectancy of people in developing, in developed countries, it is higher due to which, due to the fact that environmental factors, medicine, we treat everyone, we take care of everyone, we have

clean water, quality nutrition is higher, and accordingly, the average lifespan life is also higher. but the problem is that this point, yes, this point, the maximum life expectancy, this is the species limitation on life expectancy, this is probably the most interesting question, why is this so, that is, if you are a rich, wealthy person, you will probably live longer than a low-income person, but your maximum life expectancy will be exactly the same, our bid limit is how much, our species limit is 120 years, oh that’s not bad, look what a thing, but for animals, but model organisms are known like this, like this, well, that is, this is their normal state, yes, but if interventions are done, that is , anti-aging effects, yes, then life expectancy increases, average and maximum, that is , the maximum increase in lifespan when the maximum lifespan increases

life, this is essentially the fight against aging, the average life expectancy increase is the duration of a healthy period of life. these are the interventions you made to worms and flies, admit that you got them there, if we talk about the most powerful interventions, so far the strongest path is the path that is associated with food consumption, the so-called insulin pathway, it is connected with the mtor pathway, this is protein biosynthesis, this is carbohydrate consumption, that is, in fact what was shown on the board about calorie restriction was done in america not so long ago, these experiments were clinical trials. this means that limiting caloric intake by 20% in humans does not lead to a significant increase in life expectancy according to data epigenetic clocks, there is such a method when we can measure certain epigenetic markers in our cells to understand the biological age based on this, but this does not work, for example, on the same

mice, if we feed the mouse in the morning, then it sits starvation until the evening, it works, the life expectancy of mice increases, so people need it accordingly. a slightly different approach than the stomach, good, that is, you fed the worms, for example, once a day and the mice, they lived longer, but for people, how many times a day do they need there is, but look, the most powerful set of interventions now, again due to external factors that have worked, is the so-called epigenetic diet, the menthylation diet, but this diet is rich in methionine, rich, rich in folic acid, which means that methyl compounds are produced from them marks that carry out epigenetic. not what is in the products in what products this is it is everywhere, but in particular menthianine, for example, and folic acid is sold in any pharmacy, please buy, use, it’s safe, and authentically, well, to this we need to add more exercises, to this we need to add non-transmission, probiotics, and i would like

to add positive news to you all, and life expectancy, this is how we observe it, about 150 years in human... communities, this is the same average , but the maximum among the observed countries, it grows according to a linear function, that is, we haven’t even come up with boards yet, 50 years ago it seemed to us that it was 70 years on average, then 80, 90, 100, this seems to me much more important than isolated cases about which science argues, although it doesn’t matter now whether it’s 120 or 110, but we can say for sure that we are still continuing to improve. the maximum life expectancy is this average for humanity over quite a long period and we are still continuing, for which i can congratulate you, it means that it is not the limit, not the limit yet, and not the limit yet. well, i would probably highlight among those technologies

that can actually work in the near future, in principle they already work in medicine, this is such a field as biomedicine, regenerative medicine, these are all its methods approaches, they are aimed at eliminating - the very essence of a number of diseases and the very essence of what we call aging. that is, when organs deteriorate, when joints deteriorate, regenerative medicine comes to the rescue. there is a second area that is personally interesting to me, because i head the institute for the study of aging of the hermetological research center, what a wonderful institute, and this is an institute that is funded by the priority 2030 program, known at many universities, is precisely the creation of some breakthrough research, conducting breakthrough research to create relevant developments, here is one of our main researches: we are looking for new ways to diagnose alzheimer's disease, alzheimer's disease directly correlates with age. and many teams

around the world are working on this problem, not only searching for new diagnostic methods, but also treatment methods. and given the fact that there are now immunotherapeutic drugs on the market that are used to treat alzheimer’s disease, i expect that in the next 10 years new more specific drugs that will be better. used in the treatment of this disease, they will have fewer side effects, they will be more effective, i would highlight these two groups of technologies for the next 10 years, thank you very much, let's take a break for a while, advertising on ntv, large-scale projects, modern technologies, new ones. .. horizons: russia of the present and future. touch all the achievements at the main

exhibition site of the country. 131 expositions, business events, lectures, fairs, concerts and dozens of other events. everything that russia admires. immerse yourself in an incredible atmosphere of pride for your country, come to the russia forum exhibition, the program is on air, science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. so, irina. let's ask you, do you have a forecast: what is the probability that in 10 years science will abolish aging? and the abolition

of aging is immortality, aren’t we scared? let me put it at 0%. somehow it’s completely here, but now it’s scary? aging, death, we still said today that it’s not always aging, you yourself said, ends in death, the question, the question, is how we can prolong this moment - this is another, but the abolition of aging completely is the abolition of death, this is immortality. i’m not talking now about the extent to which we can push back this story, but completely abolishing aging is immortality, so zero, thank you very much, well , as an optimist, i can say that i believe that this will definitely be done within 10 years with a probability of 99%, or we will come very close to this, because now very large technologies are entrusted to so called technology... genetic or epigenetic epigenetic rollback, the meaning of epigenetic rollback is that it is possible either, with the help of genetic constructs that

are introduced into model animals, to reset this very epigenetic age of cells to well rejuvenate, developments are now underway to do this not with the help of genetic constructs, with the help of pharmacological interventions, that is, the so -called anti-aging pill, here we at the institute of gene biology advocate that we absolutely need... to give some kind of fund these are the support for these science-intensive technologies, which will fight for the lives of those who approve these technologies, plus we need a department where they would study aging and life expectancy on this topic, and in the future we need an institute of aging here in moscow, was not long ago such an institute was created in nizhny novgorod, but it should be here in moscow, in the capital of our homeland, which will unite scientists, we already have such an institute. and

most importantly, the program of the russian academy of sciences should be rebuilt financing. well, i completely agree with irina evgenievna, yes, i believe that the probability is 0%, i can explain why, this is a person from a research institute, and this is about his skeptics, this is this forecast, it is scientifically based, i can argue why this is happening, that is, you opened an institute and decided no, no, we are participating in the victory over aging, but not in 10 years, in short. look, many diseases that we live or live with, atherosclerosis, diabetes, i don’t know, banal viral infections, we have not fully learned abolish them, that is, we completely do not even have cancer, this is the first first argument, the second argument, aging is a complex process, diseases of aging are polygenic diseases, a lot of mechanisms are involved in these things, we now know about 14

the main mechanisms of aging, they are called holmarks of aging, if we want to defeat aging in 10 years, we need to make at least 10, oh, sorry, at least 14 ideal anti-aging drugs, have time to undergo preclinical, clinical trials, check in 10 years , what side effects these drugs have effects, release them to the market and make them available to the majority, that is, they were cheap, but this is impossible to do, because every pharmaceutical company invests a lot of money in the development of such drugs and they want to return them in the first years, so in 10 it has been impossible to do this for years. so zero, zero, thank you very much, alexander olegovich, well, here our skeptics, or rather realists, of course, again trample all my, yes, all my delweiss, but maybe you have a forecast, what is the probability that science will abolish aging in 10 years, i will announce the forecast a little later, i will start with simple, understandable things that are accessible to everyone, uh, a few summaries, that we eat less, eat more fiber, fiber

should be varied, this is, uh, for example, if we are talking about vegetables or fruits, that is , the stronger they are, the more complex they are, the more useful dietary fiber there is, we do not break them down ourselves, but the bacteria that live in our intestines are very fond of dietary fiber and secrete a set of useful compounds, which have a positive effect on our life expectancy, including , generally speaking, just don’t say that we need to give up meat, i will never give up meat, meat should be limited as much as possible in the diet, replacing it with some kind of fish if possible . now, of course , studies have come out that, in general, red meat is not so directly carcinogenic, it seems like there were a little flawed basic studies, but nevertheless, all thermally processed foods, they are rather less useful than what is called straight from the garden, you need to exercise for at least 30 minutes a day , walking at a brisk pace, this will be enough, you need to sleep at least 6 hours and no more than 10 hours, because you can get neurodegenerative diseases , if you step more, music, if you listen, then not

at maximum volume, monitor vascular health, what everyone can do right now, vascular health, including brain vessels, that is, just a lipid profile, can and is doing , how is that would consider that we are doing this, then with what probability is science to abolish aging, science will not abolish aging, but it has done everything possible so that with a probability of approximately 95% people live their lives with dignity until 120, at least 95%, thanks a lot. volodya, well, according to the forecast of our guests, according to the forecast of our guests, with a probability of 48.5% science will abolish shutters, of course, less than half, of course, in 10 years, that’s it, the skeptics ruined everything, that’s just in 10 years, ok, in 10 years science won't abolish aging, okay, but i’m already satisfied that if we can live our optimal age there until 120, that would be great, but remember the condition, less.