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tv   Mi i nauka  NTV  June 14, 2024 1:05am-2:01am MSK

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a viable program, and here, by the way, this is how far we can calmly follow - the sovereign path, that is , is everything in order here with import substitution, or are there some nuances that, in general, unfortunately, we will have to think about? well, the president of the country has set the task of achieving scientific and technological sovereignty, and we are trying to do everything necessary so that we can be independent in solving a whole range of special problems. you know, after all, science is such an international component, we must work in close contact with scientists around the world whenever possible, but as for those moments that solve the country’s security issues, we must be absolutely sovereign, this is the same case, of course, antibiotics and antibacterial drugs, this is the case where there is a direct safety link. security of the country, and
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we should be responsible for sovereignty in this direction. valovich, thank you very much for the conversation. thank you for the invitation. hello, it’s a decade of science in russia and technologies, the ntv television company and the state corporation rosatom present a program, we are science, science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years, i am vladimir antokhin, i am ekaterina shugaeva and in 10 years science will defeat obesity, i would like, of course , earlier, but okay, let’s at least in 10 years, let’s win, finally, that’s a terrible word, that’s why.
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they believed that a warrior, or just any healthy person, cannot be fat, if you are fat, go train from morning to evening until you lose weight, here in the monastery in alkabas, which is portugal, the entrance door to the refectory was made specially narrow, if you don’t pass through, please fast and sit on bread and water. in the middle ages, excess weight and a round shape again became a sign of status. and after the renaissance
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, everyone wanted to become fat, well, look, for example, at the beauties from rubins’ paintings. in russia, by the way, they also loved plump women; it was believed that a portly woman would give birth to healthy children. oh, today, thanks to cheap high-calorie food, obesity has become a real epidemic, as a result of hundreds millions of people suffer from shortness of breath, varicose veins, diabetes and... they worry that they won’t fit into last year’s jeans, but the recipe for losing weight is simple, as the great actress faina ranevskaya said, you need to eat less, you need to eat less, you know, how would she also she said another phrase that life is too short to waste it on greedy men and diets, that’s how women can understand you after this, so... but i have a question for you: how
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do you fight excess weight? but i don’t fight with him, i generally think that it’s not a matter of kilograms, but quality. and me too, by the way, i think that women should be so dense, but not fat, just so dense, appetizing, muscular, and by the way, how do you fight excess weight and lose, with varying success, yes, here is alexander viktorovich, when people faced obesity and how did attitudes change in general? that obesity is a problem, but i note that there is a very interesting review by an economist, i note vogel, who looked at the change in human weight over the last 300 years, that is, the 18th century, and it turned out that in the pre-industrial era, in fact...
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18 to 25, from 25 to 30 is overweight and above thirty is obesity, so when we talk about understanding obesity, it is advisable not to confuse overweight with obesity, because it is precisely the association with diseases and mortality that is obesity , but
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in general the last point connected with this is what we usually talk about in art and literature, obesity has always... been associated precisely with the inability to control oneself, with vulgarity in essence , an attitude towards, well, let’s say, a low socio-economic class , that is regret is a bad thing, unlike being overweight. elena nikolaevna, when did people actually start struggling with excess weight, and how did they do it before, well, when did they notice such a problem? yeah, well, actually the question is valid, and professor kapustina talked about this, that back in ancient greece the veil was removed.
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in fact, although professor kapustin told us that obesity is a disease, i don’t want to upset anyone, no, obesity is not a disease, and if you, that is, remember the story of the goose with its liver, yes, which flagra, when they did it, almost any person, if you put him in this, that is, do not allow him to move and overfeed him with food, we will get obesity, colleagues, that is, this is not a disease, another question is that excess weight, especially visceral fat . it certainly aggravates the situation, yes , that is, in fact, 100 kg may look different, but if it is 100 kg of fat and 100 kg of muscle, it apparently has a different effect on health, of course, and fat, if it is subcutaneous yes or there is glutoferal, that’s quite an ass not the fat that is the belly, what did they do, but
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here we need to understand approaches to treatment, to attempts to fight obesity, they approached it from several positions, well, in fact, we are now deciding this too, which means... there is etiotropic treatment, that is when we know the cause and treat the disease, and there is a pathogenetic one, that is, they are fundamentally different in the following: etiotropic after all, again, this is not a disease, which means, accordingly, this is an imbalance of incoming energy and waste, and, accordingly, etiotropic treatment is balance, that is, do not overeat and exercise accordingly, but the situation is as follows, the fact is that pathogenetic treatment, that is, when you need to lose... you need to lose weight at least to some decent numbers, then maintain it, yes ? so for this , various approaches are used, these are therapeutic with the help of drugs and surgical, this is when they failed therapeutically, but most often this happens, here we need to understand the strategy: with drugs we
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we reduce weight to normal, and then with our lifestyle, maintaining balance, we maintain our achieved, so to speak, happiness, but the problem is precisely that the hardest strategy is precisely a change in lifestyle, because the human brain is very lazy, he is ready to work under a pattern, that is, he always does the same thing so as not to strain himself, so we find ourselves in this place, let’s take a break for a while, i’ll go see what’s in the refrigerator, an advertisement on ntv. alex the fierce, the case of the orphans, premieres monday at 20:00 on ntv. expert in treating thrush. flew. both answers are correct, in the sense, flucostat are capsules, and flucovac are vaginal suppositories, both drugs are able to influence the cause of thrush and alleviate its symptoms after a single use, flucostat or flucovac, each has its own way of getting rid of thrush, vkfest is the main event of the summer,
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, hang up, whoever the scammers pretend to be, to get money out of you, hang up without talking. the program is on air, we are science, science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. in 10 years, science will defeat obesity. at the end of the program our guests are optimists skeptics will make a prediction with what probability in 10 years? science will defeat obesity, but alas, it is difficult to defeat obesity, says our expert, professor kapustin. looking at myself in the mirror, especially in profile, it becomes clear to me that the last chance for me is if science defeats obesity. obesity is a serious problem not only for the individual, but the ever -increasing costs of treatment for all fat people. thirty%. are obese, and another 25% are overweight. one way to determine
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obesity is to calculate your body mass index. the norm is from 18 to 25. an additional parameter of obesity is waist size. 94 cm for men and 80 for women. excess weight has a lot of negative consequences. this is ischemic.
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calls obesity, so in general how is the diagnosis made and is it made? of course, you are absolutely right, the diagnosis is made, and i do not agree, at this stage with elena nikolaevna, deeply respected, after all , obesity is a disease, and the endocrinological community is absolutely sure of this, and if we are talking about the fact that human the body is formed in such a way that if he wastes energy, i often give an example. from the past of our humanity, when a person ran after a mammoth, he caught up with it, spending a large amount of energy, and then for a long time he consumed this mammoth, feeding his family, reimbursing, as if compensating for this energy, this exchange of energy consumption and its expenditure, it is inherent actually in the genetic material, and there is a whole
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cascade of genes that predispose to storing energy. or, if certain disorders exist, do not store energy, or store it in excess, it is important under what conditions, but this genetic information is realized, so we now live in conditions of excess energy production, our entire culture, all our achievements of civilization, they are aimed at storing energy, but not spend, and cars, yes, on transport from from the cabin from the bed from your own... in the morning to the office and back, practically, if we don’t go to the fitness club every day, don’t swim in the pool, crawl or butterfly, then we practically are unable to spend it the amount of energy that we consume in these large portions that we now eat, mainly carbohydrate foods, it is absolutely true that obesity has always been considered an attribute -
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average and lower on the social ladder of this status, but now... people really have the opportunity to plan your life more harmoniously, spend energy, play sports, eat not fast food, in gourmet restaurants, remember what a gourmet dish looks like, this is the path to the fight against obesity, to victory, until we use and come to the conclusion that our nutrition should be reduced in volume by... dozens of times, with this amount of physical activity that we have on average in our lives, we will never cope with this problem, so at the moment, this is really a disease, it is growing, the worst thing is, unfortunately, we are heading to the point that the future generations that we are raising now, who are now
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being born and are children, they will practically, well, tenfold... increase quantity obese members of their society, well , we’ll talk about the future today, yes, yeah, childhood obesity is increasing significantly, and this is a very big problem. what, elena nikolaevna, and what harm does it cause, what, well , in general, what’s bad about obesity, but they said that obesity in itself is not harmful, it causes some kind of diseases, which ones, let’s say, they say, here’s a good person there should be a lot, but i know that, okay, with a person it may be ... not applicable, but here’s a good one like this , look, there should definitely be pigs a lot, that’s fatty, and what ’s wrong with that, look, she feels great, she will become even bigger, that is, she will feel even better, she will be even happier, in fact, we don’t know how the pig feels, yes she can’t tell us about it, she wags her tail joyfully,
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she wags her tail joyfully, but she just doesn’t yet know why she is actually being raised, but - such a thesis that there should be a lot of good people, it is of course unjustified, because obesity is not only a purely aesthetic problem, yes, because a person who, well, it’s true, not all, but most people who are overweight, they are dissatisfied with themselves, most often, but we are talking about something else: firstly, excess body weight is a direct path to such, i really, as a technologist, should talk in the presence of doctors about diseases - it is necessary for humanity to eat, but in reality, of course, excess body weight is , first of all, the path to diabetes, it is
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a load on our joints, because it is too much, well, to carry several kilograms , well imagine a sack of potatoes on one shoulder, half a sack on the other, a person is constantly in this state, pressure on our joints, abrasion of interarticular... discs, and arthritis, arthrosis and corresponding diseases. in addition, excess body weight is primarily an increase in cholesterol in the blood, these are the same atherosclerotic plaques that are deposited in blood vessels, and these are strokes and heart attacks. just look at the statistics on heart attacks and strokes, they are simply terrifying. natalya georgievna, well, if so everything is terrible, so why do we need fat anyway?
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jumps there, rides on something and so on, by the way, instead of electric scooters it would be better if they rode bicycles, that’s it, what can be done next, especially since we have a technologist, yes, the quality of the food that comes for us, firstly, food must be of high quality, the question is not only in quantity, just first of all in quality, that is, a peak in glucose in the blood after a person eats, yes, high-quality food does not lead to this. we strive for food with low glycemic index, that is, we have a feeling of fullness, but at the same time, we do not give in only to the problems of our body. further - this, well, this probably adds
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to this, i don’t know, perhaps, still possible yes, even okay, well actually yes, i agree, okay, 15, agreed, i didn’t tell you, you yourself, further, means physical activity. these are our arms and legs, which means that if we look at the statistics on the impact of a long life, and what is important to us is the length and quality of life, in fact, obesity in this sense does not even affect as much as low physical activity, that is, after smoking, well, there are only six main reasons, smoking is naturally the first and lack of regular physical activity, this is the third reason, that is, by... 150 minutes a week - this is a minimum load, and you don’t have to actually run in the gym, you can... wash
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the apartment, if the apartment is large, yes, that will also be here, in fact, it’s the other way around, many of my girlfriends say, no, well, we ca n’t go to the gym because legs, arms, so we're kind of overweight, i say, wait a minute, being overweight has nothing to do with the gym, the gym only affects the quality of your body, and to avoid being overweight, you just have to not eat, don't eat and move, actually move, it's not about the gym, 30 years in medicine, eat less, move more, yes, yes, the gym won’t help, of course. says that the subscription has ended, that’s not the problem, i say to one excellent knowledgeable person, yes, you know, no one has canceled the concept of country fitness, yes, these are the best loads, that in the fresh air, then, well, of course, we are talking about medicine, we are now, well, i’m showing this, let’s say, an injection, yes, and the medicine is orally, that is , taken by mouth, this is actually, yes, the remaining percentages, now i know that there are, let’s say, new popular drugs, well, from
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the program is on air, science and we, a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. in 10 years, science will defeat obesity. here's how defeat obesity, ours knows. in many cases, obesity can be overcome not only by medical methods, although this requires enormous willpower. first of all, you need to reduce the amount of food, especially the food you like. your menu should be approximately 50% carbohydrates, 30% fat and 15% protein. naturally, you need to monitor your overall calorie level. play sports, walk as much as possible, and don’t forget about a bottle of water, as strange as it may sound, you need good sleep, because it is known that if you sleep less than 6 hours, you gain weight,
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after all, a lack of strength affects the hormonal balance, but if willpower still leaves you, medications can come to the rescue; they can be divided into the following groups: appetite suppressant, drugs for enhancing metabolism, drugs for not breaking down fats, which leads to reduced digestibility, and many others. alas, alas, they all have side effects; in any case, medical advice is necessary. so i’m sitting here, writing this text, eating a pie with jam and dreaming of a miracle pill, i ate it right away at least minus one.
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then of course it would help, but i must say that there are really congenital forms of obesity, such so -called monogenic forms of obesity, the development of which in a child, these are situations that develop from childhood, they are the result of a mutation in some gene, and we have learned to treat these diseases, there are already examples of the cure of children of our patients, weight, for example, 180 kg, was discovered. that his child was found to have a mutation, for example, in the leptin gene, and a personal drug has already been created for him, and so on further, that is, this is a certain line of genes, if we are talking about a wide mass, and a wide pool of patients, unfortunately, i
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repeat that these are patients, then of course it is not neuroendocrine changes that will help here, this is the fact that we are wasting energy . that we received with food, now there is an observation that the most successful business is precisely the gastronomic business, these are various fast foods, these are ... different types of restaurants, these are various fast food stores, and we buy a huge amount, not healthy products, let's do it this way, we are not opening opera houses, but we are opening food stores and restaurants, absolutely right, so if we do not cope with this situation together, then our children will continue to increase their weight, and i want to remind you, what if, for example, a child has a weight during the first year, a one-year-old child is more than 10 kg, this is it... the path to an endocrinologist in order to find out
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why: either he has a monogenic form of obesity, or he is being overfed by our wonderful relatives and most basic, productive, and we are now practicing this, we have created such a school, and the ways to combat obesity in children and adults are family-based forms of schools, as well as educational ones, when a plump child comes to us, we take it into our arms, excuse the expression all of him... i read that the number of fat cells is formed before the age of 3, that is, until the age of 3 , a child should actually be fat, then the number of fat cells does not change throughout his life, if until he was 3 years old , they stuffed him like this, stuffed him, they laid a lot of them, then then he suffers all the time, so where does all this talk from mothers in adolescence mean he will lose weight, well, let's dispel this myth: nothing... whoever loses weight anywhere, the child should be thin, the child should be
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balanced, his body mass index should be, as we have already said here, from 18 to 25, and this is normal, but if, by the way, if a woman gained more than the same 10 kg during pregnancy, then this also indicates that something was wrong during pregnancy so, either with her metabolism, or the child has some problems, and this is also a situation that... must be resolved in the future both during pregnancy and during childbirth, that is, not only the first years of life lay the foundation for health and normal adipose tissue, but also the period of pregnancy, when the baby is in utero, a huge number of blocks of information we actually the whole society should know you and should know you in order to get away from that path of consumption without costs to form healthy children and a healthy future generation.
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i actually said today: i’m eating a pie with jam, you can make such a pie in which i don’t know, low glycemic index, it will be, i don’t know, from fiber, you know, the problem is that now, firstly, food has become accessible, secondly, food has become... well, to a greater extent we eat refined food , and we spend almost no calories on getting food, let alone preparing it, we ordered it at a restaurant and it was delivered, we get everything we want without leaving the computer, moreover, not only, well, let’s say, now after all, look, it’s a big problem to buy a product that has minimal ingredients, composition of fields. in which there are practically no food additives that are aimed at
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enhancing taste, enhancing color, aroma, you force the child to eat a neutral product that does not have a pronounced taste, he will not eat it, it is tasteless because he likes to crunch on chips, that’s the most a harmonious combination, and pleasant for human tastes - fat, sugar, salt, and crunch, so now... there are attempts to label products, well, let's say, healthy products, yes, that is, a green signal is good, high-quality and healthy products, yellow - let's say, so-so, but red should be excluded from your diet, here, probably, we need to talk not about a ban from the state, but about the formation of correct eating behavior, why not do the same thing , well, what kind of half-measure is this, well, for some reason, well, let’s teach the population about proper nutrition, right.
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there are already first steps in this regard, because if you know, last year a federal project to combat diabetes was launched, and money for the implementation of this project is now being taken from where, last year excise taxes were introduced on sweet
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drinks, we ensured that producers of sweet drinks pay taxes to the state. which, unfortunately, is not yet spent on prevention and care for obesity, on allocating funds to organize proper medical care, supplying patients with diabetes mellitus, but with the necessary medications, we also hope, it is very important that children with diabetes mellitus for the account of this program throughout the country will receive funds for free starting last year continuous monitoring, these are the first steps that... the state is taking in this regard, and if a business wants to deal with products that cause harm, it must, there is such a system, it must pay into the healthcare system so that we can to implement measures to treat these patients, it is advisable to cope with these
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treatment tasks as quickly as possible, to begin with prevention , to go to the beginning of the path, to treat it is already too late, too late, yeah.
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look, there is a camel, he - when everything good, she puts more in her hump, more fat, so she creates reserves when , accordingly, with water from him, you want to ride, well, pet her, she’s just so good, wow, by the way, yes, who are we? we learned in the program that these are actually fat humps, there is no water there, fat is stored there, and nothing interferes with it.
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you see, she’s cheerful, cheerful, she’s even giving katya rides, uh-huh, okay, she’s done all the work, she’s done everything, yes, well, get off, carefully, so stop me, please, now, i don’t know how it stops, there are no pedals, no pedals no, but a person, he, unfortunately, is not a camel, but maybe fortunately, so naturally, these attempts to fight weight, these, these diets, this this... sport, this is a lot of stress for the body, it’s big, it’s a little, a little stress for the body, yeah, so, it’s a pleasure, well, you refuse, but it seems to me that the fight against obesity is just la-la-la, like in the movie later it’s like that , yes, only here,
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you need to do the same, but about half an hour, so no question, let’s run the program while it’s spinning, i i’ll ask my question, so, this is really a lot of stress for the body, and it doesn’t matter, well, it’s unknown what is more dangerous, either experience constant stress from these diets, from this sport, then get upset that it doesn’t work, because i also read statistics that about one out of 500 people who have lost weight, as a result, maintain this weight, the rest still return to the weight they had and even gain more, so it’s more dangerous to try all the time... answer for everyone, so lucky, let's do it again let's divide overweight obesity, correlation, mortality morbidity is associated with
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obesity, that is, a body mass index above thirty, we must fight this, and yes, it is real, excess weight, no, a direct correlation with the problems has not yet been found, that's what you say stress - and generally speaking, going into depression due to dieting. blocks, obesity carries a risk of developing diabetes mellitus; against the background of obesity, the risk of developing
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diabetes mellitus increases 5 and a half times, the risk of developing cancer pathology increases by one and a half times, the development of pathology gastrointestinal tract, lung pathology and so on, this is the problem of obesity, when visceral fat really predominates, it envelops all internal organs, it is this obesity that is considered harmful and is very important. the next thing, dear colleagues, the fact is that it was absolutely clearly shown that what cannot be done categorically, you cannot starve, because one day of fasting is transferred, the body is programmed to store for almost a year, you cannot starve, because we have not evolved when we were running after mammoths, excuse me, of course, we ate this mammoth, probably once a month, the rest of the time we had to just run after it, and since we have not evolved, as they just said, our body... is capable of starvation and storage, but in during fasting , he must eat something, stocking must accordingly alternate with fasting, so
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in any case he only ends up storing, but no, that’s just the question, so that later you have enough food - accordingly, for a long fast , we are moving to a more economical regime, and here is another subtle point, when we use the term “diet”, it always has a very bad effect on patients, because it is usually restriction. this limits you in some way, so it’s better to use the term diet, adequate diet, that is, you should receive no more energy than you expend, 1,200 kilocalories, 1,500, well, it ’s there, this calculation is quite simple, that’s what you need to understand one more subtle point, we divide it into two parts, first, we reduce it to normal weight, or to the desired weight, then this weight should maintain, so this period with...
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it will then take revenge with these additional kilograms, which will be almost impossible to part with, so in fact , you should never limit the body, revenge is very cruel, so you come home in the evening and ask , dear, what do we have in our diet today, and your answer is nothing, nothing crispy, everything is boiled, advertising on ntv, we have five terrorists on the bus. well, gentlemen of the jury, maybe we’ll continue the trial, everyone was tried, everyone was acquitted, that’s it it’s good how good it is for everyone, you, everyone who died
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through our fault will not be dreamed of later, attention to all groups, let’s get ready for the assault, gossip, the finale, that’s all, the last parade is coming, tomorrow 20:00 on ntv. there is a science program on air and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. dear guests, optimists and skeptics, i have a question for you all: what is the likelihood that science will defeat obesity? well, alexander viktorovich, today you have to answer for everyone again. let's start with you. well let's do the third one once again, for the last time i repeat, let’s separate obesity and overweight, and regret can be overcome by 75%, i’m sure, but i don’t think so. we can handle it, i think we can handle it if we leave people who are simply overweight alone. 75%,
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thank you very much. i won’t be so optimistic, but i don’t believe at all that in the near future, a decade, 10 years - in fact, very little even for, well , even for one person, not to mention for humanity, then again active an advertising medium that promotes us to us, so we come to the store and bright advertisements eat me, buy me, take me bright, rich, high-calorie...
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i admit that monogenic forms of obesity in children, we can deal with them, and a whole range of new innovative drugs will be developed for them, there is a large line of drugs for correcting level of eating behavior, at the level of the stomach, at the level of the hunger center, at the level of taste buds and so on, that is, the range of drugs that cope with obesity is very large, if we are talking about... morbital obesity, that is, obesity when the weight is higher 150 kg or a body mass index above 40, here it is possible to cope with the help of drugs, and there is that very bariatric surgery, which i am not a fan of at all, but nevertheless it gives good results when hope for any other, these forecasts, so in 10 years we will probably percent.
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nutrition, you can’t go hungry, you can’t overeat, you can’t rush when you eat, yes, in order to be satiated, it’s also important to sleep well and correctly, great, and 10,000, yes, that’s 10,000 steps a day, these are colleagues, that is, this then, then that, about what 10%, 10%, 10%, thank you very much, volodya, well, expected only with
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a probability of 32.5%, what? science will defeat obesity in 10 years, it’s sad, of course, yes, the trends are bad, they are increasing, the worst thing is that the problem is in children with obesity, with overeating, and you also know, by the way, what ’s scary is that the entire industry, for example, advertising, marketing , in general, half of the business is focused only on making a profit, they use all their colossal tools to advertise food, food, food, no one advertises art galleries, no one advertises bicycles, food, food, food, if only, you know, it also seems to me that no, it also seems to me that the problem is that this food is not advertised by positive gods, for example, people, yes, but rather attractive, slender ones young people who gathered in a cafe to drink sweet soda and eat a burger.

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