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Understanding 9/11tv Rossiiskaya diplomatiya NTV July 21, 2024 7:00am-8:01am MSK
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and the usa. the country is plunging into an era of popular violence, as historians later christen that period. news of the explosion of violence in tokyo is causing chicken reactions. over the coming months, all of japan will be shaken by protests. the next day, the government of the land of the rising sun declares martial law, prime minister taro katsura and his cabinet resign. order in the capital will be restored by the evening of september 7. that's how it is in the land of the rising sun. you can often hear that the russian-japanese war turned into an incredible defeat for russia, and the portsmouth peace treaty of 1905, well , almost a national disgrace, well, let’s try to figure it out, but unrest in japan itself, dissatisfaction with the results of the war, the hasty and forced resignation... of the japanese
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prime minister, is this how success is met, a victorious country, and the fact is that japan was counting on rich compensation as a result of negotiations with russian diplomats. having not received what they wanted, the japanese also perceived the treaty of portsmouth as a national disgrace, hardly an unequal surrender. having won the battlefield, japan lost the war diplomatic. all the great powers, already under the father of nicholas ii, alexander ii, peacekeepers were preparing for a big war, for a new redistribution of the world. alexander received the nickname peacemaker for successfully preventing this. under him, the russian empire refused to participate in any military alliances; without russia’s participation, the world war could not take place. alexander ii called on all countries to stop the arms race and abandon the idea of mass mutual destruction. the same policy was continued by his son nicholas ii. all know the hague convention of 1899, but not everyone remembers that it was adopted on the initiative. and under
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powerful pressure from russia. the following issues were discussed: easing the lot of wounded prisoners of war, a 5-year moratorium on dropping bombs from balloons, and the non-use of explosive bullets; then, by the way, they tried to ban the triangular bayonet as inhumane. historians are inclined to think that nicholas ii sought to avoid a major war in europe, to secure his western borders, and therefore was interested. it is about reducing tensions, disarmament and the main idea that was promoted at this conference was not the resolution of conflicts between states by military means, all issues should have been resolved on an equal basis, but in fact this was russia’s first attempt to create a semblance of a collective security system, it was partially successful, but only partially because the convention that was adopted was implemented, so to speak,
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selectively, for example, the british in the angloburg war did not adhere to any conventions at all, but during the russian war the japanese followed the convention to the core, right up to to mekad's letters of gratitude to the russian emperor, where he admired the courage of russian soldiers, officers and sailors. by order of nicholas, foreign minister count mikhail muravyov sent a note to all russian ambassadors, they obliged. call on world powers for peace. nicholas's foreign policy at the beginning of his reign was aimed primarily at developing expansion into the far east. in the west, he preferred to maintain the status quo in every possible way to defuse the situation in order to be able to act in the east. this and construction of the trans-siberian railway, construction of the chinese chinese eastern railway, after the signing of the union treaty. with china,
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a joint demarche with germany and france against japan about the annexation of the kwantung peninsula, which we leased from china for 25 years, all this was very disliked by, well, firstly, japan, but japan was ready to recognize our rights to this peninsula , if we recognized japan's rights to control in china. nicholas ii turned his gaze to the east, the future of russia in asia, under this motto nicholas begins his board, but how quite quickly. it turns out that japan, which has recently opened up to the world , does not feel any reciprocal feelings towards us. while the japanese government was headed by marquis hirabumi ito in tokyo, they were cautious with russia, but in 1901 his place was taken by the new prime minister, prince taro katsuro. he will remain in power for only 4 years, but during this time he will manage to do a lot of things. but in 902, the russian government made, in my opinion, a fatal mistake, not considering japan a serious adversary and not...
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negotiating with it at all, it immediately took advantage of this the british empire, which considered that the strengthening of russia was contrary to its interests and the united states of america. our relations with the americans deteriorated greatly after that. how they, having received alaska, did not gain access to our siberia, which they really counted on, but our strengthening in china generally went beyond the scope of any common sense, in their opinion, so in 902 england signed an alliance treaty with japan, violating their brilliant isolation, as they put it, and japan is actually part of the club great powers, immediately arm themselves, the americans paid for all this, and japan begins to really prepare for war with russia, which, in general, happened. katsura. first of all, he puts squarely the most pressing issues in relations with russia, here the lease of port arthur, and in general the presence of russia in korea and the fate of manjuria, with it china, the railway, the russian fleet in the pacific ocean. how to resolve these issues, peace or war? katsuriya doesn’t care, his position
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is tough, like his character, the main thing is to decide. in russia there are both supporters of the military conflict resolution, as well as diplomatic. supporters of a military solution are grouping around. admiral alekseev and the so-called bezobrazov glue, who dreamed of making a profit from the exploitation of the wealth of korea and manzhuri. the peace party is headed by sergei yulievich witte, the future prime minister of russia. nicholas ii, with his characteristic indecisiveness, leans first towards one, then towards the other. witta was preparing russia for a big war, which was in the interests of england, france and the usa. and emperor nicholas and many of his courtiers, they wanted to spend their energy on a small war with japan. with a people they believed to be less civilized, russia took out large loans from france and great britain, these loans were mainly from the rothschild bank, these loans were used for the industrial revolution in
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russia, first of all, as you know, witta was initially a minister russian railways, this was used for construction. railway networks in the russian empire, the behind-the-scenes games ended in the summer of 1903, the war party won, or rather, it won in st. petersburg adventurism, everyone dreamed of a small victorious war, no one took into account the real forces of japan. russia stood on the eve of the first proletarian revolution, 905-907. it was very difficult to cope with... the increasing and widespread unrest and protests of workers, which is why the minister of the interior von plebe recommended that the russian government, without naming japan,
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conduct a small victorious war somewhere that would distract the russian people, including speaking out... means against tsarism and capitalist organizations, parties, trade unions, which at that time were already being created, turning attention to the war. in response, on february 6, 1904, japan broke off diplomatic relations with russia; shortly after midnight on february 8, torpedoes from japanese destroyers destroyed three ships of the russian squadron stationed in the roadstead of port arthur. the russo-japanese war revealed a number of serious problems both within russia and in japan. none of the countries, in fact, were ready for a serious big war. we had a trans-siberian railway, but its capacity was insignificant, we could not transfer a large number of troops. those troops that
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were at that moment in the theater of military operations were insufficient for a decisive victory. on the other hand, japan faced such losses that are easy. was not ready, besides, japan had never really fought against such a serious enemy before, it got to the point that the japanese commanders were already going to write a letter of repentance to the emperor that they could not defeat the russians, at that moment the russians retreated. let's not touch now political aspects of defeat, but japan very quickly exhausted all possible resources, moreover, they had a colossal crisis and the japanese were ready to ask for peace, and this meant defeat. about the war, in fact, we did not fight with japan, the americans and the british fought with us with the hands of the japanese, and everyone understood this perfectly well, as a result we got the first russian revolution, when it came to sending the second pacific squadron, excitement began in the fleet, battleship potemkin, fortress busters and so on,
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it became, to put it mildly, not up to japan, as a result we got the peace that we got, the expectation of a quick victory did not come true, for neither side, brilliantly thought-out plans... got stuck in the heroic resistance of the russians, even winning the japanese carried such colossal losses, that their commanders wanted to commit suicide, the war dragged on, revolutionary movements began in russia, it was time... to end, the united states acted as a mediator in resolving the conflict and agreed to organize negotiations on its territory in the city portsmood. the japanese took the initiative to hold peace negotiations with russia, although they won victories on the battlefield over russian troops in manchuria and korea, their forces, including financial ones, were cut off and... they understood perfectly well that increasing
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the capacity of the trans-siberian railway, which was being built at that time, it would allow the russian government to increase troops in manchuria and wage a more successful war with japan, it was necessary at the peak of those achievements that existed by the fifth year, port arthur fell, as we know, passed. the battle of tsushima, shameful for tsarist russia, was chosen to ask the american president roosevelt, who is confused with franklin roosevelt, it was theodore roosevelt, to convince the tsar to go to these negotiations. unexpectedly, emperor nicholas had a new problem: all his confidants, that is, precisely those who had recently persuaded him to fight. they refuse to go to negotiations, they can be understood, defeat at the front, japanese landing on
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sakhalin, and even as a negotiator instead of the soft, evasive hiru bumi ito, whom they wanted to send first, the uncompromising kamura jutaru went, you can’t agree with such a person, as if in mockery of the emperor’s demand to send anyone but witt, fate decrees just the opposite, the disgraced serge, recently removed from all posts, is going to portsmouth. in the russian government there were two points of view regarding peace negotiations with japan, one side, primarily the military , presented it as a shame and demanded the continuation of the war, but the other, the so-called peace party, which included in particular witte, they warned that they needed to stop before they were seriously affected. on the territory of their own russia, although by this time
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the japanese had already captured the island of sakhalin, which was the sovereign territory of the russian empire. this is a star show, a grand finale, what a finale, in this finale i will do what i do best, get a divorce. kir - participates in the show until it hits again. moscow and beijing have recently become very close. he says: last beijing, very moscow friendship. i want to understand why people are dying in our village. yes because you paint them. what are you, fools, who is this? yes, i got microloans, this is their collector. money is dust, and i... a vacuum cleaner, i’m a little worried, as before sparring i don’t want to blow dmitry malikov,
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the tv channel. autographs, he gladly allows americans to come to him every day to ask for correspondents, in one of his interviews he said: russia is a great empire that has had a little trouble. and when
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witta was traveling from new york by train to portsmouth, then publicly shook hands with the locomotive driver. it seems like something insignificant now. then such a gesture by a high-ranking official caused a storm of delight among the americans. world diplomacy has never seen such behavior before. from the outside, it seemed simply inconceivable that a representative of the country, who seemed to have lost the war and the torn revolution, behaved so calmly and confidently. the americans were amazed by the russian diplomat's self-control, his willingness to seek compromises and negotiate even with the stern and unyielding japanese. and if earlier, even despite the treacherous attack.
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contribute to meeting japanese requirements and conditions. at the same time , the american government approached our delegation, urging us not to take tough positions on certain issues. at the very beginning of the negotiations, the japanese solemnly conveyed their peace terms, which included mandatory 12 points. witt accepted them completely casually, without even looking at them, he said that he would study them at his leisure. in the meantime, despite the fact that the negotiations were supposed to be secret, sergei yulievich gives orders. create a leak to the press. the strict demands of the japanese become public knowledge. the press portrays japan as bloodthirsty predators who only care about money and new territories. and they
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are indifferent to the fate of the peoples of korea and china drawn into the conflict. they demanded departure from manchuria, complete freedom of economic, political and financial military activities in korea. rent port arthur. distant, disarmament of vladivostok, ban on using the trans-siberian railway for military purposes, only for economic purposes, unhindered free fishing in russian waters in the japanese, okhotsk and beling seas, the so-called four nos of nicholas ii were known, namely no territorial concessions, no indemnities, no... transfer of the japanese fleet, as they demanded, and refusal to transfer any property, including railways,
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which were also claimed by the japanese. as a result, having agreed on all points except two, the payment of indemnity and the fate of sakhalin, the negotiations reach a dead end. the japanese reproach v for acting like a winner. and here vitta responds with a phrase that has gone down in history. the fact is that from the very beginning the japanese demanded all of sakhalin as a prize or indemnity, as a result, as they believed,
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their victory. the tsar categorically refused to satisfy the territorial demands of the japanese, but president roosevelt instructed his ambassador in st. petersburg to meet directly with nicholas ii to convince. compromise to sacrifice half, that is , southern sakhalin, threatening that the japanese , if the war continues, may seize vladivostok already has entire regions that are actually russia. for the japanese, such conditions are a pathetic sop, but the american press is now on the side of the russians. witte drove japan into zukzwank, where any move would worsen its position. head of the japanese. the delegation has no choice but to say: japan withdraws its demand for indemnities and agrees to the division of sakhalin. in russia
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, the ruling circles, of course, supported the results of the negotiations; moreover, the tsar was pleased and elevated witta to the title of count, but publicists, observers, and intellectuals, including simple. they believed that russia had suffered a shameful defeat. the response was much more serious in japan. already on september 5, when the signing of the porsmuda peace treaty was announced, unrest began in tokyo. nationalist right-wing forces organized huge rallies in hibiya park, which is right next to the road from... the palace, demanding to continue the war or seek indemnity from russia, they moved out of the park. to
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the ministry of the interior, where the prime minister was said to be hiding, they used battering rams to knock out doors and deal with members of the japanese government. thus , the diplomatic war was won and the portsmund peace treaty was signed, the terms of which could have been much worse for russia if not for the work of russian diplomacy. such controversial... the terms of the agreement were much closer to the russian than to the japanese peace program. after returning to his homeland, vitta will be received very unkindly; just remember his nickname, count paul in sakhalin. however, it was witt’s diplomacy that proved that if conducted correctly, then even military defeat can be turned into relative victory. every day i am ashamed that i have a son like you, it would be better if you died and not your brother. i beg you, save me.
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helpvbede.rf. february 10, 1918. brest-litovsk. the second stage of desperate negotiations between the soviet and german delegations is underway. about a separate peace during the first world war: soviet russia can no longer fight, the army has collapsed, the economy is bursting at the seams, but germany, and most importantly austria-hungary, are also exhausted. the country is facing famine. the situation in russia at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth year can be fully described as catastrophic. the abdication of the emperor from the throne deprived russia of its unifying symbol. there was a saying in the army. the king is from god, the officer is from the king, therefore, in his eighteen-year-old guilt, he was able to command fifty-year-old artisans and everything was in order, the king was gone, there were instantly no officers, massacres of officers in the army fleet - it’s like since the february event, some of the officers simply
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ran away, some were agitated by the nadon, only those units remained at the front, soldiers who respected their commanders, and there were few of them, moreover, there were 1,800,000 deserters, if my memory serves me correctly, they killed all the iron roads, transportation to... was aggravated by the fact that the bolsheviks understood: the war could not be continued. lenin, instructing the delegation, said, agree to any conditions, give it up so that they don’t demand it, anyway, in a year we’ll take everything back. if witt, the head of the royal delegation stated
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the japanese, there are no winners here, therefore there are no vanquished, then the head of the soviet delegation, leon trotsky, literally echoes him: no peace, no war. today, when we know how much russia will lose under a separate... hundreds of secret treaties that russia signed with england and france. trotsky would later say: my business is small,
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to publish secret agreements to close the shop. the publication of secret treaties deals a crushing blow to the reputation of the entente. indignation in europe over the war is growing even more. from 1915 between england, france and russia, on the transfer to russia of control over constantinople and the black sea straits in exchange for control of england and france over all the asian possessions of the ottoman empire, that is, for us it was only about the straits, official agreements were concluded, although secret, the exchange of relevant notes between the foreign ministers affairs, all this...
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usa, then the germans had practically exhausted their power by this moment. yes, the german army is still strong, but hunger is slowly beginning to tighten the noose around germany’s neck. more moreover, despite... the complete devastation in the russian army, by december 1, 1917, the russian front held about a third of all german forces, and austria already had almost no front. the bruselov breakthrough, according to the original plan, was an auxiliary operation. the main blow was to be delivered by the western and northern front, but the unexpected operational success that cavalry general brusilov managed to achieve raised the question... before the russian command about changing
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the plans of operations, but firstly, the command of the western and northern front refused to attack, citing the fact that they were not ready, secondly, the allied command was categorically against it, as a result, the strike had to be redirected, this took too much time, because, let’s say, it was difficult with the supply of ammunition for the rest of the population, the germans managed to transfer additional ones from the western front... to strengthen the austrian front, in general they stabilized the situation, of course, the complete defeat of two austrian armies brought austria to the brink of disaster, but thanks to the fact that the allies did not moved, brusilov's breakthrough greatly helped them near verdun, things were very bad for them on the italian front as well, but the allies themselves were in no hurry to help russia, as a result the situation was stabilized, besides, the hungarian units of the auto-hungarian army were always distinguished by... very good combat stability, well, as a result, before
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, in fact, the revolution, which put an end to the historian empire, they fought quite well at the front. here in such a situation, which was also literally changing every hour, trotsky and others counted more on the fire of the world revolution. yes, peace needs to be concluded, but the longer we wait, the weaker the kaisers become, the stronger the socialists, a little more and they will overthrow the monarchy, the war will end with it, the one who is the first... to offer a peace initiative will become the winner in the eyes of society, but the situation was complicated by the fact that in russia itself the soldiers demanded peace immediately. however, the negotiations between the russians and the germans, which began in december of the seventeenth year, sobered up trotsky. germans behave like winners, immediately demanding the annexation of the baltic states to germany and the dismemberment of poland. their demands are growing every day. a piece of belarus is being added to the baltic states. only with
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a small caveat: the nations will have to be determined under german control, here is a new stab in the back of the bolsheviks. a delegation of the ukrainian central rada arrives in brest-litovsk. at that moment, little russia was the arena of struggle between the bolshevik kharkov government and the central council in kiev. the central rada is a ukrainian government body that appeared in as a result of the fact that a number of social, cultural, professional and other organizations, in fact clubs of interests, immediately transformed themselves into parties after the revolution, got together and decided that they were now the government, elected their deputies who organized the central rada, from it a military committee headed by petliura emerged, which said to immediately ukrainianize the army, the black sea fleet, part of... they generally agreed with this.
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hetman sharopatsky, this is a sviysk general, in general, a hero of the russian-japanese war, fought on the fields of the first world war, was surprised at the demand of the then supreme commander-in-chief, kornelov, to immediately ukrainize his corps. as a result, the combat effectiveness of the corps fell sharply. on the one hand, they received an army of 250 thousand bayonets, everyone thought that this was really a force. on the other hand, this army was simply not... that it was not capable, the soldiers did not want to go to the front, they all suddenly became national ukrainians and then simply fled. as for the negotiations. at first there was no talk of the central rada joining negotiations, she wanted to participate in them on her own, and the german delegation agreed with this. when the head of the german delegation asked trotsky whether he considered himself the only diplomatic representative of all of russia or whether ukraine was an independent entity, trotsky agreed that... it was an independent entity, despite the fact that the rsfsr
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was actually at war with the central rada , they did not recognize soviet power, this gave the germans the opportunity, firstly, to put pressure on us, and secondly, to austria-hungary. as a result , the germans signed a separate treaty with them, thanks to which they occupied all of ukraine. although the bolsheviks would drive the rada troops out of kiev in january 1918, the germans still signed an agreement with the rada. now. little russia must supply several million pounds of grain to germany and austria-hungary. while famine is raging in petrograd, trains with wheat are rushing to berlin and vienna. arada. provides military assistance to germany to fight its own fellow citizens, the ukrainian reds. the job is done, total hunger germany is no longer in danger, and the germans change the tone of the negotiations, declaring an ultimatum: either russia agrees to all demands, or the war continues. firstly, this is the end of the war between russia and germany, secondly,
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the recognition of the agreement between germany and ukraine, thirdly, this is the withdrawal of part of the territories, well, there is. germany means with one stroke of the pen, losing the baltic states, poland, belarus, ukraine, and this is where trotsky declares his famous formula of neither peace nor war, within the framework.
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years of territory she returns to february eighteenth year. russia is losing territory, the bolsheviks are about to lose power, and the people are losing patience. by the end of february 1918 , trotsky's plans were going awry. petrograd is about to fall, in conditions of the
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almost inevitable loss of power, the bolsheviks are no longer left with the idea of inventing new formulas, there are no options left. it was on the 19th. a telegram was sent to the german command. russia agreed to sign on german terms, which by that time had become more difficult, but the germans did not respond to the telegram. only on february 23 did they agree to negotiations, this it was facilitated by the fact that the germans were stopped, the council of people's commissars met all night on february 27 on the issue of peace, trotsky ended the endless debate, he changed his position, agreed with lenin's opinion on the need for peace. twenty-eighth. and on march 3, russia signs all the conditions of germany, it’s you who suffered the crown blow, it was my husband who set it, i insist on a timeout, you got the umbilical cord scissors, now i have all the papers,
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well, it turns out that i won, and how’s olya, as you hear, not bad, do you want me to become your donor? you're quite cute, no very old, all compliments, you don’t understand anything about women, but there’s something about medicine, obstetrician, you have beautiful eyes, today at 20:00 on ntv. kingfisher - new season, today at 13:00 on ntv. one of my friends connected unlimited in a megaphone completely free of charge and now sits on the internet all the time.
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phrase from a sticker. we do not throw words to the wind and do not abandon our own. join yours. the brest-litovsk peace treaty, no matter how they called it , was obscene, predatory, forced, it would seem that it was a complete defeat. victory germans. the germans got everything they wanted. and what did russia get? most historians consider the conditions of the brest-litovsk peace to be draconian. in addition to paying a huge indemnity in total, russia gave up more than 1 million square kilometers of territory, including part of belarus, polish lands, finland, ukraine and the baltic states. before the war, a huge population lived here, about half of the former industry and railway transport were located here. russian empire. many westerners believed that kerensky, even before the bolsheviks came to power, could only hold out by signing
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such a peace and establishing a truce at the front. after all, the revolution and its further course were largely due to the fact that the soldiers who spent 3 and a half years at the front during the first world war were extremely tired, embittered and did not understand why they... were fighting, these values were gone, accordingly, the one who would guarantee peace, and he would guarantee himself loyalty among wide circles of the population, is the peasantry, this is the proletariat, regardless of political views, therefore, for soviet russia this peace was necessary for lenin in order to maintain soviet power, to maintain the power of the bolsheviks and in order to consolidate it in the future, in fact, to fulfill those promises, those april theses that...
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all the front lines the first world war on the eastern front, and the july offensive, which was initiated by kerinsky, failed, accordingly, the soldiers were demoralized, many deserted, the germans had prospects in military terms, to defeat the young soviet russia, but on the western front for they were facing big problems, and therefore they urgently needed to release these resources on the eastern front and transfer them to the west. well, accordingly, this peace was also very beneficial and convenient for them, in its conclusion they were interested in what the germans received as a result of the peace, and the germans received a whole piece of territory, they received almost the entire baltic states, they received part of belarus, they received all of ukraine and even part in the present rostov region, for example, the germans demanded that the soviet government withdraw its
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ships, their flotilla from taganrog, the germans were in taganrog and actively interacted with... with the cossacks, the red cossacks traded in weapons during the preparation of anti-bolshevik uprisings, had intercourse with the germans. therefore, for the germans, this was not only the release of large human military resources, which they transferred to the western front, since in ukraine and the baltic states they left auxiliary units, the people’s militia, that is, those who were less combat-ready, but for them it became even more large raw material base. resourceful appendages, because, contrary to illusions, in germany, too, at the time of 1917 , austerity was introduced in the country, the population in the country ate extremely poorly, the entire population in germany lived under conditions of severe restrictions, including in the field of nutrition, so that bread, grain with ukraine, which the germans began to supply for their needs,
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was vitally necessary for them, about 26. the population of the entire russian empire was under the rule of the germans in these territories, this is also very significant, this is also, accordingly, a large human working potential, which can be exploited to one degree or another or controlled and manipulated, as the germans did, they set up puppet regimes, such as hetman skoropatsky in ukraine, and in general they demanded that the bolsheviks recognize ukraine, more ultimately ukraine they didn’t recognize it according to the documents, but this peace was signed. in addition, the very fact of holding negotiations in germany and austria with the bolsheviks legitimized the bolsheviks as power in russia, but lenin’s former allies in the entente did not recognize lenin for a long time. initially, the allies positively perceived the democratic, bourgeois, as they say in soviet historiography, february revolution, continued to cooperate with the provisional government, with prince lvov,
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then with kerensky, despite the fact that the main condition was... that russia continues the war, russia delays these forces, the bolshevik government neutralized these conditions and, accordingly, aroused the anger of the western powers in the form of great britain, in the form of france and their allies, who, of course, negatively perceived this brest-litovsk peace, subsequently, great britain landed its troops, a certain expeditionary force, in murbansk, in order to further influence the larger ones. provided to the russian empire, as for germany’s allies, we have especially in terms of loans, which they are actively
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looking at now in particular to turkey, which directly... from the alienation of quite vast territories, this is kars, this is erzurum, which russian troops took by storm , which they mastered in the future, perhaps it would have been assumed there compact accommodation, including the armenian population, is safe, but nevertheless the bolsheviks made concessions and these territories were also returned to turkey, so turkey also benefited from this agreement, like germany, it was...
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even with the condition of those released units from ukraine, by the time germany capitulated, germany had signed documents stating that it had lost the first world war. war in the campiène forest, the bolsheviks realized that in the future they did not need this treaty, the brest-litovsk peace, because that germany in the formation with which they concluded this agreement no longer exists, but here a further course of events arose, because if the german empire collapsed, the brest-litovsk peace can no longer be observed, because there is a certain monolith that may pose a threat to the soviet russia no longer exists, there is soviet russia. becomes a threat to the disintegrating germany, the bolshevik leaders, some of them have such ideas and in practice they tried to implement this about the creation of a soviet republic on german territory,
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because the prerequisites have been created there, a certain bourgeois stage has been passed there , according to the marxist concept, and accordingly the power has fallen, and why not now take this power into your own hands, the sailors and soldiers rebel against the exploiter. create a soviet republic, the first soviet republic, even before one of the very first, yes, this is the bavarian soviet republic, it existed very declaratively, for a short time, but the prerequisites were there, and after germany capitulated, the bolsheviks, of course, did not plan to comply brest-litovsk peace treaty, on the contrary, begin its expansion to the west. the brest-litovsk peace treaty did not remain in force for long, changes in the international situation... it. soon after this , the withdrawal of german troops from the occupied
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territories began, which improved the country's international position. strategically, trotsky’s conclusion of the peace treaty turned out to be a diplomatic victory, albeit as controversial and unobvious as witt’s victory in negotiations with the japanese in 1905. as clausowitz the diplomat said. this is the continuation of the war by other means, and indeed we we have seen more than once how russian diplomats turned defeats into victories.
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mikhail mishustin arrived on a two-day working visit to magadan. the prime minister was presented with a plan for the development of the city. israel struck back at yemen. dozens of people were injured and some died. france has banned a number of russian journalists from covering the upcoming olympics. what were the reasons for the restrictions? hello, welcome to you. information service of the ntv television company. vladislav nazararikov in the studio. the fighters of the western group of troops in the northern military district zone defeated camouflaged ukrainian crews fired grenades and mortars, and also thwarted
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the nationalists’ attempt to renew their personnel. the gunners calculated the enemy's coordinates. according to.
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