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Understanding 9/11tv Rossiiskaya diplomatiya NTV July 28, 2024 7:00am-8:01am MSK
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in today's conditions this may even sound strange, but in the history between russia and the usa. there were more partnerships than conflicts, support from russia, the united states in the struggle for independence, support for president lincoln in the american civil war, participation in the anti-british coalition, that is, there were indeed much more friendly gestures in our history than it might seem, if not paradoxically, in fact, russian-american relations have existed longer than the united states itself as a state. back in 1698, peter ii within the framework of the great embassy. usa. these were
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the first bilateral political contacts. it was under peter i that american goods appeared on our market. during the great embassy, peter ii met with the quakers, quaker representative william pen. quaker in general is a religious movement of the united states that spoke out, let's say . for independence from the catholic church, from the official church, in general he paid quite a lot of attention to the development of the pacific ocean and in general the problem of where asia ends and where america begins, and maps of the 16th century, which are at the disposal of historians, show that at that time there were already ideas that asia and america were connected either by a land isthmus or by a small one. later, in the first
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half of the 16th century, active migration of russian traders to north america began. the movement went in two directions: along the aliud route and through the bering strait. many russian settlements were established on the oliud islands, on mainland alaska, in the modern canadian provinces of yukon and british columbia, and also the us states of washington, oregon and california. gradually. the scattered russian colonial settlements were formalized legally. the sovereignty of the russian empire was declared over the territory occupied by russian settlers. the capital of russian america became the city of novo arkhangelsk, now sita. the full development of alaska and the construction of russian america began in the seventies of the 16th century, under catherine ii. at this time , russian settlements appeared here.
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orthodoxy spreads among local residents. in 1772 , the first russian trading settlement was founded on the olliud islands in the city of unalaska. in 1783 , the american orthodox mission was created. russian merchants interested in fur trade and trade come here. during the time of catherine the great, alaska was of interest to the russian state primarily not from a political, but from an economic point of view. mastered by russian merchants who actively bought furs from local eskimos, aleuts and indians, who created in convenient bays on the coast of the beling strait, russian settlements where merchant ships waited out the unnavigable winter months. on the political side, catherine the great saw the potential of establishing contacts with the united states, especially in the presence of such a dangerous enemy as great britain. in 1775 in north america in the british colonies.
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a rebellion broke out against england, and the american war of independence began. at the height of this war , catherine ii declared neutrality, but not simple, but armed, and sent a fleet to the shores of america. the russian empress showed her readiness to defend the right to trade shipping in conditions when the british blocked trade in the rebel colonies. so russia actually took the side of the unrecognized states. in vain did the english king george ii. writes letter after letter to the russian empress catherine ii, begging her to send a fleet and an expeditionary force. several tens of thousands of soldiers to suppress the uprising of the daring americans. the queen responds with a polite and flowery refusal, unworthy of two great powers uniting their forces in order to crush a people devoid of any allies in their a just struggle for independence, she writes, to the king of england. ekaterina did it.
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780 to push through a very interesting treaty on armed neutrality, to which almost all european countries joined... that a merchant ship should be accompanied by military ships, it would move to the port in which it should arrive, accompanied by an armed, as if armed escort of others ships, if an english ship tries to sink this merchant ship, the accompanying ships will open fire. nomination by catherine declarations on armed neutrality on february 28, 1780, as the very principle of armed neutrality, were an innovation in world diplomacy. in a secret report to the collegium of foreign affairs represented by panin, vice-chancellor asterman, diplomats said that britain itself was to blame for the american
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uprising, that under no circumstances should the british government be trusted, that the british fleet attacks the ships of all states, and the freedom of the colony. profitable russia. it was a very peaceful call. don't touch maritime trade with your war, our the fleet won't hurt you. this declaration of 1780 turned out to be historically very important. the principle of armed neutrality became globally extremely important for the economy of the rebel colonies of britain. a little later , holland, prussia, austria, portugal and the kingdom of the two sicilies joined. and france, spain and... it is interesting that catherine saved the americans, but did not recognize the states as a state and refused to establish diplomatic relations with the united states. in 1781
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, a us representative, a lawyer from massachusetts, francis deina, arrived from amsterdam to st. petersburg. he is considered the first american envoy to russia, who, however, was not there. officially of the empire, in the instructions that the lawyer brought, there was a desire to get the empress to recognize the independence of the united states, all thirteen. but russia was in no hurry. the american ambassador received from the vice-chancellor of the russian empire ivan osterman, a diplomatic neutral response from americans who happen to travel to the russian empire on trade or other business will meet with the most favorable reception and protection in according to...
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catherine simply could not accept his credentials from the people of the united states. they found a logical pretext: since the war with britain is not yet over, then the united states is not a recognized state, and accordingly letters cannot be accepted from them. the american ambassador left st. petersburg, and the next day britain signed a peace treaty with the united states. however,
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more. a big clothing sale on ozone is a profitable event this summer. buy what you want in installments. russian-american relations developed on the foundation of mutual respect and profitable trade. well that's impossible was called friendship, because each of the parties. i explored some of my interests and my own benefits, but there was no confrontation, there was cooperation. in 1796, after the death of catherine ii, the throne was taken by her son, emperor paul i. the new emperor was a supporter of the implementation of russian projects in distant lands. so in 1799, he approved a decree on the creation of a russian-american company. it was created for fisheries on the pacific islands and the northwest coast of america.
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eventually even alexander ii becomes one of the main shareholders of this company , gradually from such a truly initially private event, this company becomes a state company, which reports to... mainly already in leadership positions in this company , representatives begin to be appointed, really, dignitaries, government officials or representatives of the russian officers, it was believed that representatives of the officers should be present at such difficult work, because only they can truly
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to control such a remote and such a harsh region, and the first leader. under his leadership, active activities began to develop new lands. russian pioneers moved along the coast of north america and reached the islands of the alexander archipelago in southeast alaska, where there were a huge number of sea animals, but there were also many indians, about 10 thousand tlingits. greeted uninvited guests with hostility, the main ruler of russian america, the head of the company, alexander baranov, still decided, no matter what, to found here trading post, did it. in 1796 , the small fortress of yakutat and the village of novorossiysk were founded, in 1799 the mikhailovskaya
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fortress on the island of sitkan, where the local people, the tlenkits, lived. we succeeded with the tlenkit leader. on june 16, 1802, the klinkites attacked the mikhailovsky fortress, where the remaining russian settlers were hiding, more than one and a half thousand indians surrounded the fortress and opened fire, the russians fired back, but soon
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the barracks caught fire, after which all the defenders were killed, then other raids followed... the indians undertook more not to attack, but the leader katlian admitted his guilt and promised to compensate for it in the future with loyalty and friendship. it was not easy to fish in alaska; in addition to indian raids
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, there were huge problems with food. it was expensive to bring food to alaska from afar, and i couldn’t imagine growing it there. and livestock farming could be done without much difficulty, and from there , food could easily be delivered to alaska from the new fortress. so in 1812, 80 km from san francisco, thanks to the efforts of a russian american company, ford ross appeared. to russian entrepreneurs called the word. the fortress simply grew. ford is a later interpretation of the americans. in search of new places for settlement , an expedition led by ivan kuskov, an employee of a russian american company, travels to california. in 1811, kuskov found a suitable place. a small open plateau that was separated from the surrounding area by gorges.
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a few kilometers from this place , the settlers discovered a river. she still has a telling name. kuskov bought land from the indians, paying three blankets, three pairs of pants, three an axe, three motegi, several strings of beads. let us remember that the dutch bought the manhattan island, with an area of about 90 km, from the indians for only 60 guilders, which is 24 dollars in those times. warehouses and kazas were built on the territory of the fort ross fortress.
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they actively traveled with goods between america and asia and stopped at hawaii along the way. the islands have an exceptionally strategic location. this is the key of the pacific ocean, a convenient transshipment
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point on sea trade routes. it was in hawaii, in this corner of paradise , that a controversial diplomatic incident occurred caused by georg scheferon. in 1815, one of the russian merchant ships berring was wrecked off the coast. hawaiian island ruled by chief kaumualei. it was he who captured the russian cargo. to return the goods back, baranov sent dr. georg schaefer to hawaii. schaefer went straight to the leader, with whom just a few days later he signed a series of unexpected agreements proclaiming the patronage of the russian emperor alexander i over hawaii. for 2 whole years, with the help of the hawaiians, the russians settled the island. schaefer even planned expeditions to other the hawaiian islands, moreover. his actions were not sanctioned by baranov. in fact, the hawaiian leader simply used the germans in his fight against rivals and manipulated them, creating the illusion of cooperation.
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the resistance of the native hawaiians, who had already been bribed by the americans, grew. in june 1817, hundreds of hawaiians surrounded the fort. they began to take the russians ashore and put them on ships. only a few were injured and several indians died. realizing the futility of resistance, boss. left hawaii. in st. petersburg about all these they learned about the hawaiian events only in august 1817 and immediately came to the conclusion that everything the chef had started was a terrible adventure. and the paradise islands are completely useless for russia. and such distant hawaii represented extra time. emperor alexander ii refused to give a protectorate and finance a new project for the development of this archipelago. 1988 there is an attack on pensioners in the tambov region. no one had any idea, it was years before the crime was solved. why did the criminal hunt grandmothers? and there was nothing to take there. which
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did the meat grinder play a role in this matter? the only thing that could break in a soviet meat grinder was the table to which it was attached. and ordinary pliers. an irreplaceable thing in the household. the investigation was conducted with leonid konevsky. like a fire. at least fire him! today at 17:15 on ntv. kingfisher - new season. today at 13:00 on ntv. what can negatively affect the liver? constant stress, unhealthy diet, ecology. this can lead to inflammation and destruction of liver cells. two phosphoglyph components help not only restore cells liver, but also fight the cause of their destruction, inflammation. phosphoglyph. now in an economical package of 96 capsules. tired of looking for a loan that will be approved? compare simplifies this task. take a loan on the website or in
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ends. hair has been restored. strong, smooth hair, hair like after a salon, every day, poisoning, intestinal infections, an affordable powerful filter can help here, need money, tired of looking for a loan that will be approved, compare, simplifies this task, we checked the offers and collected them in one location, just select the microfinance organization and send application, the money will come immediately to the card, take a loan on the website or in the mobile application, compare, political support for the united states in its struggle for independence from catherine ii. an increase in trade turnover between countries, as well as the beginning of active development of russia, alaska and other territories of north america, all this became the foundation on which diplomatic relations between russia and the usa were concluded under alexander i. the countries exchanged ambassadors. russia and the united
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states, associated with the rise to power alexander i in the russian empire and the united states by thomas jefferson. here it is worth mentioning the personal characteristics , first of all, of alexander i, who was very interested in the young american republic in general. in correspondence with thomas jefferson, he asked for literature recommendations in order to better understand the nature of the american republic. the beginning of the 19th century marks the era of the napoleonic wars; in 1807, russia concluded the teledit peace, according to which it was deprived of the right to enter the british markets, in this in this case, the united states considered cooperation with russia as an opportunity, let’s say, to replace these markets, and to somewhat compensate for this british loss. in order for these trade relations to develop successfully, it was necessary to establish official
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diplomatic relations. in 1808 , the first russian consulates were created in the united states, in boston, philadelphia, and russia and the united states exchanged ambassadors. the first us ambassador to russia was john quincy adams, who later became the sixth us president. john quincy adams was very an experienced diplomat at that time, he had already been to russia and had an idea of what russia was like. and was very interested in russian orthodoxy, russian traditions, customs, and was very enthusiastic about st. petersburg. adams developed a good personal relationship with emperor alexander ii, with whom they often met on walks. in 1811 , the then us secretary of state sent adams instructions containing the basic principles of the treaty between the united states and the all-russian emperor. the first and main point
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there should have been a contract. for the next few decades, the united states and russia enjoyed generally very friendly relations, only occasionally interrupted by crises and clashes of russian american interests in the alaska and pacific coasts of north america, which ultimately led to the proclamation
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of the munroe doctrine in 1823. in 1823, in a speech, james monroe announced new principles that the united states was ready for. mi states, as an act, an unfriendly act towards the united states. here you need to say that, of course, the leading european powers at that time did not take this munro doctrine seriously, simply
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because the united states at that time occupied such a very peripheral place in the system of international relations. however, alexander was the first to speak out and say that he condemns such a thing. relations between russia and the united states , the deepening of this crisis that has arisen in the states, moves to the negotiation process, the result of this negotiation process
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is the signing of a convention, according to by which both parties received the right to trade, fish and fur production in the pacific ocean, and the right to fish. but at the same time, each side pledged to respect, let’s say, the territorial demands of the opposite side; the dividing lines between american and russian possessions in the pacific ocean became the parallel of 54° northern latitude, on both sides of which each side had no right to establish new settlements and, naturally, that such a decision caused a very big protest from...
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what you want in installments. already 135 years old. in georgia , tradition remains unchanged on every table. borjomi. borjomi helps you enjoy your favorite dishes and gives you a feeling of lightness after eating. open borjomi. enjoy. feel light. borjomi. kingfisher - new season. today. 13:00 on ntv. in the middle of the 19th century, emperor nicholas i attracted american engineers to work on his projects. military topographer george washington whistler from indiana, for example, supervised the construction of the moscow-st. petersburg railroad, the first in our country. he built bridges in st. petersburg, fortifications in kronshtat, and modernized shipping in arkhangelsk. u we called him yegor whistler. in 1840 , russia ordered the united states
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to create a military steamship, and the steamship kamchatka, which at that time was one of the fastest and one of the largest passages. it is interesting that the united states did not have such a passage in its fleet, but was very proud that the russian empire gave them such an order. and it’s interesting that russia became the first country, the first european. a country that considered this technological potential of the united states, which paid attention to this the ability of americans to invent, to propose some atypical approaches to solving a problem is very active, in fact, the american ability has been put into its arsenal, the peak of rapprochement between russia and the usa was the sixties of the 19th century, the time of the civil war in the usa, when...
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1865 years, the russian empire and the personal emperor alexander ii supported the lincoln government not only in words. if catherine ii helped the states, i did not deport. landing to help england, then alexander ii actually sent a whole the pacific squadron, which was supposed to protect against possible aggression of france and great britain and thereby covered the backs of the fighters for liberation from slavery. the russian government is transferring the russian squadrons
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of admiral lisovsky and popov to guard our trade routes, but it turns out that our sailors are staying. to new york, san francisco, where they are greeted with flowers, they talk about the great friendship of the american and russian people, all the newspapers, in general, honor russian sailors, diplomatically, russia declared about the usa, this alexander mikhailovich gorchakov’s dispatch, which was sent to washington, said that america is one of the most important elements of international relations, that in general russia and emperor alexander ii have friendly feelings towards the people close to us and ... in general , they would like in every possible way for peace to reign there, they support the legitimate government in washington in front of the southern confederates, which also played a certain political role in the fact that the americans felt more confident and were no longer afraid of invasion britain and france, who eventually abandoned this idea by 18603, the beginning
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of the fourth year exactly. yes, the russian admiralty had the task of withdrawing the baltic fleet, the most powerful at that time, from the baltic, so that in case of war. he had freedom of movement across the atlantic, russia suppressed the rebellion in the kingdom of poland, fearing an attack by the instigators of the riot, britain and france. this was not a secret, the americans and europe knew about it, yet the diplomatic goal of the campaign turned out to be more important, support for the lincoln government became one of the symbols of russian american friendship. britain and france willingly took the side of the southern separatists and tried to provide naval support.
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the united states, without waiting for the end of the war, supplied russia with a gunpowder. there was an international scandal, a protest from france. once again , russia and the united states proved useful to each other and again defended their interests together. at the end of 1865, the united states announced the complete and final emancipation of american slaves. the thirteenth amendment to the bill of rights, published in newspapers in every state, was a triumph for freedom.
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the result of the victory of the northerners in the civil war against the separatists of the south. only now few people remember that the north’s victory in the civil war occurred. centuries in the north to claim european america in alaska, no less important events took place and newly born states continued: claims to land began to clash with indians, in addition, the maintenance of the fort ross fortress on the pacific coast cost russia a large sum, so over time the question arose about her. sales. in 1841, a russian-american company sold ford ross to a large latifundist , mexican citizen john sutter, for 30. this is about 43,000 rubles. silver. after the mexican-american war of 1846-48,
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california, along with fort mros, located in mexico, passed to the united states. alaska is very large and undeveloped. a territory with a small population, it was difficult to deliver resources to it, it was difficult to supply it, to sponsor it, in general, the russian treasury incurred quite a large number of costs, the russian american company feared an invasion by britain and france into alaska and blocking trade routes. a quarter of a century after the sale of ford ross, russia, for a nominal fee, estimated at about $5 per square kilometer, ceded the whole of alaska, a huge one, to america. the main ideologist of the sale was grand duke konstantin nikolaevich, brother of emperor alexander ii. the main supporter of the sale of alaska to russia was grand duke constantine. actually, in 1857, konstantin nikolaevich turned to the emperor, and even to
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alexander mikhailovich gorchakov, with a proposal to sell alaska, however alexander mikhailovich gorchakov, who in principle was not against the sale of olyaska, considered this an untimely, not yet fully thought-out matter. in this regard, in fact, yes, he suggested, as alexander ii later proposed, to think about conducting a sounding of the ground for the sale of alaska. and wait , in general, for the end of the trade contracts that russia had with the united states, and the privileges of the russian-american company, which ended just in 1862, that is, to postpone this issue for a while, the emperor with igorchakov's argument agreed that the issue was postponed by the emperor's own order. the minister of finance of russia, mikhail reiton, also added fuel to the fire by sending a special note to alexander i, in which he pointed out the need for urgent budget savings. ministry of finance. supported the idea, and a little later the navy ministry also supported it. the russian-american company and the governor general of siberia, nikolai
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muravyov amursky, were at first strongly opposed to the sale of alaska, but later recognized this need, due to doubts about the ability to retain this territory, and because of alaska’s unprofitability. in 1867 , the question of the sale of alaska again arises. in russia there were three main such lobbyists, yes, supporters of the sale of alaska, these were grand duke konstantin nikolaevich, minister of finance reitern, and the ambassador to the united states, eduard stekl. and in this regard, it was decided to convene a special meeting, at which alexander ii was to be present to decide the fate of alaska. the reasons why alaska should be sold were formulated; there were four of them. firstly, for the entire seventy... year-long existence of the company, it actually did not achieve either the goals of colonizing alaska, as officials claimed, nor, in
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general, was able to russify the population present there, and , frankly speaking, the russian population was very poorly purified american population. secondly, the company was actually unprofitable. the third point is that, in general, everyone understood that the united states was expanding into america, and the sale of alaska could relieve possible tension in the relationship. with a friendly russia is a country with which it has developed very good relations over the past 20 years, and the fourth point, which amursky once drew attention to, is that russia is strengthening in the territory of the far east in central asia, and will strengthen in the future , and she no longer needs to go far beyond her territory. now historians claim that almost 200 thousand dollars were spent just on bribing american senators with ordered articles in newspapers in order to persuade the public opinion. in favor of the alaska acquisition treaty. secretary of state seworth was the main supporter of america's purchase of alaska from
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russia and, in general, one of those who lobbied for this moment in the government, congress and senate of the united states of america. it must be said that in society, well in part in our textbooks, the public consciousness has developed a certain stereotype that american society did not really support the sale of alaska, that our ambassadors had to be bribed. american establishment, but this is not entirely true: american researchers have proven that, in general, the majority of newspapers, the majority of public opinion in the united states, were in favor of the purchase of alaska. the deal that alexander ii agreed to was prepared in taina. on december 16, 1866 , a special meeting was held in st. petersburg, which was attended by alexander ii, grand duke konstantin nikolaevich, the minister of finance and the naval ministry, as well as. russian envoy in washington baron eduard stekl. all participants approved the idea of sale. march 30, 1867 at
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in washington, an agreement on the sale of russian alaska to the united states of america was signed. alaska was sold for $7,200 thousand. at the then exchange rate, 11 million rubles. the money is very modest, given the annual budget of russia at 400 million. october 18, 1867 in the city of novoarkhangelsk. an official ceremony took place in sitka: the russian flag was lowered and the american flag was raised. since then , october 18 is an official holiday in america, alaska day. only the representatives of the us congress gave money to russia only a year after the documents were signed. in the summer of 1868, and 6 years after the sale of these places to the russian empire, gold was found in alaska, the famous california gold rush began. i have californian wealth in general, only the americans will find gold in alaska 2,500 times
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the amount of the transaction, and then they will also discover the richest oil reserves. there is a persistent myth in our society that the money that russia received for the sale of alaska did not reach russia. in fact, the money arrived. there is a document about this, which is stored in the state archive of the russian federation, a document from the ministry of finance, of the russian empire itself, which records that 11 million rubles were received from america, 300-odd thousand there, immediately, literally , 10 million, even a little more, of this money were spent on the purchase of railway equipment. various technologies, since russia actively collaborated with the united states on the purchase of various railway tools, trains, technologies for the development of its own railway network, and the remaining 390 thousand rubles, in my opinion, went to the budget of the russian empire, that is, all the money we got there, despite the myths, we have all the records about it, russia immediately invested this money in its economy. as a result
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, the russian empire sold 10% of its territory, and the united states acquired its forty-ninth state, then now the largest in area. thus, almost a hundred years of history, the largest overseas colony of the russian empire, was completed. the russians left north america. but diplomatic trade relations continued to develop. the visit of grand duke alexei to the usa was of especially great diplomatic importance alexandrovich, son of alexander ii. this was the first ever visit to the united states by a member of the romanov dynasty. russian ships entered new york harbor at midnight on november 18, 1871 . despite the heavy rain and strong winds, a huge crowd awaited the guests at the pier. the americans tried with great impatience and curiosity to see the son of the russian emperor. thus began the prince’s american tour of twenty cities.
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the best of them, according to travelers, turned out to be denver. the sailors were given an invitation from an indian chief named peggy and tail to accept participation in the bison hunt. almost 2,000 people, americans, indians and russians, were concentrated in the surrounding area. on his birthday, alexey alexandrovich killed the first bison. the grand duke received a spontaneous warm welcome everywhere. as never before, newspapers published a large number of articles about russia and its peoples, traditions, and history. the excitement was so great that even the owners of butcher shops. they laid out chicken carcasses in such a way that they were associated with a double-headed eagle. the trip was also of a business nature: the program of visits included visits to military academies, presence at maneuvers and parades. the americans willingly showed seaports, shipyards, and docks. the russians carefully inspected the military factories where russian orders were carried out. the visit contributed to
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strengthening the prestige of both countries. alexander ii noted that the meeting was enthusiastic. expeditions of the russian fleet were sent. in 1876, britain began to threaten russia with war because the russians supported the bulgarian liberation movement. and then rear admiral butakov gathered russian warships scattered in the mediterranean sea, brought them to america, so that in case of war they would not fall into
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a trap in the mediterranean sea, on the contrary, to begin cruising activity in the atlantic ocean, at the same time, rear admiral puzino, ours, gathered russian warships ships in chinese and japanese ports and led them to the opposite coast of the united states in order to cut off the supply of british canada, and, if lucky, to make an expedition to australia. the british thought, they refused to fight, but after the victorious completion russian-turkish war of 1877-78, britain demanded that russia, under the threat of war, return the liberated peoples to the turks. then the russians simply purchased
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three new ships from the united states and refitted them. as the cruisers were called europe, asia and africa with them entered the atlantic ocean for cruising operations against. on march 1, 1881 , terrorists kill emperor alexander i at this place. a completely new era begins in russia, but a new time begins in international relations, including relations between russia and the usa. a rather serious strategic clash of interests between the two powers begins...
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relations at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries became the hostile position of the administration of us president theodore roosevelt of the american media towards russia, but especially during the russo-japanese war and the clash
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of economic interests in the far east in manchee. for more than a century, from the end of the 16th to the end of the 19th century, relations between russia and the united states went through several full-fledged stages. acquaintance, friendship, quite close. relationships, but by the beginning of the century this is what happens in life: cooling and alienation begin to arise in relationships.
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russia is celebrating navy day; 15 thousand sailors will take part in parades across the country. in havana, havana, residents of the cuban capital again welcome russian warships in the port of liberty island. a big celebration, on the seventy-first anniversary of the end of the korean war , large-scale celebrations were held in hinyan. and also forbidden fruit. russian summer residents were warned of heavy fines for...
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