in the fence, sat under a bush for about an hour until i heard the voices of the neighbors who had just arrived, we have two electric trains in the morning, they just arrived on the second one, and i, and i'm already there, so, write here, from my words, written down correctly, i read it and signed it, i'm waiting. from my words, written down correctly, yeah, by me, i read it, tell me, can you provide me with protection from bandits, bandits, well, like in a limousine, which, of course, we guarantee it if you tell us about the customer of the murder, but what customer, there was no customer in what about that? a foreigner called and offered to buy

my wife's company, i told him it was impossible, and he said, an heir can do anything if he's not a nobody, and these words never left your head, that's how it happened, you know, what are you talking about, well, i heard it on the radio myself, no need, i listen to the radio often, there was nothing about you there, and not about me, but an advertisement that i came up with, for any wet business in our shoes, then... go ahead, guys, why are you laughing, kira is telling the truth, i recently heard this advertisement on the radio myself, so we decided to visit the other side of the advertisement, for this we conducted a survey of ordinary consumers, the most angry responses were caused by the latest advertising masterpieces from the agency constellation, this is a video about wet business, topy boldly, the author for obvious reasons refused to come to our studio, here is another creator, beloved by the consumer of advertising, maria krasnova, today we have

a guest, hello, maria, hello, maria, tell us why you started doing this, you know, there is such a wonderful legend, what is it, this is from whom, and this is from whom, here from whom?

the famous phrase of mikhail lomanosov that russia's power will grow with siberia is still relevant today, because in many ways, thanks to siberia, russia became a great power, in the world, when pronouncing the word siberia - it is a synonym for the word russia, but ... how did russia expand to the east, how was siberia developed, and what is the role of russian diplomacy in this? in the history of all european peoples, from the greeks and phoenicians to the british and french, colonial expansion acted as something natural, logical, and without alternative. so states were growing on the land, but russia in this sense was fundamentally different from most european countries. that is why we are talking about development.

managed the newly conquered territories of siberia, and as for the colonial status of siberia, it is absolutely certain that siberia was not a colony, well, at least in the full sense of the word in the socio-political sense, since such an important sign of colonial dependence as the stay of local residents in the system of special colonial regime, colonial law, which... would be different from the legal

system that existed in the metropolitanate. so what is the correct name for what happened to siberia, annexation, development, conquest, colonization. back in the second half of the 16th century, the croatian ethnographer yuri krizhanich, while in exile in tobolsk, compared the siberian campaigns with the roman and spanish practice of resettlement, calling it the expulsion of people to settlements. in russian documents, the name siberia does not appear until 1407. it was then that the chronicler, speaking about the murder of khan takhtamysh, indicates that it took place in the siberian land. from tyumen. there were no mentions, but there were contacts. for example, in 1032 novgorod reached the iron gates, the ural mountains, and were defeated by the yugras. since that time, the chronicles often mention novgorod campaigns in yugra. from the middle of the 10th century, yugra became

a colony of the novgorod region. veliky novgorod took tribute from yugra. these were furs, fish, walrus ivory and much more. novgorodians. reached the ural mountains already in the 11th century, in the 19th century we have information that that they crossed the ural mountains in their northern part, came, as they said, to yugra, khante and mansi were called yugra, well, as is the case today, in the 11th-12th centuries novgorod sailors passed by the northern sea route not only through yugra, but also to the samoyeds on taimyr.

the russian grand dukes and tsars were unable to break through the urals, only the merchants stroganov and the cossacks irmak did so. in the 14th century , the great moscow principality began to fight for power in the northern and northwestern lands. thus, by the end of the 15th century, yugra was completely included in its composition. in addition to the grand duchy of moscow, siberia was also ruled by the golden horde. at the beginning of the 13th century, the peoples of southern siberia submit to the eldest son of genghis khan. named jochi, then the mongol empire disintegrates, southwestern siberia becomes part of the golden horde. presumably in the 13th century , the tyumen khanate of tatars and kireits arose in the south of western siberia, it was in vassal dependence on the golden horde. and

around 1500, the ruler of the tyumen khanate united most of western siberia by creating the siberian khanate with its capital in the city kashlyk. then the siberian khan recognizes vassal dependence on the russian kingdom and promises to pay tribute to moscow, yasak. in 1563 , khan kuchum attacks ediger's possessions with a large detachment of warriors. he executes khan ediger and

establishes his power in the siberian khanate with the help of uzbek, nogai and kazakh troops. the new khan begins to convert siberia to islam, he stops paying tribute. and recognizing his allegiance, and after the devastation of moscow by the crimean khan, khan kuchum completely breaks off all tributary relations with moscow. in 1573, kuchum sent his nephew mahmud kuli on reconnaissance. with a squad of warriors, he went beyond the khanate, reached perm and attacked the vast holdings of the ural merchants in the stroganovs. it was after such raids that the most influential stroganovs called for a squad.

made a terrible mistake by trying to invade the stroganovs' possessions with his troops, the siberian khan kuchum. the stroganovs immediately turned to ivan the terrible and acquired from him a charter for all the lands of the siberian khanate. all that remained was to find a leader who would lead cossack army. it turned out to be the atoman of the vulzh cossacks, yermak timofeevich, a veteran of the levon war and, in general, a prominent and honored person. in the spring of 1581, stroganov concluded

a contract of service with yermak and his people. thus began the legendary campaign to siberia. the cossack squad under the command of yermak sets out on a campaign beyond the stone belt - that's what the ural mountains were called, goes up the chusovaya river on barges, drags the boats to the tagil river, where they stay for the winter. in order to survive the winter, the cossacks had to build an ostrog. in the spring of 1582, yurmak sets foot on siberian land. taman's detachment won several battles with the tatars and in the decisive battle in october 1582, forced the troops of khan kuchum to retreat, leaving the capital of the siberian khanate koshlyk defenseless. following the tobol and storming the brilliant cities, yermak confidently approached the capital. at the end of october , yermak entered into battle with the siberian tatars. near kashlyk. it took the cossacks 3 days to occupy kashlyk. having captured the capital, the cossacks

triumphantly entered the city, took rich booty, food, furs, gold. the local population was not too happy with the new authorities. khan kuchum fled, but did not surrender. kuchum was a great danger. the raids on the lands worried the stroganovs very much, they planned to finally solve the problem. having taken kashlyk, yermak imposed yasak on the local population. in the name of the tsar, the locals periodically rose up against yermak, but the cossacks suppressed their resistance, executing the rebel vazhaks. the cossacks set out on a campaign without state support, and a little later sent messengers to moscow with rich gifts, their goal was to meet with the tsar, ivan the terrible. ivan the terrible at first he wanted to judge the cossacks for their previous robberies. he personally received the delegation and was surprised to learn that a small detachment had annexed the siberian khanate to... in possession, the tsar changed his anger to mercy and sent reinforcements, about 300

people, in kashlyk , squads of the regular army rushed to help the cossacks, according to legend , ivan the terrible sent yermak a fur coat from his shoulder, a silver cup and two chain mails, the stroganovs received new trade privileges, the loss of the capital meant little to the nomadic people and did not deprive khan kuchum of hope for the preservation of the state, the war for... siberia was not over yet. in the summer of 1585, yermak and his cossacks went to help the merchants who were attacked by kuchum. khan kuchum did not leave the cossacks alone. his army continued the war, but the cossacks, having sailed to usti vagay, did not meet anyone there. on august 6, 1585, the cossack detachment, together with its legendary leader, landed on an island located on the rts. the squad, feeling in... danger, decided to go to bed. kuchum, who was hiding in ambush with the tatar warriors,

attacked the camp. having crept onto the island, the tatars began to fight the sleepy army of cossacks. thus, the khan dealt yermak a fatal blow. yermak threw himself into the river, wanting to escape from the khan's warriors, but the heavy steel armor dragged yermak to the bottom of the river. that same night , all the cossacks from otaman's detachment died. the death of yarmak did not prevent the russian state. it was possible to maintain its power in the territories beyond the urals, to gain a foothold on the harsh siberian land only through systematic advancement and the construction of outposts, but only through military campaigns, even successful, the development of the lands cannot be carried out. after such a heavy blow, the new ataman-mishcheryak gathered the surviving warriors and decided to return to their homeland. the cossacks were the masters of siberia for 2 years, but they had to leave. only a year later , russian banners will appear there again. the victory over the khan

of the siberian yurt kuchum at the end of the 16th century made a very strong impression on the local tribes and peoples, and as they were then called in russia by the local princes, they began to ask to take them under the protection of the russian tsar, who could to protect them from both the siberian yurt and other stronger and more aggressive neighbors, and... the head of the tomsk tatars, toyan, even asked to found a russian town on his lands so that they could protect themselves in this way from the raids of the kyrgyz people. it was necessary to create settlements, attract more and more service-minded people there, and populate these lands. in 1586 , the first russian city in siberia was founded, which received the name "tyumen", and a year later the russians built tabolsk, an administrative, military and economic center in siberia on throughout the entire period of its development, the capital

of the region until 1764. step by step, sharply.

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let me into the kitchen, he'll shut off all the water, he took everything out, gold, equipment, she was in slavery there, everyone says that an operation is needed, the child died in nature, i didn't want to kill him, i loved this man, any of us can end up beyond the brink. through our own fault, by someone else's will or because of a fatal coincidence, we will extend a helping hand to everyone. i wanted to thank the beyond the brink programs with all my heart, i just bow down here in front of you, because you did the impossible, i am grateful to your program, without you we would not have managed, i am sure that everything will work out, beyond the edge, new season from monday at 16:45 on ntv. the speed of the russian advance to the east is truly impressive. the first city in western siberia , tyumen, was founded in 1586, and 62 years later the pioneer semyon dezhnev

reaches the extreme north-eastern point of the eurasian continent. in 1648, semyon dezhnev equipped three kochs and moved along the arctic ocean to the east. he was looking for the river anadar, in the mouth of which, according to local stories, there were many sables. and walrus teeth. they walked for a long time, and finally rounded a cape, beyond which the sea went far to the south. subsequently, this extreme eastern point of eurasia would be called cape dizhnev. and suddenly a strong storm broke out. the ship was scattered across the ocean. only the one on which dizhnev himself was sailing was saved. having got out on the shore, the cossacks made their way for a long time through the anadreposh bush. only 12 people reached it. they built a fort and defended themselves for 2 years. from the natives, until the kolyma cossacks made their way to them. semyon lived on chukotka for about 10 years, and only in 1662 returned to yakutsk. semyon dezhnev was the

man who 80 years before bering, discovered the bering strait, this is his main, so to speak, merit to russian history, russian science, in his campaign he made a geographical map. of the places he visited, made a geographical description of the lands discovered by him and reports on the peoples who lived there, in particular about the eskimos who inhabited these places. in the middle reaches of the anador, dezhnev founded zimovye, which later grew into anadorsky ostrog, at the same time in the area of ​​the future okhotsk the so-called kosaya ostrozhe was founded. these were some of the first settlements on the shores of the pacific ocean, which were founded by russian explorers. at the time when the spanish portuguese dominated south america and

even began to make their way into the pacific expanses, the english and french were developing the north american continent, the russians decided to move to the east. this was prompted by the need to defend the borders from raids. the best defense is an attack. it would not have been possible to expand, there was the polish-lithuanian commonwealth thundering with weapons in all directions, a gigantic confederate state, the crimean khanate in the south, behind which stood turkey, sweden was pressing from the north. in the east there were very weak militarily fragments of the golden horde: the kazan, astrakhan and siberian khanates, as well as the nogai horde, and further all the way to the pacific ocean, there were practically no obstacles, they took a course there. this was explained by several reasons, first of all, of course, the distance from moscow, and the freer such movements of people. the second reason

was that in their expeditions to eastern siberia, russian explorers relied on the already developed western siberia. finally, there was a third reason, one of the main ones, for such a rapid advance of russian people to eastern siberia. by this time, the local tribes were already very familiar with the power of russian weapons, so many of them voluntarily went under protection.

then in the sixties-eighties of the xvi century , the situation in the country deteriorated sharply, by the end of the reign of ivan the terrible, the russian the state completely lost the acquired territories, and then serious trials began for the country, famine, epidemic, unrest, part of the population moved to the east. the time of troubles, one might say, did not particularly affect the development of siberia, at the end of the sixteenth. at the very beginning of the sixteenth century , siberia was not yet very heavily populated, there were few service people in it, and their main concerns, in addition to the fact that they had to discover new lands, bring, as they said, the hand of the russian tsar, local peoples and collect isaac from them, these so to speak, their problems, tasks also included ensuring their own security, that is , repelling attacks by local tribes, there was another reason why... not much

progress was made forward, this reason was that grain farming was not developed in siberia, the service people who lived there, well, and industrialists, were very dependent on grain supplies from european russia, it is clear that in the time of troubles these supplies were greatly delayed, which affected the development new lands, during the period of troubles in siberia only two relatively... large ostrogs were built, these are tomsk and kuznetsk. one of them was built first at the very beginning of the time of troubles, the second at the very end. but, actually, during the time of troubles, construction practically ceased. in relations with the local population, the cossacks usually acted as official representatives of the moscow tsar. there were separate private fishing and search detachments of free-spirited people among the land of the explorers, but they gave the governors reports on their discoveries, although they did not take the tribes

under. the hand of the sovereign. the cossacks are the sovereign's people, acting on behalf of the russian state only on its basis. the goal prescribed to them was to enrich the royal treasury with tribute from various tribes and to turn all siberian peoples into subjects of russia. of course, this could not be done without military force, after all, many indigenous peoples of siberia voluntarily recognized the subordination of the sovereign of all russia. this was in their interests. for example, the kot khanty, the tomsk tatars, the yenisei kets, the pre-baikal evenki, the trans-baikal buryats. at first, a certain territorial group was subordinated, then other tribesmen were pulled in. who did the russians generally meet when they entered siberia? nomads, reindeer herders, semi-sedentary hunters and fishermen, and fully sedentary sea hunters. the reindeer herders inhabited the northernmost, tundra part of the territory. in western siberia, these were the nenets, khanty, anganasans, and some other groups.

in the north. yekutia - these were the dolgan and chukchi, in chukotka in northern kamchatka, the chukchi and koryaks. in the north of western siberia, by the beginning of the 16th century also saw the formation of the khanty-mansi principalities. there were also detachments of desperate fighters with their own weapons. the main thing that the russian cossacks brought to siberia was peace. all the tribes of siberia were endlessly at odds with each other within their tribes. having come to siberia, the russians said: the monopoly on military violence belongs to the moscow tsar, but the attacks of peoples on each other on cossack outposts certainly did not disappear immediately, they continued almost the entire 18th century, here it was necessary to use military force against those who violated the peace, attacked either a neighboring tribe

or... a russian settlement or even a large city, like krasnoyarsk, but here the russian tsars pursued some very dual policy, on the one hand, they demanded that the governors maintain... peace, on the other hand, when the cossacks of krasnoyarsk, seeing how the nomads who had raided were ruining the villages and the local population and the russians, left the city, defeated the villains and drowned them in the river, the governor was put on trial, why did you allow such cruelty to the poor, unfortunate attackers, did not yield to the russians in their own the production of weapons, with the exception of firearms, the yakut wars. however, after the arrival of the russians on the lena river, the war with them lasted only a few years. the yakuts understood the benefits of russian citizenship and became the most active people of eastern siberia in cooperation and entering into family ties with

the russians. since the thirties of the 15th century, it is difficult to find a prominent explorer who is not married to a yakut woman. moreover, yakut women participated in all russian expeditions as wives. the nomadic people were also a powerful, well-armed people. the buryats. the cossacks did not could defeat them in battle. the lack of fear of arquebuses is confirmed by the reports of the cossacks themselves. the main way of winning was negotiations. all successful russian explorers, moskvitin, dezhnev, khabarov and others were outstanding diplomats. historians look for the reason for the persuasiveness of the cossacks' proposals to many peoples and tribes to accept russian citizenship in many factors. in addition to their personal diplomatic skills, the cossacks offered a huge reward: peace with their neighbors under the protection of the tsar, for a modest price, part of the furs that almost everyone was getting tribes of siberia and the far east. in addition to, buz and other similar trinkets, which russian people usually

brought with them to siberia and offered for exchange to local residents, they received from the russians very valuable things for them, and these were tin utensils. copper utensils of some kind, iron objects, axes, knives, and sometimes even weapons, that is, spearheads or sapli, although it was forbidden to transfer weapons to the aborigines, in fact, the aborigines themselves perceived this collection of denmark isaac, when they gave furs in exchange as if they received gifts, so-called from the russians, they perceived it exactly like this, as an exchange, and... as not a collection of denmark, the representatives of these local tribes of peoples were even surprised, as they considered it, at the stupidity of the russians, who were ready to take only a few sable furs for a beautiful iron axe.

the clerk had to delve into all the nuances of local relations between peoples, between specific leaders, as well as between industrialists living in this territory, both as an administrator and as a diplomat. and for the majority. of the indigenous inhabitants of siberia, the transition to russian citizenship in terms of exploitation and interaction with russian people, in general, did not bring anything new, since these peoples were familiar with the institutions of omanadstvo, that is, hostage-taking with such a form of economic interaction as wintering, denmark and isaka, long before the arrival of the russians, all these relations already existed between them. the local population had the right to file complaints, for this it was possible to draw up. a russian official will write down everything in detail from their words, the protection of the local population was also the responsibility of the russian authorities. one boy was offered to audition for the role of the host of the show, and they forgot to pay for the taxi. arseniy popov

improvised, my mother told me that you are funny, improvised, i like to improvise to music, if you want, i will teach you. and improvised, i came here to moscow to undercut you, and you are sitting comfortably, now only a miracle can save him, first you are a small actor of this size, and then you will become like harry harlam, it seems to me that he is a child, i see for this cocktail and you know, i've already stopped being thirsty, i feel kind of sick now, maybe it's poisonous. oh, i thought you were going to throw knives at me, don't be naughty, leather, blah-blah-blah-blah, i've gone crazy, well done, a miracle with arseniy popov, premiere, today at 20:00

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from which isaac was taken, they went on reindeer. already in the second settlement, where the koryaks lived, atlasov encountered resistance, then almost all the yukaghirs betrayed him and attacked him together with the koryaks, killing three and wounding 15 russians, including atlasov himself. having repelled the attack,

the cossacks moved on independently. atlasov reached the southern part of the peninsula, where he saw the first of the kuril. islands, alayit, on which the fire-breathing mountain is located height of more than 2.0 m. in these places they hunted nakalan, predatory marine mammals. in one of the local villages atlasov met the japanese denbei tatekawa, who had survived a shipwreck. atlasov took him with him and later took him to show peter i. peter ii showed great interest in open territories. since 1716, it has been established. regular sea communication with kamchatka through okhotsk, in the capital atlasov presents the tsar with a detailed map of kamchatka. atlasov set out south from anadorsky fortress through the karyaksky ridge, and walked along the tigil and kamchata rivers. during the campaign four karyak forts were captured,

the upper kamchatka fort was founded on the kamchatka river. the expedition route ended at the southern tip of the peninsula, where atlasov had the opportunity. the oceans and kamchatka were important for russian explorers and for the russian authorities, first of all, because it opened up new sources of furs, and as in the 16th century it was called rybizub, that is, a marginal tusk, in second place were the information that

the russian authorities received about the newly conquered territories, that is, some geographical details, knowledge about the tribes that inhabited these lands, about their customs, about what they could give to the russian economy. in addition, tsar peter decided to use the japanese brought by denbe to teach the russians japanese and to obtain information about russia's new neighbor, japan. at that time, japan was closed to all european powers except holland and portugal, but the dutch kept their secrets sacredly and shared them with no one. did not intend to, russian monarchs, starting with peter i, showed great interest in legendary country, which they knew from western europeans, that somewhere in the ocean there was a certain country eldorado, rich in gold, silver,

various items of art, namely japanese lacquer, urushi. all sorts of expensive fabrics, silks, spoilage, and so on. but the interest in japan was primarily dictated not by this, but by the fact that, having begun to develop the far east and kamchatka, russia did not have the opportunity to increase the population and armed forces in these areas due to the lack of food. to carry from food supplies to the far east under those conditions was very , very unprofitable, therefore it was the desire to trade with japan to obtain the necessary food that was at the heart of the desire to establish relations with this state as soon as possible, but

by that time, since 1638, japan... closed this period is called sakoku in japan, when fearing the colonization of japan by western european powers, through christianity and therefore other methods, trade, again with what was not in japan, these states had plans to turn japan into a colony or semi-colony, in order to protect... their culture, their identity, the power of the emperor, decisions were made to close the country and prevent foreigners from entering japanese territory, from... before the japanese left their country, which, naturally, limited it within the framework of their

state, russian pioneers began to go to the northern kuril islands, at first there was even such an opinion that this was japan, although it was not, these were bare islands, therefore all sorts of expeditions to the kuril islands eventually. reached the southern kurils after the monarchs began to try to establish relations with the land of the rising sun, which met with resistance, the unwillingness of the japanese to establish such relations. according to one version, the first chinese come to our country together with the mongols in the first half of the 13th century. the first documented mention of china dates back to this period, here in chinese chronicles the russians are first mentioned in the thirties of the 14th century: the russian regiment probably came to beijing with the mongolian

help, at that time the khans recruited military men in the territories under their control. the further fate of the first russians in china remains unknown. if we speak in today's language, we lived in the mongol-tatar federation, yes the russian state, the chinese state, naturally there were contacts, because the mongols service... and some do not doubt, he went there for some scientists doubt that it was, in order to receive from the great khan a label for the great reign, that is, to become the great prince, so that others would not break through. in 1618... in the year a small detachment of cossacks headed by ivan petlin sets out from tomsk. the mission was tasked with finding a way to china and collecting

information about it and neighboring countries. in china itself, ivan petlin was to find out the possibility of establishing further relations. he can be called the first russian diplomat in the celestial empire. the entire journey to the chinese capital took 3.5 months. when the russians first saw the great wall of china, it struck their imagination. from one edge of the horizon to the other stretched the enshan mountain range along its entire length the great wall chinese wall. ivan petlin and his comrades will spend only 4 days in the capital of the chinese empire, beijing, although petlin had diplomatic experience, but the mission made a serious mistake. due to the lack of gifts, petlin was not received by the chinese emperor, but petlin's delegation held negotiations with government representatives, from whom they received an official letter addressed to the tsar. with permission for the russians to send an embassy again and trade in china. the letter remained untranslated for decades.

common expression chinese letter concerned precisely this document, which was in the ambassadorial order, and the contents of which remained a mystery. after petlin , tsar alexei mikhailovich in 1654 sent diplomat and traveler fyodor baikov to the qing empire to emperor shonji. this was the first official russian embassy in china to establish regular diplomatic and trade relations. together with osvity, the ambassador arrived in beijing in march 1656. qing officials demanded that baikov hand over the gifts and charter he had brought. baikov refused, demanding a meeting only with the emperor and was, together with his entire retinue, isolated for almost half a year. all this time he was threatened with execution. it is not surprising that such a reception gave rise to many rumors and legends, one of which concerns the customs of china

at that time. so baikov did not have specific instructions to settle conflicts, but he was ordered to avoid performing humiliating rituals that could infringe on the sovereignty and damage the prestige of russia. he had to seek an audience with the manchurian emperor to present the charter gifts from alexey mikhailovich including.

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school with installments without overpayments. my grandfather, great-grandfather in forty-fifth year proved to this world that they are a nation of winners, now our time has come, our people are fighting for their existence, for a decent existence in this world, pass on ... needs, our state is now doing a lot to conclude a contract, and preferential, and social, care for families, if this is not i will do it, no one will do it, if we do not finish it here now, they will come to us, we will already be fighting at home, join yours, serve under contract, at the same time the pioneer pantilei pyanda at the head of a detachment of forty people in 3 years. passes 2,500 km through the evinkiya taiga in the fourth year reaches the lena river. in 1632, the russians founded the yakut prison, which became a stronghold for further

advancement to the north-east. already in 1636 ivan moskvitin with thirty cossacks sets off through the mountain ranges to okhotsk sea. three years later, he reaches the pacific ocean coast. at the same time, ivan rebrov reaches the lapev ​​sea and builds a fort there. a year or two later, the russians reach sakhalin and the kuril islands. in 1643, 13 people from mikhail stadukhin's detachment reach the kolyma river. vasily poyarkov, with a detachment of 132 people, reaches the sea of ​​okhotsk along the amur river in 1645. at the same time , yerofey khabarov tries to gain a foothold on the amur shores in dauri. in 1648, he receives military equipment and funding from the yakut governor, and the following year begins his expedition. in the autumn of 1649 , erofey khabarov set out with his detachment on a campaign to the daurian land. they set off along

the alekma and tungir kamura rivers. khabarov spent the winter in kuuste tungir. in january 1650, khabarov moved further along tungir on sleds and skis and entered dauria. khabarov built the fortress of albazin. later, in 1658 , the city of nerchinsk was built on the shilka river. thus, russia came into contact with the chinese empire, which also laid claim to the amur region. erofey pavlovich khabarov came from ustyug peasants. he came to siberia as an industrialist, first became rich, then went bankrupt. after khabarov's expedition, very rich and vast lands became part of the russian state, and during this expedition he made a map of the amur region, which became the first european map, a plan of these lands. russian-chinese

diplomatic relations were established during negotiations between representatives of the russian state and the tsin empire in august 1689 in nerchinsk. then the first treaty in history was signed in the ambassadorial office on... russia, a european power, and china, the largest state in east asia, peace and good neighborly relations between the agreement on eternal peace and to establish a border with russia. the russians advanced to the east and built forts, such small fortresses surrounded by a log fence, this was called a fort, at the same time the manchus were also advancing in the western direction.

they lived there, and after 2 years the russians settled there again, built a fence again, they burned it again, captured the albazinians, the defenders, and took them to beijing, and these our people, they included them not just in their army, in the imperial guard, they allocated them a separate area to live in beijing and allowed them to profess orthodoxy, so speed arose... the russian spiritual mission, and in order to formalize these relations, an agreement was concluded in the city of nerchinsk, and from nerchinsk to albazin is also very long, a long distance, the places were

uninhabited, but nevertheless, in 1689 they concluded an agreement in nerchinsk, also surrounded by manchu troops, according to this agreement the russians renounced the lands at amur, who formally still...

a native nomad, suffering from the cold, huts in unfamiliar places among hostile hunger, diseases, animals and midges, losing comrades and strength with each transition, using not maps and reliable information, rumors that threatened to turn out to be fiction, often in a handful of people, not knowing what awaits them tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, they went forward and forward, further and further to the east, so the russian writer valentin rasputin will write about the unheard-of throw from the yenisei to the pacific ocean. development of siberia and the far east - this is an unprecedented in scale and speed process of conquest by russian explorers, cossacks and peasants without end spaces from the urals to the pacific ocean.

by the way, do not forget that later the russians crossed the ocean and came to america, began to develop alaska and reached california. the breakthrough to the east occurred in only 70 years, for those times it was incomprehensibly little, as researchers will later note, such speed, such energy in the development of new lands, world history has never known.

hello, you are welcomed by the information ntv television company service, yulia bekhtereva in the studio. ukraine plans to stage a provocation at russian nuclear facilities, to strike. they are going to hit the spent fuel storage facilities at the kursk and zaporizhzhya npps. this became known in the military-civil administration of the kharkov region during the interrogation of captured militants of the armed forces of ukraine. the goal of the nationalists is to accuse russia of self-shelling and provoke retaliatory measures. novosti sources also report plans by the kiev regime to shell our facilities. according to their data, the armed forces of ukraine are planning to use charges with radioactive warheads. they have already been delivered to the city of yellow waters dnepropet.

sources also report the preparation of a sabotage operation using a dirty bomb.