imam khamaini, the founder of the islamic republic of iran, was a staunch supporter of palestine and its struggle for freedom against the israeli occupation. as matter of fact, his fight for the liberation of

palestine started long before the victory of the islamic revolution he led, which ultimately toppled the us-backed pahlavi regime in 1979. the religious opposition to of the shock. in this 1978 interview launched before the victory of the islamic revolution in iran, imam khamaini, then in exile in france clearly declares that. in

longer receive oil from iran, no, we will not receive the oil, no more oil from iran for israel, that's right. imam komaini's support for palestine can be traced back to his early years as a religious scholar. on june 3rd, 1963, imam khumaini made very significant speech in the central iranian city of goom to raise awareness about the occupation of the palestinian territories by the israeli regium. in his sermon, imam khamaini warned

people about the dangers of israel, a regime that seeks to destroy islam, the quran. he called on all muslims to support the oppressed people of palestine. in march 1963, imam komaini wrote a letter about the danger of israel, openly lashing out at the us back regime of the shah for growing close ties with israel. because of my religious obligation, i hereby warn the people of iran and the muslims of the world that the holy quran and islam are in danger. the independence of our country and its economy are in danger of being seized by the zionists. with the deadly silence of the muslims, it won't be long before they, the zionists, destroy the existence of the muslim nation in all its aspects. imam khumaini saw

the palestinian people as victims of injustice and occupation. he emphasized the importance of unity among muslims and urged them to stand together against israeli oppression. he call on all muslim nations to support the palestinian resistance and provide them with political, moral and material assistance. خصوصاً ملت و دولت های عرب کردن این بود که مهلت دادند به اسرائیل به اغراض شخصیه دولت ها مانع شد از اینکه صدای اسرائیل را در همون اول. خفه کنن و نگذارند

قدرت پیدا بکند على الجناب على الجناب. from imam khamaini's point of view, israel was a threat not only to the palestinian people and other regional countries, but also all muslims across the world.

اسرائیل امروز فرمان فرمای این بلاد اسلامی دارد میشد و اگر این بی تفاوتی و این کمک و این تفره زدن برای اینکه بشناسند اسرائیل را به رسمیت اگر این به نتیجه برسد او فرمان فرمای همشون خواهد شد. the israeli military captured the golen heights a rocky plateau in the levant region of western asia, spanning nearly 1800 square kilometers from syria in the 1967 six-day war. ever since the israeli regime backed by its staunch ally, the united

states, refuses to return the strategic territory to syria. despite the fact that the international community regards the golden heights to be syrian territory held by israel. under military occupation. imam khumaini believed that the liberation of palestine and other occupied territories by israel was not just the responsibility of palestinians, but also a duty for all muslims and all people who value justice and freedom. on october 7th, 1979. less than year after the victory of the islamic revolution in iran, imam khumeini declared the last friday of

همه ملت ها قیام بکنند همون که حالا همون تظاهرات همون راهپیمایی ها را بکنن این مقدمه می شد از برای اینکه انشاالله جلوی این مفسدین را ما بگیریم و کلک این ها از بلاد اسلام کنده بشه ever since and years after the passing of imam خمین rallies are held. every year in iran and many other countries around the world, this day serves as a reminder of the flight of the palestinians and their struggle for self-determination. these rallies attract millions of people to come together to express their support for palestine and

condemn israeli aggression. today, as the israeli genocide in gaza continues with the... حالا دیدید که پایتخت خودش را در قدس قرار داده است و تمام این چیزهایی که از آمریکا و از

طرفدارای حقوق بشر و از این محافل مجالسی که در خارج هست این ها تمام یک شعر های غیرموزون است. به لحاظا می بینید که انکار می کنند و اسرائیل هیچ اتنا نمی کنند. the recent events in gaza have once again exposed the brutal nature. of israel and how the us and its allies support has embolddened the regime to commit crimes against humanity. the indiscriminate bombing campaigns, destruction of civilian infrastructure, including hospitals and schools and loss of innocent lives have shocked the world.

despite this, the international community's response has been disappointingly muted with few nations taking a strong stance against israeli atrocities. in the face of israel's relentless onslot on gaza and the occupied west bank. and despite decades of failed attempts to bring an end to the israeli occupation of the palestinian territories, the recent israeli genocide in gaza has made it clear that resistance is the only viable path toward the liberation of palestine, cause that can best materialize through the solidarity and unity of the muslim world.

st. louis ferguson, assassinations, they don't have nothing, they can't lose nothing, and i think the most dangerous person in the world, person don't have nothing to move, black americans looking for. just if this is a war then we're going to have to deal with it with the strategies that people in war use, i saw his, i saw um the never ending story. "what's going on everyone, ali raza

here back with a brand new, very special episode of iran tech. today we've come to the southern iranian province of buucher to check out bucher nuclear power plant. it is one of the 412 nuclear power plants that currently exists in the world uh and another one uh of this power plants is actually being made right here among the 59 uh" power plants that are currently being made. now there are 178 countries that are members of the international atomic energy organization, but only 38 of them have access to nuclear power plants and iran is certainly one of them, but even more interesting is that among these 38 countries, only very few of them have the capacity to run and maintain their nuclear power plants completely using domestic technology and manpower, and buscher nuclear power plant is certainly among the very few, so we're going to... take a look around and see how we can actually manage to get uh 1000 megw hours worth of power uh thanks to

nuclear fision and the 80 tons of uranium that we have working in this facility. don't miss it. under that dome is where the bulk of the operation takes place, namely the 100 billion billion nuclear fisions a second that provide us with 300 megwatt hours of heat that then is translated into 100 megwatt of power that is fed into the national power grid which accounts for around 1 to2% of our uh yearly annual uh power production uh the basic principle of of uh this nuclear power plant is in a way similar to that of any other kind

of uh power plant, that is, we use heat, we generate a lot of heat to turn water into steam and then use the kinetic energy stored within the steam to spin turbines which also provide some kinetic energy that is then converted into electricity uh with the help of some generators now we still have turbines and generators and we also have steam, the only difference and the big difference here between nuclear power plant and other types of power plants is the method by which we get the heat, so here we use nuclear fision 1 billion billion nuclear fisions a second to generate heat uh, which is store. within the to generate heat using the energy that is stored within the uh nucleus of uranium 235, the radioactive isotope of uranium uh and in this method the big difference is that we don't have any waste, we have like less than one kilogram of uranium 235 actually being used up in a year, and considering there is 80 tons of uranium 235 in this uranium oxide,

in fact uh in this uh nuclear power plant, one kilogram is essentially negligible. and we don't have anything that actually harms the planet coming out of this facility, so right now uh this nuclear power plant is working 24/7 and there's nothing coming out of it, no steam, nothing uh so it is completely harmless to the environment and that's really the main thing, so we're pushing forward to make this kind of nuclear power plants, we we need to build more of them to account for much higher percentage of our uh annual power needs uh, but to understand better how uh the stuff underneath this dome works we need to take a closer look at the fuel element, so let's go ahead and do that. so this is a fuel element. we have 116 these loaded into the core of the reactor, each one of them containing 311 fuel rods which you're seeing right here. now if you take a closer look at them, you will see that

uh, inside the shell we have uh what is called uranium dioxide pellets. a bunch of these pellets make up the in initity of the length of these fuel rods, so each uranium pellet, which is like this big, amounts to a burning around three barrels of oil, 476 cubic meters of natural gas and 1 ton of coal, so that's how much energy is stored within this uh uranium pillet with an enrichment level of 3%, because here we're not looking for the the neutrons that are released, we're looking for the heat that is released as a result of nuclear fision, whereas in research reactors it is the nuclear fision, the neutrons that are released that are the point of interest, so during the course of the operation of this nuclear facility, the 10 years that it's been in operation, it has saved us uh burning around 100 million barrels of oil or 16 billion cubic meters of natural gas, and it

has prevented the release of 60 million tons of pollutant. so that's how much, that's how important having a number of these facilities can be for our nature, our environment, and our power grid, so now that you know some of the basics of how these the part that these fuel elements play in the whole process of nuclear fision and the whole process of the power plant operating, let's take a closer look on an atomic scale at what happens when you insert them into the core of the reactor, there's about 50,00 fuel rods within the... more of nuclear power plant reactor. yes, the enrichment level of the uranium 235 is rather low at 3%. but when you consider the sheer amount of it, that 3% actually turns out to be lot, so much, in fact, that you don't even need a helping hand starting the chain reaction with source of neutrons such as californium. this reactor is capable of

achieving criticality its own. criticality is the state in which nuclear chain reaction. is self-sustaining. a standard chain reaction looks like this: a stray neutron hits the nucleus of uranium 235, which has lot of energy stored within it because of its metastable state and the absorption of the neutron causes the nucleus to break apart. releasing that massive amount of stored energy in the process along with two or three neutrons in the process. those released neutrons will help the chain reaction continue by reacting with other. nuclei, this train reaction, however, must be controlled to not go above a certain level, that could be catastrophic and explosive, quite literally. so in between the fuel rods, there are control rods as well, that absorb some of the neutrons because of the material they're made of. this chain nuclear fission causes

the release of lot of energy in the form of heat, and the rest of the process in nuclear power plant is pretty similar to a normal. power plant, we use that heat to turn water into steam with lot of kinetic energy to spin turbines. now let's see what happens when the water turns into steam as a result of the heat generated within the reactor. so the fuel element enters the reactor right through here and the fuel elements are all loaded automatically with no actual operators involved because we're dealing with 80 tons worth of uranium, that's extremely radioactive, no... one enters this facility unless there's a case of emergency or when they are replacing the fuel rods, so the fuel rods are entered within the core of the reactor and as a result of nuclear fision we have lot of heat generated inside the core of the reactor, as as you can see, there are four red pipes that are carrying water that are coming into close proximity with the

reactor and the heat that is generated by it, and that water becomes hotter, this is essentially where the heat transfer takes place, so now that hot water uh operating at 320 degree celsius and 160 bars, it is high pressure because uh water would... and turn into steam uh in regular conditions in one bar uh so we need to increase the pressure to not let the water evaporate water doesn't boil quite as easily in higher pressures so uh the water is 320 degrees celsius 160 bars now this is our primary loop it's a closed loop system so the water that goes in doesn't go anywhere else it's just fed back into the circle so we have this 320 degrees of water that is now now coming in close vicinity of our secondary loop, the secondary loop essentially involves pouring water, pouring still hot water, but colder than the 320°,

and this water turns into air, turn, turns into steam, essentially, and that steam is where our secondary loop comes into place, so our secondary loop is where the actual power generation happen, we have two closed loops of water in the power plant, the primary loop carries heat generated in the reactor that goes up to 320 degrees celsius so that the water in the secondary loop can be poured onto it to turn into steam. this steam will then go into the turbine hole and spends a total of four turbines which we will look at a second. the important thing here is the temperature and the pressure within the primary loop. water is circulating a very high pressure of 160 bars to be able to operate at temperatures. of around 300° celsius, because if it was at the normal outside pressure of one bar, it would boil once it reached 100 degrees. we don't want

that, we want the water to stay in liquid form, so we have to increase the pressure to let it operate at very high temperatures. now let's see what happens in the turbine haul. this is where... our secondary loop fulfills its main objective and that is to spin the turbine, so over here you can see uh three low pressure turbines and behind it is one high pressure turbine, so at the input we have the steam that has come out of the steam generator at 285 degree celsius and 60 bars spinning the first turbine, the high pressure one because at that point our seam has the highest weight of potency to be able to spin the high pressure turbine and the subsequent turbines need to being designed differently because after the first turbine our seam loses lot of its potency each subsequent turbine that it goes, so the turbine is to be designed differently to accommodate for the

lower temperature uh that the steam operates at, so and then uh the scene goes through the turbines and eventually goes to the generator, the kinetic energy uh that has been uh created as a result of these turbine spinning uh is converted to electricity in that generator that you see right? there's just one missing link in that explanation of the secondary loop in particular, so as the 285 degrees roughly steam goes through the condenser and is condensed in to 220 degrees water, where does that delta t, delta delta temperature go? well, the condenser absorbs it because it's an endothermic process. condensation is an

endothermic process that is heat absorbing process, so that heat is going to be absorbed by the condenser, and eventually the heat builds up to get the condenser up to that 285 degrees, which at that point it loses its condensation capabilities, so what we need to do is to connect the condenser, to infinite source of thermal capacity, perhaps sea water, and that's exactly what we've done, so this is water that is exiting the facility that has already cooled down the condenser to help it maintain its condensing capabilities, so the condenser is essentially connected to infinite source of uh thermal capacity to be able to act as a condenser for as long as the c exists, so the water goes in uh the temperature goes up a little bit and then it goes back into the c essentially means there's nothing happening in between, and this is completely clean water, just second ago there were seagles swimming in it and they were just scared by the camera, and that essentially wraps up uh the whole issue of uh

the main loop, the secondary loop, and now the third tertiary loop, which is the only open loop. the first unit of busche nuclear power plant is producing 1,00 megw hours of power. it produces 24,00 megw hours of power a daily basis. the second and third units of busche nuclear power plant are under construction. each unit will pr 1057 megawatt hours of power. after initiating these two units, the production capacity of busher nuclear power plant will be 300 megwatt hours of power. this will have a great impact on the stability of iran's southern power greed and the energy supply issue of this part of our country will be resolved for many years.

behind me. is the exact point where the 1000 megw hours of power coming out of bucher nuclear power plant connects to the national power grid, so this is very much national project and it's certainly not just for the benefit of the people of bucher, but if we take a step back from this facility and take a broad look at our advancements in the past couple of years in the fields of nuclear sciences and technology we see dramatic acceleration that is a result of the... astic shift in perspective that we have made in the past couple of years, so before it was more of science producing, research focused field, but now we are actually implementing those sciences a much more rapid rate into different industries and reaping the fruits of our labors over the past many years, so now it's a much more industrial look implementing the sciences that we have created in different industries, and this was

just one example of it with that's said uh, i want to thank you all for watching and uh, i'll definitely see you in the next one.

ivf is a process of fertilization. in situations where fertilization is a problem, it's possible to create womb-like environment outside the mother's womb where sperm cells and egg cells are combined in laboratory dish. between two and six days later the combination is injected into the mother's womb. in 1973 australia succeeded in completing this complex operation for the first time. in 1988 and for the first time after the islamic. revolution in iran, dr. abu talib saremi published his research on ivf. two years later, in 1990, the first ivf birth was recorded in yast, and year after that, pair of ivf twins were born in tehran. by the beginning of the 1990s, iran had acquired the science for ivf, short for invitro fertilization.

headlines, iran's leader has termed the tragedy of gaza as a tragedy of humanity, which he says shows the current world order is invalid. the health ministry in gaza warns over 10,00 displaced palestinians are facing death and start. provation under his really fire a hospital in khan unis. the answer movements leader says a yemen will continue targeting israeli linked ships in the red sea until the warm blockade on gaza ends.